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In the Jovian magnetosphere, quasi‐periodic phenomena, with quasi‐periods on the order of 10–60 min, are frequently identified using different data sets. These pulsations are a branch of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, which are believed to play a crucial role in driving the energy circulation within Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize magnetic field data collected by Juno between 2016 and 2022 to perform a comprehensive global statistical analysis of the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. Our findings reveal distinct periodic features observed at different latitudes and distances, providing valuable insights into the generation mechanisms of ULF waves. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between the presence of these ULF wave fluctuations and the magnetospheric state, such as under conditions of solar wind compression. By combining contemporaneous ultraviolet aurora observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and magnetic field data obtained by Juno, we have discovered that the compressed magnetospheres exhibit more pronounced ULF waves and enhanced auroral activity. These results provide a global picture of the distribution, implying potential generation of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, and shedding light on the processes behind the 10–60‐min energy releases. Plain Language Summary: In the Jovian system, there are patterns of magnetic waves with periods of 10–60 min. These waves are part of a larger category called ultra‐low‐frequency waves and play an important role in how energy moves around Jupiter. Here, we study these waves using data collected by the Juno spacecraft from 2016 to 2022, investigating where these waves occur and how often they occur. The waves are different depending on the location and distance from Jupiter, which gives us clues about how they are created. These waves also appear to be more common when Jupiter's magnetic field is compressed by the solar wind. We have also combined data from the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno, and found that the compressed magnetic field leads to more of these waves and stronger auroras on Jupiter. This research helps us to understand how these 10–60‐min bursts of energy work in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Key Points: We investigate the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves in the Jovian magnetosphereWe examine and compare the occurrence rate of ULF waves under different solar wind compression statesThe connection between ULF waves and auroral morphology provides key constraints on wave generation mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic Dipolarization, a hallmark indicator of the formation of field‐aligned currents, plays a crucial role in the energy dissipative processes that occur within planetary magnetospheres. Saturn's magnetic dipolarization was found to recur after one planetary rotation, suggesting a potential correlation with the corotating current systems. The observation of enhanced Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) within Saturn's inner magnetosphere serves as a diagnostic tool, revealing the existence of a rotating, dynamic Partial Ring Current (PRC) system. By utilizing multiple datasets from Cassini, this study advances the understanding of the interrelationship between ENA emission and magnetic dipolarization. Our results suggest the possibility of a coupling between the PRC system revealed by the ENA emission and magnetic dipolarization. Furthermore, a temporal correlation was found between the ENA emissions and two distinct radio emissions. This study discusses potential causal relationships among these phenomena and first time proposes a global unified physical picture. Plain Language Summary: Energy dissipation and circulation are the core of the space plasma field, which shows different typical features at different planets. Unlike the solar wind‐driven terrestrial magnetosphere, the giant planetary magnetospheric processes are strongly controlled by internal processes, and show strong rotational modulation in the in situ and remote sensing measurements. The rotation modulation of the observations in Saturn's magnetosphere may lead to challenges in the interpretation of data. The observed variations in data are a combination of spatial and temporal variations. In this study, we analyzed the multiple datasets from Cassini to formulate a uniform picture of the periodic variations including magnetic field variation, rotating hot plasma cloud, and radio emissions. We propose that the corotating current system could potentially connect all observed phenomena. Key Points: Recurrent magnetic dipolarization and Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) enhancement are correlatedThe SKR and 20 kHz narrow band emissions are likely connected to the rotating hot plasma cloud revealed by ENA observationPeriodic enhancements of SKR are concurrent but slightly time‐lag/lead the recurrent magnetic dipolarizations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic variations are widely identified in the Jovian system, varying from 10 s of seconds to several days or even longer. These processes are strongly influenced by solar wind conditions, planetary rotation and Io's volcanic activity. Ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves at 10 s of minutes, which are the typical time scale of field‐line resonance, are considered as a crucial process in driving the Jovian energy circulation. The longer time‐scale periodicities are likely associated with global mass circulation. In this study, we focus on multihour variations of the ULF wave energy, which are difficult to identify within the magnetosphere due to the rapid planetary rotation modulation. Using the magnetic field observations from Juno and Galileo in Jupiter's magnetosheath, we found multiple significant multihour periodicities, widely distributed from 2 to 10 hr, peaked at different values from case to case. The most common periodicities were between 3 and 5 hr, existing in both the dawn and dusk sides. These common periodicities are likely associated with the energy transport from the inside to the magnetosheath. Plain Language Summary: Periodicities, as detected in aurora, particles, waves, etc., widely exist in the Jovian system. The periodic variations are key signatures to assess theoretical hypotheses, and the coherence between the periodicities in different types of observations can be a crucial constraint to reveal physical causality. Jupiter's