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Shinichi Okuma,1 Shiro Mizoue,2,3 Yuichi Ohashi3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama-shi, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Minami-Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama-shi, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan Background/aims: To examine the characteristics of visual field defects and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in eyes with intrachoroidal cavitation (ICC) and investigate the similarities between these results and glaucomatous changes.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with ICC based on peripapillary radial cross-sectional scans performed with OCT. Visual field was measured with the Humphrey automated visual field analyzer SITA standard central 24-2 program, and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was measured in 9×9 mm areas on OCT. The positive rates for the Anderson criteria, site of visual field defect, and mean GCC thickness in each quadrant were compared; the association between these results and ICC location was assessed.Results: Fifteen eyes from eleven patients (five males and six females; mean age, 54.6±10.7 years) were selected for investigation. ICC was detected in the inferior temporal side of the optic disc in all studied eyes. The positive rate for the Anderson criteria was 73.3% (11/15 eyes). Visual field defects were most commonly observed in the cluster that corresponded to the superior Bjerrum area (53.3%; 8/15 eyes). GCC thickness was significantly lower in the inferior side, where the ICC was located, than the superior side, where the ICC was absent (P=0.0001). GCC thinning that correlated with ICC was observed in 66.7% (10/15 eyes) of the ICC eyes.Conclusion: Visual field and GCC findings on OCT in ICC eyes are extremely similar to those observed in superior visual field defect-type early glaucoma, indicating a possible difficulty in distinguishing the two conditions. Keywords: intrachoroidal cavitation, visual field, ganglion cell complex, glaucoma

This investigation utilizes leaf extracts as corrosion inhibitors and studies the inhibitive effect of Irvingia gabonensis leafextracton mild steel immersed in 1.0M HCl acid at ambient conditions. The phytochemical constituents responsible for the corrosion inhibition were determined by standard phytochemical methods. The chemicals detected were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tanins. The study was carried out using eleven (11) experimental setups, which consisted of: 1.0M HCl (control 1), 10ml, 15ml, 20ml, and 25ml extracts in 1.0M HCl and distilled water (control 2). The experiment was conducted using the weight loss/corrosion rate measurement technique and the results showed that the extract concentration and exposure time had effects on the corrosion rate, whilst the 25ml extract inhibited the most in the acidic medium. The results of the experiment with the two-factor ANOVA without replication indicated that the extract concentration had a more significant effect on corrosion rate than the exposure time. Having this in mind, the inhibitive effect of Irvingnia gabonensis (Africa mango or ogbono) leaf extract as an organic "green" inhibitor on mild steel corrosion in an acidic medium can be said to depend on the concentration of the extract for better effectiveness and inhibition efficiency. Therefore, Irvingia gabonensis leaf extract, with an inhibition efficiency of 67.14% on mild steel in a moderate acidic environment, can be recommended for use in commercial and industrial environments where mild steel material is required in service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]