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Purpose – This paper aims to understand how the perceived usefulness of voice assistants (VAs) is affected by the perceived quality of the process (interaction) and the outcome (information). The authors also aim to determine the extent to which the perceived usefulness of VAs improves the perceived privacy associated with their use and increases users’ intention to continue using them. Consumer technology innovativeness is included as a personal trait moderator, to compare the results between tech and nontech innovators. For this purpose, the authors use the framework of the uses and gratifications theory (U&GT). Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 467 VA users was conducted and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings – The authors identify two main determinants of the perceived usefulness of VAs that influence users’ intention to continue using this technology, process quality and outcome quality. These two factors influence the continued use of VAs in different ways depending on the technology innovativeness of the consumers. The results show that tech innovators are oriented toward the interactive experience, and therefore, mainly value the process quality. In addition, nontech innovators are oriented toward a satisfactory response from VAs, and therefore, primarily value the outcome quality. In addition, the positive effect of perceived usefulness on perceived privacy is higher for tech innovators. Originality/value – This study enhances the literature on the perceived usefulness of VAs within the framework of U&GT. It identifies two antecedents (process quality and outcome quality) of perceived usefulness and observes significant differences based on technological innovativeness. Impacto de la calidad del proceso y resultado en la intención de seguir usando asistentes de voz Objetivo – Este artículo tiene como objetivo entender cómo la utilidad percibida de los Asistentes de Voz (AV) se ve afectada por la calidad percibida del proceso (interacción) y el resultado (información). Asimismo, busca determinar hasta qué punto la utilidad percibida de los AVs mejora la privacidad percibida asociada con su uso y, consecuentemente, la intención de los usuarios de seguir utilizándolos. La innovación tecnológica se incluye como moderador personal para comparar los resultados entre innovadores tecnológicos y no tecnológicos. Para este propósito, utilizamos la Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones (U&GT). Diseño – Se realizó una encuesta a 467 usuarios de AVs, y se utilizó la modelización de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para analizar los datos. Resultados – La calidad del proceso y la calidad del resultado son antecedentes claros de la utilidad percibida de los AVs, que afecta a la intención de los usuarios de seguir usándolos. La influencia de ambos factores difiere entre usuarios según su nivel de innovación tecnológica. Los resultados muestran que los innovadores tecnológicos valoran más la experiencia interactiva y la calidad del proceso, mientras que los no innovadores tecnológicos se enfocan en obtener respuestas satisfactorias de los AVs. Además, la influencia positiva de la utilidad percibida en la privacidad percibida es más pronunciada en los innovadores tecnológicos. Originalidad – Este estudio enriquece la literatura sobre la utilidad percibida de los AVs dentro del marco de la U&GT. Identifica dos factores previos (calidad del proceso y calidad del resultado) de la utilidad percibida y observa diferencias significativas basadas en la innovación tecnológica. 过程和结果质量对继续使用语音助手意愿的影响 目的 – 本文旨在了解语音助手（VAs）的感知有用性如何受到过程（交互）和结果（信息）的感知质量的影响。我们还旨在确定语音助手的感知有用性在多大程度上改善了与使用语音助手相关的感知隐私, 并提高了用户继续使用语音助手的意愿。我们将消费者的技术创新性作为个人特质调节因素, 以比较技术创新者和非技术创新者的结果。为此, 我们使用了 “使用与满足理论"（U&GT）框架。 设计/方法/途径 – 我们对 467 名增值服务用户进行了调查, 并使用结构方程模型（SEM）对数据进行了分析。 研究结果 – 我们确定了影响用户继续使用该技术意向的虚拟机构感知有用性的两个主要决定因素：（1）过程质量和（2）结果质量。根据消费者的技术创新能力, 这两个因素以不同的方式影响着虚拟现实技术的持续使用。结果显示, 技术创新者以互动体验为导向, 因此主要看重过程质量。此外, 非技术创新者倾向于从虚拟机构获得令人满意的回应, 因此主要看重结果质量。此外, 对于科技创新者来说, 感知有用性对感知隐私的积极影响更大。 价值 – 本研究在 U&GT 框架内加强了有关虚拟机构感知有用性的文献。它确定了感知有用性的两个前因（过程质量和结果质量）, 并观察到了基于技术创新性的显著差异。

