Search

Abstract Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) is an extensively grown forage grass known for its significant drought resilience. In order to comprehensively grasp the adaptive mechanism of Dinanath grass in response to water deficient conditions, transcriptomic and metabolomics were applied in the leaves of Dinanath grass exposed to two distinct drought intensities (48-hour and 96-hour). Transcriptomic analysis of Dinanath grass leaves revealed that a total of 218 and 704 genes were differentially expressed under 48- and 96-hour drought conditions, respectively. The genes that were expressed differently (DEGs) and the metabolites that accumulated in response to 48-hour drought stress mainly showed enrichment in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Conversely, under 96-hour drought conditions, the enriched pathways predominantly involved lipid metabolism, specifically sterol lipids. In particular, phenylpropanoid pathway and brassinosteroid signaling played a crucial role in drought response to 48- and 96-hour water deficit conditions, respectively. This variation in drought response indicates that the adaptation mechanism in Dinanath grass is highly dependent on the intensity of drought stress. In addition, different genes associated with phenylpropanoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as signal transduction pathways namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase 2, syntaxin-61, lipoxygenase 5, calcium-dependent protein kinase and phospholipase D alpha one, positively regulated with drought tolerance. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses highlights the outstanding involvement of regulatory pathways related to secondary cell wall thickening and lignin biosynthesis in imparting drought tolerance to Dinanath grass leaves. These findings collectively contribute to an enhanced understanding of candidate genes and key metabolites relevant to drought response in Dinanath grass. Furthermore, they establish a groundwork for the creation of a transcriptome database aimed at developing abiotic stress-tolerant grasses and major crop varieties through both transgenic and genome editing approaches.

Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke are two common chronic illnesses that have a substantial impact on rates of morbidity and mortality. There is significant evidence linking diabetes to an increased risk of stroke in terms of incidence, severity, and mortality. This extensive review looks at shared risk factors, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiological trends, and evidence-based therapy approaches to give a thorough analysis of the causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and stroke. Studies using epidemiological data regularly show that people with diabetes have a higher incidence of stroke than people without the disease. Furthermore, diabetes is linked to a less favorable outcome following a stroke, as well as an elevated chance of stroke recurrence. Determining the pathophysiological pathways that connect diabetes and stroke is essential to understanding their relationship. Key pathophysiological processes associated with these disorders include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Due to microvascular complications, these mechanisms raise the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and predispose diabetics to an increased risk of ischemic stroke by creating a prothrombotic and atherosclerotic milieu. Diabetes and stroke are linked due to shared risk factors like smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and poor glycemic control. Lifestyle changes, blood pressure control, lipid-lowering therapy, antiplatelet medicines, and a nutritious diet are essential for stroke risk reduction. Reducing the risk of stroke in people with diabetes requires the implementation of management techniques that focus on both diabetes control and stroke prevention. Optimizing results and lowering the frequency of stroke-related complications in diabetics requires multidisciplinary care. The intricate interactions between diabetes mellitus and stroke are highlighted in this review’s conclusion, which also highlights the value of patient education, risk factor treatment, the effect of antidiabetic therapy on stroke, and integrated care in lowering the incidence of stroke in people with diabetes.

The most frequent infantile tumor is a hemangioma, and its most common complication is ulceration. A quickly progressing ulcer called a hemangioma can also result in secondary infection. The mechanism of ulcer formation is unknown but is thought to develop during the rapid growth phase. Infantile hemangiomas are diagnosed clinically, based on the progression of the lesion's history and a clinical examination. Physical interventions (laser surgery, cryosurgery, excision) and systemic corticosteroids or beta-blockers are the usual course of treatment; all carry the potential for substantial side effects. A two-month young female baby approached us, with a diagnosis of hemangiomatous ulcer. Skin grafting was advised by a plastic surgeon, but the baby's parents approached for Ayurveda treatment. The case was treated with oral medicine bilwadi agada and external treatments vranaprakshalana with triphala kwatha and jatyadi taila local application for 2 months. There was complete healing of the ulcer.

