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The operation of a city’s logistics system is associated with many problematic issues, for example, intense pollution and negative impacts on the environment, uneven intensity of traffic flows, and other problems. This article focuses on heavy transport because it causes disruptions in the supply system and affects timely customer service. Optimization processes are associated with route selection, deployment of logistics centers, and the need for cargo consolidation–de-consolidation, which leads to the possibility of using the PPP (public–private partnership) method in practice. A unique aspect of this research is related to the problems of the first and last mile and the use of elements of the “sharing economy”. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the problematic challenges of the first and last mile and the role and significance of heavy transport in urban logistics. For that purpose, in addition to an analysis of scientific sources, an expert survey was conducted and responses related to the questions on optimizing heavy traffic flows in city logistics were analyzed. The study data were processed using Kendall’s correlation coefficient, the concordance method, and the consistency coefficient. During analysis, using the average rank transformation to weights (ARTIW) method, the subjective normalized weights of the main factors that have the greatest influence on a city’s logistics system were determined. Groups of interested parties are also named separately, for whom the results of the study and the formulated decision may be relevant. Based on the results of the research, a recommendation was formulated for the development of small cargo collection and distribution services through self-service terminals located on the outskirts of cities. Proposals are presented to reorganize the system, provide details of new infrastructure elements and suburban terminals, and encourage for the use of environmentally friendly vehicles with a lower carrying capacity.

Safe transport of dangerous goods by railway is an important challenge for both national and international freight transport. The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most demanding transportation technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by railway and to define the main factors, which affect the transport of such goods by railway. Scientific literature was analysed, statistics were provided, and a qualitative survey was conducted. The factors of 3 groupas that have the greatest impact on the safe transport of dangerous goods by railway were studied and identified. The obtained results were processed using the Kendall’s rank correlation method, and the consistency of the expert opinions was clarified using the fit coefficient. Using the medium-distance transformation weights (Average Rank Transformation Into Weight – ARTIW) method, the main normalized subjective weighting factors that most influence the conditions of transport of dangerous goods for safe transport have been identified. The results of the study revealed that the main factors of Group I that have the greatest impact on the accident of dangerous goods by railway, are: complete preparation of the train, driver’s confidence in the safety systems of the locomotive and improper loading of cargo. The most important technical-technological factors of Group II, which have the greatest impact on the accident occurring in the transportation of dangerous goods by railway, are: technical condition of the locomotive, tightness of railway tanks (wagons) and marking of wagons carrying dangerous goods. Key organizational factors for Group III to consider before dangerous goods are transported by railway are: risks related to freight forwarding, identification of chemical properties of freight and driver qualification. The key factors in these three groups can be used to develop models to make the transport of dangerous goods by railway safer and more efficient.

The main goal of this paper is to determine the main technical and technological criteria impacting the effectiveness of the synchronization of transport flows in the East-West Transport Corridor (EWTC) in the southern part of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) corridor using a specific questionnaire. The results were processed using the Kendall rating correlation method, and the compatibility of the expert selection was analysed using a match factor. Following Kendall’s concordance coefficient and consistency ratio values, the expert opinions were reconciled. In the course of the research using the Average Rank Transformation into Weights (ARTIW) method, the normalized subjective weights of the main technical and technological impacting synchronization of transport flows were determined. The outcomes of the research presented in the paper have shown that the main technical criteria impacting synchronization are: railway infrastructure and road transport infrastructure at the terminals. The most important technological interaction criteria are accessibility of seaports and accessibility of railway distribution stations. In the following stages of research, the main criteria of the above two factors should be used to create models and facilitate synchronization with the purpose of building an interconnected transport system spanning all modes of transport.

The poorly developed network and the low level of interconnection between sea and land terminals along the North-South and East-West corridors in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) have a negative impact and are a major obstacle to the international competitiveness of these corridors. In order to respond to this challenge, three new high-tech intermodal transport centers have been formed in Lithuania along the trans-European (TEN-T). These centers are designated to respond flexibly to the needs of local and international markets, taking advantage of intermodal transport. The main aim of the article is to explore the attitudes and interests of intermodal transport terminal managers, and other decision makers and experts to use the East-West and North-South international corridors as well as their intentions to develop interoperability between terminals. Based on the research, an innovative model of synchronization transport flows between major intermodal terminals have been proposed. Įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų tarpusavio veiklos sprendimų tyrimas Santrauka Silpnai išplėtotas tinklas ir žemas jūros ir sausumos terminalų tarpusavio sąveikos lygis išilgai Baltijos jūros regiono (BJR) Šiaurės–Pietų ir Rytų–Vakarų transporto koridorių yra didelis kliuvinys siekiant didinti tarptautinį šių transporto koridorių konkurencingumą. Siekiant atsiliepti į šį iššūkį Lietuvoje transeuropinių (TEN-T) Šiaurės–Pietų ir Rytų–Vakarų koridorių kryptimis, yra suformuoti nauji modernių technologijų įvairiarūšio transporto centrai. Šių centrų paskirtis – lankstus reagavimas į vietos ir tarptautinių rinkų poreikius, naudojant įvairiarūšio transporto teikiamus privalumus. Svarbiausias straipsnio tikslas – ištirti įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų valdytojų ir kitų sprendimų priėmėjų bei specialistų požiūrius ir interesus naudotis Rytų–Vakarų bei Šiaurės–Pietų tarptautiniais transporto koridoriais, taip pat jų ketinimus plėtoti tarpusavio kooperavimąsi. Remiantis atliktais tyrimais pasiūlytas inovacinis transporto srautų sinchronizavimo tarp pagrindinių įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų modelis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: TEN-T koridoriai, įvairiarūšio transporto terminalai, sąveikumas, sinchronizavimas, modeliavimas.