magnetic axis is about 10 degrees offset from the rotation axis, resulting in a periodic vibration of the magnetosphere. A spacecraft traveling in Jupiter's magnetospheric space would persistently detect rapid variations of the magnetic field every several hours, and the variation feature depends on the relative location to the magnetic equator and the dynamic magnetospheric processes. Therefore, the investigation of hourly variation of the Jovian magnetosphere is highly challenging due to the strong mixture of spatial and temporal effects. To overcome this difficulty, we analyze magnetic field and plasma wave data in Jupiter's magnetosheath, where the planetary rotation induced spatial variations no longer exist. Many multihour periodicities are identified, which are believed to be consequences of compressions from the rotating magnetospheric plasma to the magnetopause. Key Points: We systematically investigate the hourly periodic variations in Jupiter's magnetosheath by analyzing magnetic field dataPeriodicities from 2 to 10 hr are widely identified, where results of periodic analysis change from time to timeSimilar hourly periodicities were identified in both dawn and dusk sides [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmoid is a key structure for transferring magnetic flux and plasma in planetary magnetospheres. At Earth, plasmoids are key media which transfer energy and mass in the "Dungey Cycle." For giant planets, plasmoids are primarily generated by the dynamic processes associated with "Vasyliunas cycle." It is generally believed that planetary magnetotails are favorable for producing plasmoids. Nevertheless, recent studies reveal that magnetic field lines could be sufficiently stretched to allow magnetic reconnection in Saturn's dayside magnetodisc. In the study, we report direct observations of plasmoids in Saturn's dayside magnetodisc for the first time. Moreover, we perform a statistical investigation on the global plasmoid electron density distribution. The results show an inverse correlation between the nightside plasmoid electron density and local time, and the maximum plasmoid electron density around prenoon local time on the dayside. These results are consistent with the magnetospheric circulation picture associated with the "Vasyliunas cycle." Plain Language Summary: Saturn, Jupiter, and our Earth all have global magnetic fields, which have mainly dipole configurations in space environments. These dipole magnetic fields can protect the planets from being directly bombarded by solar wind‐charged particles, and thus form a so‐called "magnetosphere" that has a stretched tail on the night side and a more dipolar configuration on the dayside. Magnetic reconnection between the interacting regions is the key process which transfers particles and energy. Many magnetic structures are produced in the reconnection region. Plasmoids, fundamental magnetic structures, are key media to transport particles between different regions of a magnetosphere, and to release particles to interplanetary space. Therefore, the characteristics of plasmoid distribution, plasma properties, and formation conditions are pivotal in understanding mass and energy circulations in planetary space. In the present study, we report, for the first time, plasmoids in Saturn's dayside magnetodisc and present their statistical properties. From the statistical distributions, we also infer a potential evolution of plasmoids during planetary rotation, and compare with theoretical models. Key Points: This study reveals the existence of plasmoids in Saturn's dayside magnetodiscA global local time distribution of plasma properties in plasmoid is obtainedWe infer the evolution of plasmoid during rotation from electron density distribution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banded structures observed in energetic particle spectrograms in the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region, that is, "zebra stripes," have been resolved in the Saturnian magnetosphere with Cassini. This study implements a large‐scale statistical analysis of Saturnian zebra stripe properties in association with the noon‐to‐midnight electric field of the inner magnetosphere to which the stripes' origin was recently established. Cassini has detected zebra stripes extending between L‐shells (L) of 5–9 for more than half of the orbits that crossed inward of L = 9. The amplitude of the stripes is 15−20% on average above the background differential energy flux, and their age is estimated to be 20–60 hr. The regular observation of zebra stripes suggests that their regeneration and the corresponding electric field enhancements develop over timescales comparable to their estimated lifetime (days), revealing that internal processes contribute to the electric field dynamics, in addition to a solar wind‐induced variability indicated by previous investigations. The flux‐enhanced stripes are traced back to the dayside, preferentially from postnoon, indicating an electric field orientation from postnoon to postmidnight. Our results further suggest that the electric field's offset from the noon‐midnight line is subject to both L‐shell and temporal dependencies, confirming the previous inferred variability. Key Points: Energy‐discretized electron spectra (zebra stripes) were seen in the majority of Cassini's orbitsZebra stripes develop within tens of hours and spread to the whole inner magnetosphereThe electric field responsible for the stripes has an L‐shell and time‐dependent deviation from the noon‐midnight orientation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STAT5A gene plays a significant role in growth traits by affecting JAK/STAT pathway. We identified two SNPs which were related to growth traits from 206 healthy and adult purebred individuals of Guizhou Black goats using the methods of direct sequencing and PCR-SSCP. The association analysis between genotypes and growth traits showed that the individuals of genotype TC were superior than CC in chest girth significantly (P<0.05), and the individuals of GA were significant superior than GG and AA in chest girth and body weight (P<0.05). Besides that, the heterozygotes had higher growth traits than those of homozygotes in general. Therefore, we made a conclusion that the two SNPs of STAT5A gene will serve as marker-assisted selection for improving growth traits in goats, but we should still continue to prove the validity of the conclusion by enlarging the total samples and breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the encapsulators of drilling fluids used in domestic oilfield are mainly organic polymer compounds. These