Background: The prevalence of sleep problems is approximately 40% among the general and health-care populations. Post-covid-19 sleep disturbances may persist for a long time and are often precursors of psychiatric disorders and expeditors of many systemic diseases. Studies on sleep quality in COVID-19 patients are considerable but in post-COVID-recovered subjects are scanty. There is no study on sleep quality of such patients in Eastern India. Aims and Objectives: We hypothesize that both sleep disturbances and sleep quality may be affected in subjects in their post-COVID state. Therefore, we planned to study the prevalence of sleep disturbances, sleep quality, severity of insomnia, and the relationship of different parameters with respect to sleep quality. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty COVID-19-recovered patients were administered a pre-structured questionnaire including Pittsburgh sleep quality index and insomnia severity index containing various sleep parameters. Results: Majority of the study participants had sleep disturbances in the form of change in sleep pattern (59.6%), poor sleep quality (77.6%), reduced sleep duration (29.6%), daytime sleepiness (20%), difficulty in sleep initiation (29.6%), and subthreshold insomnia (53.6%). Poor sleep quality was strongly associated with reinfection, change in sleep pattern after infection, sleep pattern alteration during pandemic, and those who felt tired during daytime. Conclusion: This study concludes that a significant number of COVID-19-recovered subjects experienced sleep disturbances including poor sleep quality.

We report a case of Crohn’s disease (CD) presenting as a thromboembolic middle cerebral artery stroke due to a left ventricular (LV) thrombus in a 50-year-old lady. The proinflammatory and procoagulant state reported in CD seems responsible for this. The patient was managed with conservative treatment, but she died quickly. The findings highlight the rare occurrence of LV thrombus in a patient of CD as well as the need for aggressive control of disease activity with disease-modifying drugs at an earlier phase of treatment.

Abstract. Background. Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual condition in which a purple discoloration of urine and bag occurs in people with urinary catheters. People with purple urine usually do not complain of any symptoms. The purple discoloration of the urine bag is often the only finding, frequently noted by caregivers. Materials and methods. This prospective observational study was conducted at our tertiary care institute from June 2018 to May 2020. A total of 46 patients with PUBS were included in this study. The objective of our study was to record the prevalence of each predisposing factor and to correlate the pathological mechanism through which the PUBS is manifested. Results. The mean age of PUBS patients was 67.4years and 67.4% were males. Most patients of PUBS (60.9%) had a urethral catheter, while there was percutaneous nephrostomy in 26.1% patients and 13% patients had a percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy catheter. Among the patients, 69.65% were bedridden or in an institutionalized situation, 73.9% were suffering from chronic constipation, 21.7% were associated with dementia, and 47.8% were cerebrovascular accidents with hemiparesis patients. In addition, 93.5% of patients presented with alkaline urine and 3 patients with acidic urine. The most common bacteria isolated in urine culture were E coli and Pseudomonas. Conclusions. Urinary catheter associated urinary tract infection and PUBS is most commonly documented in females, but our study showed that it is more common in males. The appearance of a purple bag does not depend on the material and type of the catheter or the catheterization method. In addition, no correlation was found between the microorganisms isolated from the environment and patients’ urine.

Background: Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is important as it is reversible if identified and treated early. We present herewith various clinical patterns and drugs commonly causing DIP. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with done at the outpatient neurology services of Aarogyam Neuroclinic, from Durgapur, West Bengal, during January 1, 2021–July 31, 2021. In this study, consecutive patients satisfying the inclusion criteria for DIP were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were: 1. All patients with two of the four cardinal features of parkinsonism – bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural imbalance. 2. There should be a temporal relationship of intake of medications before the onset of symptoms. 3. Exclusion of other causes of parkinsonism. The age, sex, and other demographic characteristics of study population were studied. The pattern of parkinsonism – symmetric, asymmetric, tremor-dominant, or rigidity-dominant was noted. Results: Out of 52 patients studied, 34 (65.38%) were male and 18 (34.61%) were female. The most common age group involved was 60–70 years (30.76%), followed by 70–80 years (26.92%) and 50–60 years (19.23%). The mean age was 60.61 years with a standard deviation of 13.44 years. On analysis of the clinical patterns of parkinsonism, the most common type was tremor-dominant symmetric parkinsonism (53.84%), followed by asymmetric parkinsonism (25%) and akinetic-rigid parkinsonism (21.12%). Orofacial dyskinesias were seen in 17.3% along with parkinsonism. Common drugs associated with DIP were gastrointestinal motility agent levosulpiride (25%), calcium channel blockers such as flunarizine (19.23%), aripiprazole (11.53%), amisulpiride (7.69%), sodium valproate (7.69%), olanzapine (3.8%), and itopride, flupenthixol, and risperidone (1.72%). Forty patients were followed up for 6 months, of which, majority (50%) showed complete recovery, whereas 25% each showed partial or persistent symptoms. Conclusion: DIP is a common disorder with varied presentations. Early diagnosis is crucial for complete recovery.