The article examines the impact of human resource practices on future employees in the transport and logistics sector where logistics companies operate. It presents the impact of the organization and implementation of industrial practices on the preparation of young specialists in the transport and logistics sectors and self-actualization of students. A research was conducted revealing how each industrial practice is actually perceived and accepted by a trainee, the industrial practice supervisor of a school of higher education and persons responsible for industrial practices in companies at the organizational level. The article also presents the expert assessment method and calculations of the compatibility of expert opinions. The obtained research results allowed developing a hypothetical model for the organization and implementation of the industrial practice process, which lists conditions for organizing and implementing industrial practices and potential results associated with the improvement of competencies, self-actualization of young specialists and concordance with study results.

Saugus pavojingųjų krovinių gabenimas yra svarbus uždavinys krovinių pervežimuose tarptautiniais maršrutais. Straipsnyje pateikiami anketinės analizės tyrimų rezultatai, parodantys, kaip respondentai Europos Sąjungos šalyse vertina pavojingųjų krovinių vežimą, kokie pavojingieji kroviniai dažniausiai vežami, kokiomis priemonėmis stengiasi užtikrinti saugų vežimą. Pateikiamos rekomendacinės priemonės Lietuvos vežėjamas, kaip galima būtų saugiau gabenti pavojinguosius krovinius.

Synchromodality is a freight transport process in which information is exchanged expeditiously in order to maximize the benefits of different modes of transport and transport nodes in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. The aim of the study is to analyze the problems of synchronized intermodal traffic management between the main port and inland transport nodes in European transport corridors and to find reliable solutions to these problems. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to investigate the problem of the distribution of containers transported by rail between two transport terminals in a synchronous transport network. A specific optimization model is presented in this article. This optimization task is formulated as a stochastic integer programming model between the terminals located in Vilnius and Klaipeda Seaport, the essence of which is as follows: (a) to minimize the waiting time for container cargo at the location—terminal No. 1; (b) to minimize the total journey time of the train; (c) to minimize the waiting time for containerized cargo at the point of arrival—terminal No. 2.

The transport of dangerous goods by rail carries a high risk of accident and every effort should be made to ensure that such transport is carried out under the best possible safety conditions. The research objective was to analyze and identify the main risks associated with the transport of dangerous goods by rail as well as to identify and assess the main factors of safe transport in order to reduce the risk of accident. For this purpose, analysis of the literature, systematization, generalization, and evaluation by experts was applied. The article states that in order to ensure the safe transport of dangerous goods by rail, it is necessary to comply with the rules for loading and unloading dangerous goods, the established requirements and instructions, and technical conditions of wagons and their labelling as well as preventive measures to reduce the risk. Recommendations are provided on how to reduce accidents and incidents in the transport of dangerous goods by rail.

The criteria system described in this paper is suitable to be used for planning and designing oversize or heavyweight cargo transportations routes. This system gives the possibility to choose objectively the most suitable sections of the route in existing road network. Also it is a means to compare various routes in the same certain territory allowing objectively selecting the best one according the certain criteria. The paper indicates that criteria system is an efficient mean for comparing the existing heavyweight and oversize cargo transportation routes for various modes of transport with alternatives of building new ones or building/redesigning some parts of the route.

