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In the knowledge society, multinationals and, more specifically, their subsidiaries acquire great importance as a source of competitiveness for the multinational as a whole. From this perspective, this article has a double objective: (1) to define ambidextrous subsidiary, and (2) to explore if subsidiaries are ambidextrous. A quantitative methodology is used on a sample of 102 Spanish subsidiaries of foreign multinationals from knowledge-intensive sectors. Findings show that the subsidiaries analyzed are highly explorers of knowledge. However, despite the coherence between the roles played and their international competitive strategies, not all subsidiaries turned out to be ambidextrous. Only those with an integrated player role and transnational strategies can be considered as such.

Purpose - Faced with increasing environmental problems, traditional methods for transmitting information regarding corporate environmental actions are insufficient. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to suggest the environmental capital report, the knowledge map and the balanced scorecard as alternative instruments to provide the environmental information needed to develop internal corporate activity and meet the requirements of society. Design/methodology/approach - A practical approach is applied to facilitate understanding of some sections of these tools, analysing the GRI reports of certain environmentally proactive firms. Findings - The findings show that the environmental information provided relates mainly to collaborations established with stakeholders and to the development of internal processes aimed at preserving and protecting the environment. Accordingly, it could be said that the environmental capital report proposed in this paper seems to be materialized in the GRI report. Moreover, the production and R&D sections of the knowledge map and the internal processes and relational perspective sections of the balanced scorecard are the most common environmental information given by the companies analyzed. Originality/value - The value of this paper lies mainly in showing several tools that could be used by companies in order to spread their efforts in protecting and preserving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]