Introduction: Antiseptics are vital in surgery. Triphala kwatha is being used as a wound-cleaning solution since years and is a known antimicrobial agent against some microbes. Arishtaka is easily available and has lekhana, kusthaghna, and vishanasana properties. Saponin is the main chemical constituent of arishtaka which produces froth. The aim of the study was to formulate an innovative preparation by combining triphala and arishtaka to evaluate its antiseptic and cleansing activity against selected human pathogens and establish it as an antiseptic and cleansing agent. Methods: Three different ratios of Triphala-Arishtaka kwatha (TAK) samples were prepared with different ratios of arishtaka (1:1:1:2[T1], 1:1:1:1[T2], and 1:1:1:0.5[T3]) and were subjected to physicochemical, phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antiseptic studies. Results: Out of the three samples of TAK, T3 showed better results with respect to antiseptic and cleansing properties. Antimicrobial study results showed that the antimicrobial activity of T3 was comparable to that of 5% povidone-iodine (PI) solution and the overall antiseptic activity of T3 is better than that of 5% PI solution. The cleansing activity was assessed by calculating the foaming indexes of the samples and all the samples of the TAK showed a value for more than 10,000, whereas the value for Savlon solution was 1000. Conclusion: Triphala-Arishtaka combination of 1:1:1:0.5(T3) has shown better antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable to that of 5% PI solution. Overall it has also shown better antiseptic activity against S. aureus and E. coli and it has better cleansing activity than Savlon solution.

The increasing significance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models in computer vision tasks has led to their widespread use in industry and academia. However, deploying these models in resource-limited environments, such as IoT devices or embedded GPUs, presents challenges due to increased complexities and resource consumption. This research paper proposes an optimization algorithm called Layer-wise Complexity Reduction Method (LCRM) to address these challenges by converting accuracy-focused CNNs into lightweight models. It evaluates the standard convolution layers and replaces them with the most efficient combination of substitutional convolutions based on the output channel size. The primary goal is to reduce the computational complexity of the parent models and the hardware requirements. We assess the effectiveness of our framework by evaluating its performance on various standard CNN models, including AlexNet, VGG-9, U-Net, and Retinex-Net, for different applications such as image classification, optical character recognition, image segmentation, and image enhancement. Our experimental results show up to a 95% reduction in inference latency and up to 93% reduction in energy consumption when deployed on GPU. Furthermore, we compare the LCRM-optimized CNN models with state-of-the-art CNN optimization methods, including pruning, quantization, clustering, and their four cascaded optimization methods, by deploying them on Raspberry Pi-4. The profiling experiments performed on each model demonstrate that the LCRM-optimized CNN models achieve comparable or better accuracy than the parent models while providing added benefits such as a 62.84% reduction in inference latency on end devices with significant memory compression and complexity reductions.

Introduction: Management of chyluria with initial conservative approach and then using endoscopic sclerotherapy is a mainstay approach. However, a wide range of sclerosants are available with differential success rates and complication rates. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single-dose instillation of 1% povidone iodine for the treatment of chyluria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted on patients with chyluria who did not respond to conservative management with dietary restriction and diethylcarbamazine. The site of chyle efflux was identified by cystoscopy. A 6 Fr ureteral stent was inserted into effluxing side, diluted contrast was injected to delineate the pelvicalyceal system and the pyelolymphatic connection (arborization of the pelvicalyceal system), and a single-dose of 1% povidone iodine was instilled. Patients were observed for loin pain, fever, and disappearance of milky urine postinstillation and followed up at intervals of 3 months for a total duration of 1 year. Results: Of a total 50 patients included, 35 were men and 15 were women, with a mean age of 37 years. Pyelolymphatic connections were noted in 48% of the patients. All patients showed an immediate disappearance of milky urine. During 1-year follow-up, 92% of the patients were symptom-free till the last follow-up while only 8% of the patients experienced recurrence of chyluria which were treated with other treatment modalities. The mean duration of recurrence was 8 weeks. Conclusion: Single dose of 1% povidone iodine was effective in immediate clearance of milky urine and well tolerated in patients with chyluria during 1-year follow-up.