In the article opportunities of changing paper CMR waybill into electronic are analysed, whereas the paper CMR waybill does not guarantee operational information exchange between participants of logistics chain components in road transport. Due to this reason use ofelectronic CMR waybill becomes more and more important. According to researches done by article authors, the article submitted the limitations of paper CMR waybill, benefits of electronic CMR waybill, concept model of implementing electronic CMR waybill and application possibilities of supply chain components. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos popierinio CMR važtaraščio galimybės keisti jį į elektroninį CMR važtaraštį, nes popierinis jau nebeužtikrina operatyvių informacijos mainų tarp vežimo dalyvių kelių transporte. Naudoti elektroninį važtaraštį tampa vis aktualiau. Remiantis atliktų tyrimų rezultatais straipsnyje pateikiami pagrindiniai popierinio CMR važtaraščio trūkumai, įvardijami elektroninio važtaraščio privalumai, elektroninio CMR važtaraščio realizavimo koncepcinis modelis ir jo taikymo galimybės visiems vežimo dalyviams. Raktiniai žodžiai: tiekimo grandinė, transporto informacinės sistemos, elektroninis CMR važtaraštis, popierinis važtaraštis.

The rapidly changing world determines changes in the business processes. Logistics and transport are the areas facing constant changes. Therefore, an important point is to analyse the current problems of logistics and transport within the context of the changing environment. For many years, the experts of the Dept of Logistics and Transport Management of the Faculty of Transport Engineering from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University have been pursuing research both, in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in Lithuania and foreign countries. This research has been directed toward improvements to logistics and the entire supply chain in pursuit of economic, social and ecological competitiveness, an increase in the competitiveness and attractiveness of the transport system in the context of sustainable development, the impact of this system on the economic and social welfare of society, an increase in the competitiveness and attractiveness of the transport sector of improving the legal framework and the application of innovative technologies (including IT) in the transport sector aimed at implementing economic and social cohesion goals. The article deals with some of the key issues of the above introduced research.

The article examines the accidents and incidents taking place while transporting dangerous goods by railway transport. The paper presents and considers research results indicating the way the respondents estimate the main factors related to risk in rail transport. Also, the correlation of the annual losses encountered by enterprises due to accidents and the losses caused by other factors are analysed. The work suggests recommendation measures for reducing accidents in railway transport while shipping dangerous cargoes.

The rapid growth of traffic intensity was predetermined by the dynamic change in the number of cars and the need for carriage. Vehicle congestion and high risk of accidents result in disappointment of many drivers and public transport users, causing psychological tension and increasing the accident rate. The accident rate is one of key indicators that help measuring processes of the transport system and its development. With the help of various road safety solutions, the modern world aims to ensure safe transportation and achieve reduction in the number of traffic accidents. Just as any other country, Lithuania is focusing on these issues as well. Reduction in the number of traffic accidents requires implementation of the national road traffic safety policy, which is one of the most important instruments that specify directions to be taken while implementing road safety solutions for roads with the highest traffic accident rate. The paper presents a methodology for calculating traffic intensity, which can be used while addressing road safety problems. The article describes the importance of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) for road safety issues and analysis of key traffic safety determinants. The core functions of ITSs are work with information and control of technologies. ITS services can make transport safer. The article examines the use of ITSs for estimation of road safety problems in Lithuania.

Technological development inevitably increases the number of hazardous cargo in the European Union. The essential problem of the haulage of hazardous consignment deals with insufficient safety. The topic seems to be relevant due to importance to ensure the safety of carrying hazardous cargo, since while transporting such materials, a certain possibility of a negative impact on nature, people's health and safety occurs. This article assesses the current situation of the haulage of hazardous cargo in Lithuania and investigates activities of developing the possibilities of the haulage of hazardous cargo in the countries of the European Union (EU). The conduced research on transport organizations in the EU countries helped with evaluating safety remedies and with ensuring the safe haulage of hazardous cargo used by particular organizations as well as suggested the kinds of transport used for transporting hazardous cargo. The study also indicated the most frequently crossed countries and the kinds of information technologies an organization applies in practice so that to guarantee the safety of the haulage of hazardous cargo. Santrauka Technologinė pažanga neišvengiamai didina pavojingųjų krovinių skaičių Europos Sąjungos keliuose. Didelė problema—nepakankamas pavojingųjų krovinių saugumas. Tema aktuali dėl šių krovinių gabenimo saugumo užtikrinimo svarbos, nes gabenant tokius krovinius atsiranda tikimybė neigiamai veikti aplinką, žmonių sveikatą. Straipsnyje pateiktas pavojingųjų krovinių vežimo Lietuvoje dabartinės situacijos įvertinimas, atliktas šių krovinių vežimo Europos Sąjungos šalyse tobulinimo galimybių tyrimas. Atliktasis pavojingųjų krovinių vežimo tyrimas padėjo įvertinti, kokių saugumo priemonių atitinkama transporto kompanija imasi, norėdama užtikrinti saugų pavojingųjų krovinių vežimą, kokiomis transporto rūšimis daugiausia veža pavojinguosius krovinius, kokiomis informacinių sistemų priemonėmis įmonė naudojasi. Резюме В связи с техническим развитием увеличивается число перевозок опасных грузов по дорогам стран Европейского Союза. Основной проблемой при перевозке опасных грузов является недостаточная безопасность. Тема особенно актуальна, так как транспортировка таких грузов вызывает отрицательное воздействие на окружающую среду и здоровье людей. В статье анализируется сегодняшняя ситуация с транспортировкой опасных грузов, разъясняются главные аспекты исследования возможностей при перевозке опасных грузов в страны Европейского Союза. Благодаря исследованию выявлено, какие меры безопасности предпринимают транспортные компании с целью гарантировать безопасность перевозок, какими транспортными средствами перевозятся опасные грузы, какие информационные средства используются. Reikšminiai žodžiai: pavojingieji kroviniai, vežimas, transportas, tyrimas, įvykiai, vežimo reikalavimai Ключевые слова: опасные грузы, транспорт, перевозка, исследование, авария, требования перевозки