encapsulators show good performance in their own drilling fluid systems. However, they also demonstrate some defects, such as narrow range of applicability, unsatisfactory temperature resistance and salt tolerance, incapability to meet the requirement of corresponding national standards for environmental protection, and so on. Using biopolymer as the main monomer and mixing with nonionic, anion, and cationic monomer, the authors develop an environmental friendly encapsulator EBA-20 with temperature resistance and salt tolerance by aqueous solution polymerization method. Laboratory test and field application show that the synthetic encapsulator EBA-20 can improve the viscosity and yield value of drilling fluid and reduce the fluid loss of drilling fluid. Meanwhile, its temperature resistance and salt tolerance are also better. The contents of main heavy metals, such as chromium and mercury, are under the standard level of GB4284-84; the value of acute biotoxicity test EC50 is greater than 30,000 mg/L, which has little influence on environment; the value of biodegradability BC is 20.1, which shows that EBA-20 is biodegradable and is useful for drilling fluid system to improve its environmental protection performance. Formulation #1, which takes environmentally friendly encapsulator EBA-20 as marine drilling fluid system, meets the requirements of drilling operation and has an excellent environmental protection performance. It could reduce environmental pollution to the operating area in the marine. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To prospectively explore the association between tea drinking and incidence of stroke of adults of Zhejiang province. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang were included for final analysis. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio ( HR ) for the association of tea drinking with incident stroke. Results: The main type of drinking tea was black tea (79.78 % ), followed by green tea (20.08 % ). Of the 53 916 participants, the proportion of participants who drank tea at least once per week was 31.27 % . The corresponding proportions for men and women were 60.24 % and 10.30 % , respectively. Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program (median 7.26 years), a total of 1 487 men and 1 769 women were diagnosed with stroke. After adjusting for socio-demographic status, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure, HR for incident stroke decreased with the increase of daily average tea consumption amount ( P =0.000 6). Compared with participants who did not drink tea weekly, the HR s for incident stroke in those consuming tea 0.1-, 3.0- and ≥5.0 g/d were 0.93 (95 %CI : 0.85-1.00), 0.88 (95 %CI : 0.77-0.99) and 0.79 (95 %CI : 0.69-0.89), respectively. The HR s for incident stroke in smokers and non-smokers who consumed tea ≥5.0 g/d were 0.71 (95 %CI : 0.59-0.86) and 0.97 (95 %CI : 0.77-1.21), respectively, compared with current smokers and non-smokers who did not drink tea weekly ( P =0.040 0). The corresponding HR s for alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers were 0.96 (95 %CI : 0.76-1.22) and 0.70 (95 %CI : 0.58-0.84), respectively ( P =0.040 0). The corresponding HR s for central obese persons and non-central obese persons were 0.60 (95 %CI : 0.44-0.81) and 0.86 (95 %CI : 0.73-1.01), respectively ( P =0.040 0). Conclusion: Tea drinking had an effect on reducing the possibility of incident stroke, especially among those who were current smokers, non-alcohol drinkers and central obese.

Objective: To explore the effect of BMI and waist circumference on diabetes of adults. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 people aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang city of Zhejiang province were recruited. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios ( HR ) for the associations of baseline BMI and waist circumference with incident diabetes. Results: Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program between 2004 and 2013 (median 7.26 years), a total of 944 men and 1 643 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those with normal weight, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of both overweight and obesity in men for incident diabetes appeared as 2.72 (95 %CI : 2.47-2.99) and 6.27 (95 %CI : 5.33-7.36), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 2.19 (95 %CI : 2.04-2.36) and 3.78 (95 %CI : 3.36-4.26). Compared to those with normal waist circumference, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of Ⅰgrade andⅡgrade in men for diabetes were 2.56 (95 %CI : 2.22-2.95) and 4.66 (95 %CI : 4.14-5.24), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 1.99 (95 %CI : 1.80-2.21) and 3.16 (95 %CI : 2.90-3.44), respectively. Conclusions: Overweight, obesity and central obesity were all associated with the increased incident of diabetes. Strategies on diabetes prevention should include not only losing weight, but reducing waist circumference as well.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Tongxiang, Zhejiang province, and analyze the interaction between smoking and indoor air pollution on COPD. Methods: Townships of Chongfu, Zhouquan, Gaoqiao, Shimen, Wuzhen were randomly selected from Tongxiang. All the local people aged 30-79 years were asked to receive questionnaire survey, physical examination and pulmonary function testing. FEV 1 max/FVC max≤0.7 was the criterion of COPD diagnosis. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between smoking/indoor air pollution and COPD, multiplied interaction between smoking and indoor air pollution was evaluated, Excel table prepared by Andersson et al. was used to calculate the adding interaction. Results: The overall prevalence of COPD was 6.6%, and adjusted for age, educational level, occupation, marriage, income level, BMI, waist-to-hip and other factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males who had quit smoking, started smoking at age of <25 years had a high risk of COPD; females who smoked every day <15 g, inhaled smoke into mouth or throat had high risk of COPD. Interaction analysis showed that using fuel of firewood/charcoal/coal, briquettes for cooking and regular smoking had multiplied interaction on COPD. Use no chimney or exhaust system in cooking and regular smoking had adding interaction in females. Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD in Tongxiang was close to the national average level. Female smokers had higher risk for COPD than male smokers. Improving kitchen ventilation, using natural gas or fuel gas for cooking and active tobacco control would facilitate the prevention of COPD.