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Introduction: The study was aimed at identifying the incidence of unreported probable hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on anti-diabetic medications, using the screening Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in real-world situations. Methods: It was a multicentre cross-sectional study on consecutive individuals attending 10 diabetes care centres in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The inclusion criteria were as follows: known individuals with T2DM, literate, age greater than or equal to 18 years, on at least one anti-diabetic agent for more than a month and not engaged in regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018, involving 1198 participants. The mean age of the individuals enrolled was 53.45 years (±10.83), with males comprising 55.3% of the population. It was found that 63.6% of patients were on sulphonylurea (SU), 14.5% were on pioglitazone, 92.2% on metformin, 62.3% on Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4i) and 12.8% on Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2i). The mean SHQ score was 1.81 (±1.59). Probable hypoglycaemia was mild in 57.59%, moderate in 14.69% and severe in 1.41%. Those with diabetic neuropathy (P = <0.001), retinopathy (P = <0.001) and nephropathy (P = <0.001) had significantly higher SHQ scores. Insulin or SU use was associated with a significantly higher SHQ score. Concomitant statin use was associated with a lower incidence of mild, moderate and severe hypoglycaemia (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, we found that age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin use and fasting blood sugar were the most important factors associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia with an R2 cut-off of 0.7. Conclusion: SHQ was discovered to be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for outpatient detection of hypoglycaemia in an Indian setting, and it can add value to management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccinations have been proven to be generally safe in healthy populations. However, the data on vaccine safety in patients with type 1 diabetes are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of short‐term (<7‐day) adverse vaccination events (AEs) and their risk factors among type 1 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed data from the COVID‐19 vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) survey database (May to December 2021; 110 collaborators, 94 countries), comparing <7‐day COVID‐19 vaccine AE among type 1 diabetes patients and healthy controls (HCs). Descriptive statistics; propensity score matching (1:4) using the variables age, sex and ethnicity; and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results: This study analyzed 5,480 completed survey responses. Of all responses, 5,408 were HCs, 72 were type 1 diabetes patients (43 females, 48.0% white European ancestry) and Pfizer was the most administered vaccine (39%). A total of 4,052 (73.9%) respondents had received two vaccine doses. Patients with type 1 diabetes had a comparable risk of injection site pain, minor and major vaccine AEs, as well as associated hospitalizations to HCs. However, type 1 diabetes patients had a higher risk of severe rashes (3% vs 0.4%, OR 8.0, 95% confidence interval 1.7–36), P = 0.007), although reassuringly, these were rare (n = 2 among type 1 diabetes patients). Conclusions: COVID‐19 vaccination was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 1 diabetes with similar AE profiles compared with HCs, although severe rashes were more common in type 1 diabetes patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People living with type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and their families have poor perception of health related quality of life. Therapies for T1D are becoming better with time, but they still involve a lot of effort. Prevention of T1D, if successful, has potential to change lives of millions of families across the globe. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with underlying genetic predisposition for autoimmunity against beta cell antigens upon exposure to an environmental trigger. Identifying underlying primary antigen responsible for initiating autoimmune cascade, avoiding environmental trigger and modifying immunity has all been used as strategies for preventing or delaying onset of type 1 diabetes. Primary prevention for type 1 diabetes is hindered by difficulty in identifying at-risk population and also due to lack of effective preventive strategy. Secondary prevention, in children with presence of autoimmunity, has recently received a boost with approval of Teplizumab, an immunity modifying drug by its Anti-CD3 action. Application of preventive strategies would also change based on country specific incidence, prevalence and availability of health resources. In current review, an update on preventive strategies for type 1 diabetes is being discussed as well as their applicability in Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grave's Disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder, usually presents as diffuse goitre with involvement of both lobes of the thyroid gland. It is characterised by hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy and rarely dermopathy. Involvement of eyes can be unilateral or bilateral, but unilateral involvement of a lobe in a bilobar thyroid gland is very rare. Only 13 cases of unilateral GD have been reported so far. This entity may be missed quite often for thyroid hemiagenesis or hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. Here, authors present a case of unilateral thyroid lobe involvement in a patient of GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports and endocrinology are complex interrelated disciplines. Sports and exercise modulate endocrine and metabolic health, and are used to prevent and manage disease. Endocrine and metabolic function influence participation and performance in sports activity. The Bhubaneswar Declaration, released on the occasion of the Endocrine Society of India Conference, resolves to promote the science of sports endocrinology. The authors commit to optimize endocrine health in sports persons, encourage safe use of sports to promote health, and prevent misuse of endocrine interventions in sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wireless sensor network was deployed using four sensor nodes to collect temperature and humidity data from the farm in a region of interest. This study demonstrated implementation of the ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute's Jhulsacast model for forecasting of potato late blight disease using these sensor observations. A novel human participatory sensing mobile phone application was developed for diagnosis of the disease at the farm level. The validation of the Jhulsacast model, and its comparison with other models was done using the human participatory sensing approach. The study indicated that unlike the existing methods which rely on disease forecasting to control the plant diseases, the decisions on pesticide application can be made by jointly considering diagnosis and forecasting information. Experimental results depicted that the Jhulsacast Model has been found to be significantly accurate than the Ullrich, Fry, Winsteland Wallin models for the Hapur region of Uttar Pradesh, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to timely, quality healthcare is one of the important issues concerning communities in rural India, among many others such as education, safe drinking water, transport, approach roads, and electricity. