Search

Purpose: To seek out the bone regeneration effect of human umbilical cord--mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)--derived exosomes of loaded chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffold in a rat calvarium bone regeneration model. Materials and Methods: The hUC-MSC exosomes were purified and characterized. The scaffolds were prepared by a freeze-drying method. Animals were divided into five groups, and the CS/HA/exosome (CS/HA/Exo) scaffolds were transplanted to 5 x 2-mm critical-sized calvarial bone defects for repair in rats. All animals were sacrificed at the postoperative sixth week. Immunohistochemical and histologic analyses were performed. Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the exosomes were round-shaped vesicles with bounded membrane, and the diameter of the exosomes was 83.728 ± 27.269 nm. Histologic analysis showed that mean new bone volumes were statistically significantly higher in the CS/HA/Exo group (1.83 ± 0.54, PCS/Exo-CS/HA/Exo = .000), and other new bone volumes in the other groups were statistically significant compared with the control (CS/Exo 1.50 ± 0.14 mm³; CS 1.20 ± 0.43 mm³; control 1.06 ± 0.10 mm³; and CS/HA 1.43 ± 0.66 mm³). Conclusion: The CS/HA/Exo combination is a novel treatment for bone defect repair to induce bone formation. The CS scaffold can significantly promote bone regeneration compared with the control. Moreover, the combination with HA and exosomes is promising for applications in bone tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious disease of young salmonid fish and is one of the most severe economic diseases in aquaculture. In Turkey, an increase in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) outbreaks in freshwater rainbow trout have been reported in recent years. This study aimed to analyze the VP2 gene from recent IPNV isolates from Turkey to determine whether there are epidemiological links between IPNV isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 62) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax; 1), wild turbot (Scophthalmus maximus; 1) and the environment in order to investigate potential wild and farmed fish interactions. In this study, 62 Turkish IPNV isolates collected over 10 years (2005–2014) from rainbow trout, sea bass and turbot were genotypically characterized. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Turkish IPNV isolates are closely related to strains from Denmark, Iran and Spain and that all Turkish IPNV isolates belong to genogroup V, serotype A2 (Sp strain). Furthermore, low genetic diversity was found among the Turkish isolates (identity, 95.5%–100% nucleotides and 97.8%–100% amino acids). The result of the analysis of the amino acid residues found at positions 217, 221 and 247 (proline, threonine and alanine, respectively) could be associated with virulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious disease causing high mortality in juvenile trouts. Since there is no effective way to treatment against IPNV, early diagnosis and prevention play an important role in combating the disease. The different types of IPNV vaccines (inactive, live, recombinant, DNA, etc) have been produced from local isolates and have been used in developed countries. In Turkey, there is no commercial licensed vaccines against IPNV. Due to this reason, IPNV vaccine is needed in Turkey. The production of recombinant VP2 subunit vaccine (IPNV-VP2) and inactivated whole particle virus vaccine (IPNV-WPV) were attempted from selected isolate belong to sp serotype. For this purpose; the virus was produced in RTG-2 cell line and RT-PCR amplification was performed by using primers with restriction enzymes. The whole VP2 gene was cloned into a plasmid vector and VP2 was expressed by using E. coli expression system. A trial was conducted to determine the immunity ability of IPNV-VP2 and IPNV-WPV in rainbow trout. According to the SN 50 assay, the IPNV-WPV stimulates immune response faster than the IPNV-VP2 vaccine. Besides, the relative percent of Survive (RPS) was detected as 79% in fish vaccinated with IPNV-WPV and 70% in fish vaccinated with IPNV-VP2. Thus, we can say that the recombinant vaccine of IPNV-VP2 is almost protected against IPNV infection as well as the inactive vaccine. • Neutralizing antibody production against IPNV was found as a result of IPNV vp2 vaccination. • Recombinant Vaccine against IPNV-VP2 has 70% RPS rate in rainbow trout. • Whole Particle formol-inactivated vaccine against IPNV Sp serotype has 79% RPS rate in rainbow trout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]