Abstract Background In recent times, the use of thermal papers has increased exponentially and the fingerprints on thermal papers are frequently encountered. Although fingerprint development on paper has been standardized, that on thermal paper is complicated. Thermal papers turn black on the application of heat which poses a problem in the visualization of fingerprints which makes it difficult to visualize. Main body One solution to this problem is to use heat or steam for the development of white fingerprints on darker backgrounds. Second solution might be to dissolve the chemicals present on the surface of the thermal papers using acetone. Many studies to develop fingerprints on thermal papers using iodine fuming, ninhydrin, 1,8-diazofluorene-9-one, and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde have been performed. In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize the problem posed to fingerprint development on thermal papers and the probable solutions attempted by different authors. Conclusion Although the development of fingerprints is difficult on thermal papers, it can be achieved either by subjecting the thermal paper to controlled heat or by removing the temperature-sensitive layer before treating it with other fingerprint development methods.

Abstract Many commentators have acknowledged the fact that the usual courtroom maxim to “tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth” is not so easy to apply in practicality. In any given situation, what does the whole truth include? In case, the whole truth includes all the possible alternatives for a given situation, what should a forensic expert witness do when an important question is not asked by the prosecutor? Does the obligation to tell the whole truth mean that all possible, all probable, all reasonably probable, all highly probable, or only the most probable alternatives must be given in response to a question? In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the various ethical issues in different fields of forensic science, forensic psychology, and forensic DNA databases. Some of the ethical issues are common to all fields whereas some are field specific. These ethical issues are mandatory for ensuring high levels of reliability and credibility of forensic scientists.

In medico-legal cases, most often the personal identity of the deceased is a mystery. The stature, sex and other parameters in such scenarios are ascertained using the physical evidence present at the crime scene. One of the key methods of ascertaining the sex and stature is by using the human bones. The method of achieving accuracy in estimation of stature from bones has been well established in past. There are several regression formulae for conducting such estimation. However, it must be kept in mind that these regression equations can vary depending upon the population and region. Thus, it is very necessary to study a particular population thoroughly before formulating regression equations for that specific population patch. In this paper, we have penned down the study of KORI POPULATION, who are native to Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh state, in India. In this study, we have observed the statistics of 202 individuals (106 females and 96 males). In totality, eight bone dimensions including stature, total arm length, length of the middle finger, knee length, foot length, foot breadth, maximum head length and maximum head breadth have been recorded in this research paper. The regression formulae for females and males have been derived separately. Further, there are various parameters that have been compared to find which parameter provides the best results in terms of accuracy in stature estimation.

In the present study, potential utility of thin layer chromatography to differentiate some common OTC cough–cold preparations was evaluated. Twenty solvent systems were examined from which a solvent systems A comprising methanol:ammonia in the ratio of 100:1.5 (v/v) and B comprising chloroform:methanol in the ratio of 90:10 (v/v) were found to be most suitable as it showed a high degree of separation of different components of these preparations. It was also found that iodine fuming technique is the best visualizing method for examining the TLC chromatograms of these drug samples prior to subsequent instrumental analysis.