The days when a buyer was forced to choose from what is being offered have passed. These days, buyers demand a product that would answer their exclusive expectations at a time of their preference and at an acceptable price. Therefore, manufacturers aiming to survive the competition battle have to rethink their operation strategies. Special importance is attached to the process of development and reconstruction of supply chains, and the process which may feature particularities, depending on the branch of industry. Automobile manufacturing is the biggest the fastest industry developing across the globe. New automobiles are listed as luxury commodities and are, therefore, subjected to very strict requirements with regard to various logistic operations and technologies, which are vital for ensuring efficient automobile delivery to the final users. Due to the growing demand for brand‐new automobiles and the distance to the user, automobile manufacturers are constantly searching for solutions to the development and support of an efficient distribution network. Strategy shaping of distribution network requires evaluation of a number of criteria, which influence the distribution system. The article analyzes the development of automobile distribution networks on the basis of multi‐criteria evaluation of distribution channels. First published online: 10 Feb 2010

The infrastructure of transport means has to be modernized and organized in such a way that operators could employ effective transportation technologies and processes and that the sustainable development of different transport modes and their proper interoperability with the transport systems of the neighbouring states are achieved. The long‐term development strategy of the Lithuanian transport system notes that the solution to the problems of transport technology is based on improvements in technological supply and the rational use of the informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The interaction between different transport modes in the terminal is a complex and multiplex task. To reach a successful solution for this task, a thorough evaluation and analysis of numerous factors is required and a preliminary research of respective elements is necessary. The application of advanced technologies is essential in the terminal where several road transport modes are involved in the process of interaction. Therefore, an information transmission centre (ITC) is necessary. First published online: 27 Oct 2010

This work examines conditions to ensure safe transportation of dangerous freight, to manage and minimize the risk of carriage of such freight along the whole route. This article presents the probabilities in transport of dangerous freight, probability of possible damage and that of a possible accident, when transporting dangerous freight and a method of calculating costs of damage to the environment and that of calculating accident probability. The article points out the ways of reducing the risk of possible damage and probability of accident. First published online: 27 Oct 2010

This article examines types of modern technologies application possibilities in dangerous freight transportation. It is noted that the solution to transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usage of informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The aspects of mobile solution of public information and transport are named in this paper. The article presents concrete vehicles and freight tracking on their trips analysis, the principles and methods of their operation. Tracking and localization systems are playing a great role in the transportation of dangerous freight. The newly developed remote identification system for transport facilities and freight are presented. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

The article dwells on the aspects of mobile solutions of public information and transport. The work presents major decision making principles based on object positioning and a system of positioning‐based GSM solutions. The newly developed remote identification systems for transport facilities and goods and passenger transport and their schematic view are presented. The main units of the remote identification system of vehicles and goods embrace: TI portal, TVIM portal, content control system (SMS, GPRS), mobile phone, the unit for stating the geographical position of vehicles and goods. Portals are designed so that the data provided by various systems of observation, such as GSM, GPS, WLAN, wireless internet, etc., can be used there. Portals (TI and TVIM) can also be used for testing, complex evaluation of monitoring functions as well as for providing the data on geographical location of objects, transmitting data to mobile telephones, etc. Purposes and functions of the portals are presented. The article describes the facility of implementing the mobile user concept, changes made in the portal pages to support the mobile users. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

This article analyses the conception of the improvement of hazardous goods transportation technology as well as its theoretical principles. Basic organizational aspects of hazardous goods safe transportation are also represented. Effective and safe hazardous goods transportation is possible only using good informational supply. Process modelling and the creation of hazardous goods transportation informational system can improve each hazardous goods transportation technological process. This system should join its components on the whole and coordinate state institutions. The article studies the experience of foreign countries in the creation of informational systems. In the world developed countries various methods of safe dangerous goods transportation are used. This article analyses the types of informational technologies application problems, shows their schemes. It is noted that the solution of transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usage of informational modelling methodology of the whole transportation process. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010