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has made a significant impact on the functioning of enterprises and urban communities; however, the benefits of ICT are yet to reach rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Graves's disease is classically considered to involve both the lobe of thyroid gland but rarely there can be unilateral involvement of the thyroid gland in this condition. Case: A 30 year housewife presented to us with hyperadrenergic symptom suggestive of thyrotoxicosis. On examination there was diffuse enlargement of thyroid left greater than right. Thyroid ultrasound even following review did not reveal any nodule. Technetium 99 thyroid scan showed uptake in the left lobe of thyroid. TSH receptor antibody was positive further to support the diagnosis of unilateral Graves' disease. On literature review it was found to have predominant involvement of right lobe. All the cases which were treated with hemithyroidectomy went on to develop thyrotoxicosis involving other lobe. Hence we propose unilateral to bilateral involvement of the thyroid being natural history of the Graves' disease. The time duration in unilateral to bilateral involvement is usually very small. Hence, it's rarely encountered with unilateral involvement in clinical practice unless thyroid scan is done in early part of the disease. Due to some differences in between the thyroid lobe either anatomically or due to infection the unilateral to bilateral progression is slower or hence can be picked up. Conclusion: We present a case of Graves' disease with unilateral involvement of the thyroid on the left side.We propose unilateral to bilateral involvement of the thyroid being natural history of the Graves' disease. Unilateral graves should be treated with treatment to target both lobe of thyroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Insulin is a temperature-sensitive protein; hence, its potency is highly dependent on appropriate storage. Ideally, insulin should be stored in the refrigerator, but when in use it can be stored at room temperature for up to four weeks. However, room temperatures vary widely across regions and countries, and all rural areas of developing countries like India are not electrified. This study explored physicians' perception of alternative methods for appropriate storage of insulin, such as indigenous storage methods like clay pots., Methods: A Study was conducted among 188 Indian physicians attending a diabetes conference in December 2018 to evaluate the feasibility of indigenous storage methods., Results: It was observed that although the use of alternate indigenous methods like clay pots was recommended by them, the proportion was low. The awareness of literature on these methods for insulin storage validation was also less than 50%. Owing to the lack of validation studies on indigenous methods, nearly 80% of the physicians felt that they were not confident to recommend them. Besides, the study results highlighted the necessity of conducting an adequate number of validation studies on indigenous methods in the Indian setting, considering their scarcity., Conclusion: This is the first time we highlight ethical dilemmas through a study among physicians when they advise non-refrigerator methods for insulin storage, in the event of a lack of electricity supply. It is hoped that results from these studies would highlight ethical dilemmas among physicians and would motivate researchers in this field to conduct studies to validate alternative methods of insulin storage., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.)

Purpose Chemoradiation with cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 given once every 3 weeks is the standard of care in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC). Increasingly, low-dose once-a-week cisplatin is substituted because of perceived lower toxicity and convenience. However, there is no level 1 evidence of comparable efficacy to cisplatin once every 3 weeks. Patients and Methods In this phase III randomized trial, we assessed the noninferiority of cisplatin 30 mg/m 2 given once a week compared with cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 given once every 3 weeks, both administered concurrently with curative intent radiotherapy in patients with LAHNSCC. The primary end point was locoregional control (LRC); secondary end points included toxicity, compliance, response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results Between 2013 and 2017, we randomly assigned 300 patients, 150 to each arm. Two hundred seventy-nine patients (93%) received chemoradiotherapy in the adjuvant setting. At a median follow-up of 22 months, the estimated cumulative 2-year LRC rate was 58.5% in the once-a-week arm and 73.1% in the once-every-3-weeks arm, leading to an absolute difference of 14.6% (95% CI, 5.7% to 23.5%); P = .014; hazard ratio (HR), 1.76 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.79). Acute toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred in 71.6% of patients in the once-a-week arm and in 84.6% of patients in the once-every-3-weeks arm ( P = .006). Estimated median progression-free survival in the once-a-week arm was 17.7 months (95% CI, 0.42 to 35.05 months) and in the once-every-3-weeks arm, 28.6 months (95% CI, 15.90 to 41.30 months); HR, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.73); P = .21. Estimated median overall survival in the once-a-week arm was 39.5 months and was not reached in the once-every-3-weeks arm (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.65]; P = .48). Conclusion Once-every-3-weeks cisplatin at 100 mg/m 2 resulted in superior LRC, albeit with more toxicity, than did once-a-week cisplatin at 30 mg/m 2 , and should remain the preferred chemoradiotherapy regimen for LAHNSCC in the adjuvant setting.