Introduction: HIV infection is a common disease in India and a variety of rheumatological manifestations are known to occur in HIV Infection. Rheumatological manifestations are significant cause of morbidity in these patients. Aim: To study the clinical spectrum and prevalence of rheumatologic manifestations in HIV patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with HIV 1 and 2 attending the Infectious disease outpatient department of Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram during the study period (March 2009 to March 2010) were assessed by clinical examination and with relevant laboratory investigations, to diagnose the rheumatological manifestation. Based on the clinical manifestations and investigations a rheumatological diagnosis was made. Patients with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and other pre-diagnosed rheumatologic illness were excluded from the study. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS IBM Statistics 17.0 version and chi-square test. Results: Out of 385 patients, 161 (41.8%) of HIV patients were in the 30-39 years age group. Male and female were 225 (58.4%) and 160 (41.6%) respectively. A total of 276 (71.7%) patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Disease duration of 1-5 year in 174 (45.19%),

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory, chronic, and nonspecific disease occurred usually in the rectum and the entire colon. The etiopathology is probably related to dysregulation of the mucosal immune response toward the resident bacterial flora together with genetic and environmental factors. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms. Herbal medicine includes a wide range of practices and therapies outside the realms of conventional Western medicine. However, there are limited controlled evidences indicating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, such as aloe vera gel, wheat grass juice, Boswellia serrata, and bovine colostrum enemas in the treatment of UC. Although herbal medicines are not devoid of risk, they could still be safer than synthetic drugs. The potential benefits of herbal medicine could lie in their high acceptance by patients, efficacy, relative safety, and relatively low cost. Patients worldwide seem to have adopted herbal medicine in a major way, and the efficacy of herbal medicine has been tested in hundreds of clinical trials in the management of UC. The evidences on herbal medicine are incomplete, complex, and confusing, and certainly associated with both risks and benefits. There is a need for further controlled clinical trials of the potential efficacy of herbal medicine approaches in the treatment of UC, together with enhanced legislation to maximize their quality and safety.

In this research paper, an inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) for three phase three wire (3P3W) electric power distribution system (EPDS) is proposed. The contraction of power quality (PQ) was marked as a perilous droop mode bump into direct coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM). To regain the PQ, inductive coupling transformer is assisted in conjunction with DC-DSTATCOM. The system equivalent circuit of IC-DSTATCOM is accomplished by take into account of impedance of both transformer and DC-DSTATCOM to reveal the filtering technique. The filtering icosØ mechanism is performed by following the generalized mathematical approach using MATLAB/Simulink. A case education is reviewed in detail to illustrate the performance of both DC-DSTATCOM and IC-DSTATCOM. The IC-DSTATCOM is amplified healthier as compared to other in terms of harmonics shortening, good power factor, load balancing, and potential regulation. To examine the effectiveness, simulation outputs of the IC-DSTATCOM with different PQ parameter indices are presented by following the benchmark measure of IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 system code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study explains the feasibility of implementing machine learning (ML) oriented inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) for power quality (PQ) enhancement. The issue involved in declining the power quality (PQ) using direct coupled static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) was identified as a hazardous disappointment. Hence, to improve the quality, coupling transformer is served in unification with DCDSTATCOM. Also, the recent growth of machine learning (ML) systems and progression of computational resources, with unpredicted data obtainability, has inspired the researchers. In this study, density based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) is employed by using its own learning mechanism (LM) using MATLAB/Simulink. This controller contains six subnets. Among them, six subnets are employed for active tuned weight extraction whereas other three subnets are used for reactive part. Moreover, the abovesaid devices are triggered with the help of generated reference supply current. A case education is reviewed in detail to demonstrate the operation of both DC-DSTATCOM & IC-DSTATCOM. Finally, the IC-DSTATCOM is amplified healthier as compared to other in terms of harmonics shortening, upgrading in power factor, load balancing, and potential regulation etc. To examine the effectiveness, simulation outputs of the IC-DSTATCOM is presented by following the benchmark measure of IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 grid code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is a popular technique of public-key cryptography used for secure communications in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this study, the implementation and analyze the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) with NIST-256 on MicroBlaze processors based on RISC-V architecture. This implementation aims to enhance secure communication and data exchange between IoT devices and also provides a detailed account of our ECDSA implementation on a RISC-V processor and evaluates its performance, achieving a reduction of 11.8% in execution time compared to existing techniques. The implementation takes 483 clock cycles and utilizes approximately 4096 bytes of memory. These results demonstrate that ECDSA can be efficiently implemented on RISC-V processors, making it a promising option for secure communication in IoT applications. Furthermore, the study highlights specific security considerations critical to implementing ECC on RISC-V processors, ensuring robust and reliable security in IoT environments.