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of consumers’ perceptions of the enjoyment and originality of firm-generated content (FGC) posted on Instagram on affective customer engagement (CE). In addition, an examination is undertaken of affective CE as a driver of customer behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes a quantitative approach using a sample of 334 women followers of an eco-friendly restaurant Instagram account. After validation of the measurement scales, the hypotheses were tested through structural equation modelling. Drawing on the stimuli-organism-response framework the authors posit that consumers’ perceptions of the enjoyment and originality of Instagram posts generate affective CE, which, in turn, influences customer behaviour. Findings – The results showed that the perceived enjoyment and perceived originality of Instagram posts generated by an eco-friendly restaurant have a positive influence on affective CE, which, in turn, affects consumers’ recommendation behaviours, intention to follow the restaurant’s advice on Instagram and intention to revisit the restaurant. Originality/value – This research provides novel insights into how the perceived enjoyment and originality of FGC posted on Instagram increases women’s affective engagement and expands knowledge of how affective CE might increase positive electronic word-of-mouth, intention to follow the restaurant’s advice and repurchase intentions.

El Plan Colombia, implementado desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2015, se convirtió en el principal motor del Estado colombiano para combatir las múltiples formas de violencia que por años intentaron tomar control del país y del plan antinarcóticos propuesto e implementado por el Gobierno norteamericano. Quince años después del inicio de su implementación, de tanto esfuerzo humano y material invertido, las FARC-EP terminaron los diálogos de paz con el Gobierno colombiano y el ELN está haciendo lo propio. ¿Puede considerarse que el Plan Colombia cumplió su objetivo de paz? Este artículo pretende resolver esta pregunta por medio del análisis de los antecedentes del Plan Colombia, desarrollo y continuación (Paz Colombia) en el nuevo contexto nacional colombiano. Palabras Clave: Plan Colombia, EE.UU, Colombia, Paz, Proceso de Paz.

Value co-creation continues to be a key issue in the era of marketing 4.0. Despite an increasing amount of research on value co-creation, there is still a lot of ambiguity in the use of certain terms. For example, different names are used to refer to the same concept. Even though the concept of co-innovation or co-production has nearly the same meaning as co-creation, there are certain differences between them that must be clarified. In addition, another difficulty found in the literature is that the co-creation concept is frequently applied to different objects of study, such that it might be dealing with brand value co-creation, co-creation of experience, co-creation attitude, etc. In order to clarify these issues, this paper presents a brief review of the relevant literature on value co-creation.

La disrupción generada por la economía inteligente y por la economía colaborativa en el entorno exige la capacidad de reinventarse a los destinos turísticos y partes interesadas. Se detecta la necesidad de un nuevo modelo de destino turístico inteligente que integre las 3’s (Smart, Share y Sustainability). Mediante el estudio de caso de Madrid, se ilustra el impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de Airbnb en el territorio mediante determinados indicadores cuantitativos. Por medio de un análisis clúster se realizan diversas agrupaciones de los distritos, en función de distintos indicadores (nº de alojamientos, nº de alojamientos/ y precio medio de los alojamientos) que permiten medir el grado de impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de alquiler (Airbnb) en el territorio. Se complementa el análisis de los alquileres turísticos, agrupando los distritos en función del precio de los alquileres destinados a uso permanente (Fotocasa), a fin de tener una imagen más fidedigna de la vivienda en alquiler en la capital española. Por último, se sugieren distintas soluciones para la descongestión de determinados distritos, resaltando la posibilidad del uso de inteligencia artificial mediante algoritmos para una gestión eficaz de los destinos; así como se acentúa la importancia de guiar las actuaciones gubernamentales hacia la sostenibilidad del destino.

This study seeks to understand how a scientific knowledge of psychology dialogues with the knowledge of the community during a process of training in therapeutic tools for victims of the armed conflict in Buenaventura and Quibdó. To do that, we used a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The results show that the training process opens up a space for the victims to express their own suffering in which a sense of helping others emerges from the healing experience. Likewise, the cultural adaptation of the training tools creates the possibility of a dialogue between the knowledge of psychology and local knowledge, and encourages the active and reflective participation of the subjects.

Despite an increasing amount of research on cocreation value, research on participants’ value-in-use in third-party managed virtual communities remains limited. This study explores how participants perceive value-in-use through their participation in third-party managed virtual communities and the influence of the participants’ value-in-use on three cocreation behaviors typical of these communities: information searching, feedback, and coinnovation activities. Participant value-in-use is a multidimensional construct consisting of five dimensions: informational value, entertainment value, social integrative value, personal integrative value, and community interactivity. We also consider whether use of different platforms (website, mobile app, or both) exerts a moderating effect on this cocreation process and identify significant differences in the relationships proposed based on the platform the participants use to access the virtual community. The research is contrasted empirically using the virtual community TripAdvisor. The PLS-SEM method is used to test the model proposed. In comparing the website and mobile app models, the results show significantly stronger effects on the relationships in the route “informational value-participants’ value-in-use-information searching” for the website. Also, we find a stronger route for personal integrative value-participants’ value-in-use-feedback among users of the mobile app than for website users. In the case of participants who use only one platform (website or mobile app) rather than both (website and mobile app), the weight of use of one technology rather than both is significantly greater in coinnovation. This study enriches previous studies that advance theories of cocreation value and provides companies with practical guidance to identify and encourage cocreation behaviors and enhance the perceived value-in-use of virtual community participants.

In Northern Patagonia, the mating season starts on March 15th, when rams are submitted to summer temperatures. Exposure of rams to heat stress increases the prevalence of microscopic damage to spermatozoa, morphological abnormalities, and reductions in fertility. This study assesses the adaptive capabilities of six unshorn and six shorn Australian Merino rams, half of which were treated in a heat chamber for eight hours for five days, gradually reaching a temperature of up to 40 °C. Microscopic damage, abnormalities and ultramicroscopic alterations of the plasma membrane and the acrosome of sperm head were analysed. There were significant differences in the percentage of tailless spermatozoa and proximal cytoplasmic droplets between post-treatment periods. Temperature primarily affected the shorn rams and the sperm heads during spermiogenesis. Submicroscopic alterations were observed when the plasma membrane was present in the anterior segment. These alterations can be intact, waved, or dilated. When the plasma membrane was absent, the acrosome might be intact, dilated, and waved. In addition, the outer acrosomal membrane may completely lose its contents or have a nude nucleus. The plasma membrane assumes a waved shape as a result of the effect of temperature on the epididymis. According to this study, the tailless head, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, and the ultramicroscopic categories studied were robust indicators of semen heat stress. After ten weeks, the sperm head recovered its normal shape. Unshorn rams are better adapted to summer heat stress than shorn ones. Microscopy and transmission electron microscopy alterations have been shown to be excellent indicators of thermal stress in Australian Merino rams and may be useful tools to help sheep farmers choose when to begin the mating season, which will vary depending on the environmental conditions of the summer.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI’s THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council’s THI.

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. has great medical and veterinary importance posing severe risks to the well-being of pets and public health. The ozone is a promising alternative for control of this ectoparasites, by not causing environmental contamination or threatening public health. Due to the fact that the integument is the organ that first comes into contact with topically applied acaricides, the objective of this study was to investigate morphological alterations in ticks exposed in vivo to ozonated water for 5 min and analyzed after the periods of 24, 48, and 72 h. The results showed that the exposure to ozonated water at the concentration of 2.25 mg/L for 5 min and analyzed after 48 h had the greatest effect, causing irreversible damage to the integument of the R. sanguineus s. l. females, interfering in the processes of attachment, engorgement, and reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the rationale for the production of store brands and the possible existence of different store brand manufacturer segments according to their competitive position, size, advertising investment, sector concentration and type of product. Design/methodology/approach - The method to obtain information is a survey developed in Spain and answered by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods. The methods applied are descriptive (Crosstabs and Anova) and multivariate techniques (correspondence analysis, chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID), and cluster). Findings - The article provides empirical evidence in favour of the rationale for the production of store brands by non-leading medium to small-sized firms and against this practice by leading manufacturers. It also shows the existence of different manufacturer segments. Research limitations/implications - The main disadvantages of this research are based on their exploratory nature and on the method to obtain information (postal survey): self-selection, small sample size and measuring of the variables (perceptual bias). Additionally, the goodness of fit of the CHAID applications is not very high. Practical implications - The insights presented here can be used by manufacturers from other countries with a less developed store brands market, such as Eastern European or Latin American. Leading manufacturers or mid-size manufacturers with high advertising investment can still compete head to head with store brands. The other manufacturers must adapt their strategies to collaborate with retailers in order to produce store brands. Originality/value - There are no previous studies that empirically assess the rationale for the production of store brands. Moreover, no empirical research has focused on the manufacturers' group identification regarding their decision to produce store brands. This study determines the most significant variables in the identification of manufacturer groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The articles in the issue are introduced, including one on the theory of 19th century English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, another on the evolution of the Colombian Black middle class, and another on engravings in the 19th century Colombian newspaper "Papel Periódico Ilustrado."