Search

Statistics Indonesia (BPS) provides employment data through the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS). SAKERNAS data collection is carried out quarterly under a rotating panel survey with a sample unit of the rotation group. Our study focuses on the Rao-Yu unit level model and its modifications. The modified Rao-Yu unit level model is required to handle pseudo panel units i.e., the units are replaced by the summary of units in the rotation group. In this context, these units are referred to as pseudo units. A modification was made by adding a measurement error pseudo unit into the Rao-Yu unit level model. The simulation study showed that the greater variance between areas, the better the capability of Rao-Yu pseudo unit level model compared with the Rao-Yu unit level model in estimating the parameters of interest. Our method proposal was applied to data on the quarterly unemployment rate at the district/city level in one of Indonesia's provinces according to the 2011-2014 SAKERNAS panel rotation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although not without criticism, carbon pricing has been identified as a key instrument to support the energy transition process, as it can convey the signal of the actual cost of carbon in relative prices. However, when price and tax elasticities are considered separately, the international literature has shown that energy demand may be more sensitive to changes in tax rates. We estimate gasoline and diesel demand elasticities for Italian households using a dynamic model on a custom-built pseudo-panel. Our results confirm that household demand for transport fuels is more sensitive to the tax component than to the oil price, controlling for income level, age and cohort effects. These results have important implications for the potential effectiveness of transport fuel taxation in setting the decarbonisation pathway: a lower tax rate is required to achieve the target than that assumed on the basis of gross price elasticities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates households' car ownership decisions in response to changes in vehicle quota control and transport infrastructure in Singapore. Unlike previous cross-sectional studies, we calibrate a dynamic car ownership model with a pseudo panel constructed from repeated cross-sectional travel surveys, controlling for the persistence of car ownership and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that the tightening of vehicle quota control and improved rail transit accessibility have reduced households' desire to purchase cars. The long-run effect of these two policies is larger than their short-run effect due to the existence of true state dependence. The impact of expressway-network expansion is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to Britain's highly-resourced private schools matters because of concerns surrounding social mobility. Using the UK Family Resources Survey, we document a high and mostly stable income concentration of private school access since 1997. Nevertheless, some low-income participation persists. Bursaries are income-progressive but cannot account for this participation. Housing wealth is, however, found to be greater for private school participants. We estimate that a 10 per cent rise of family income and home value raises private school participation by 0.9 points, respectively. Neither effect changes over time. The income effect, however, falls sharply outside the top income decile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of gender inequality in education on females' labor force participation in 14 major cities (rapidly urbanizing areas) of Pakistan after taking into account the socio-economic indicators like the marital status of female, the gender of the head of household, physical facilities, the median income of the household, etc. Data were gathered from the Pakistan Social Standard of Living Measurement Survey from 2004-05 to 2011-12. Pseudo Panel technique was applied using cities and females in the age group 15-65 as cohorts. Graphical representation and fixed effect techniques were used for analyzing the issue. On the basis of the results, the study recommends some policies such as education facilities, especially, technical, vocational, and job-oriented education should be provided to the females on an equal basis. Females should be given equal opportunities as males, there should be laws to eliminate wage differential. Women's participation in the manufacturing and trade sectors should be encouraged. Moreover, facilities for married women such as day-care centers should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing literature uses repeated cross-section surveys to derive 'synthetic panel' data estimates of poverty dynamics statistics. It builds on the pioneering study by Dang et al. ('DLLM', Journal of Development Economics, 2014) providing bounds estimates and the innovative refinement proposed by Dang and Lanjouw ('DL', World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6504, 2013) providing point estimates of the statistics of interest. We provide new evidence about the accuracy of synthetic panel estimates relative to benchmarks based on estimates derived from genuine household panel data, employing high quality data from Australia and Britain, while also examining the sensitivity of results to a number of analytical choices. For these two high-income countries we show that DL-method point estimates are distinctly less accurate than estimates derived in earlier validity studies, all of which focus on low- and middle-income countries. We also demonstrate that estimate validity depends on choices such as the age of the household head (defining the sample), the poverty line level, and the years analyzed. DLLM parametric bounds estimates virtually always include the true panel estimates, though the bounds can be wide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atlantic Review of Economics / Revista Atlántica de Economía is the property of Colegio de Economistas de La Coruna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este documento tiene por objetivo analizar, durante 1995-2014, la interrelación entre la calidad del empleo en el mercado de trabajo de las medianas y grandes empresas y del sector público (MGEySP) y las variables macroeconómicas, laborales e institucionales que la literatura considera como sus principales factores determinantes. Para ello se utiliza la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares que permite seguir a 50 cohortes de individuos y se implementa el método de VAR. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con la hipótesis de segmentación. La tasa de informalidad laboral se mueve en forma contraria al ciclo económico mientras que la tasa de empleos de calidad es procíclica. También se aprecia una relación positiva entre el índice de apertura comercial y la tasa de empleos de calidad y negativa con la tasa de informalidad laboral. Pero los costes de contratación y las instituciones laborales incrementan los empleos informales y reducen las ocupaciones de mayor calidad.

I address the link between democracy and inequality in Latin America, analyzing whether the degree of democracy that birth cohorts experience during the course of their formative years is related to labor income dispersion later, in adulthood. For this, I measure inequality at the cohort level by using pseudo-panel data built from household surveys for fifteen Latin American countries (from circa 1995 to circa 2011) and measure democracy as the discounted cumulative value of the degree of democracy during the cohort's formative years. I find that cohorts that have higher discounted cumulative values of the degree of democracy show lower income inequality. However, the effect of democracy on income dispersion is driven by those cohorts that benefited from the surge of democracies that came to exist during the second half of the twentieth century. I also present suggestive evidence that education is one mechanism explaining these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a pseudo-panel data approach to analyze the relationship between the consumptions of cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee in a rational addiction framework. We find that while cigarette and coffee demands fit well with the rational addiction model, alcohol demand conforms to a model with inventory effects. The results suggest that alcohol consumption increases the marginal utility derived from consumption of cigarettes. Increasing alcohol prices would decrease not only the consumption of alcohol, but also the consumption of cigarettes. On the other hand, increasing cigarette prices do not have the same effect on consumption of alcohol. The cross-price elasticity of coffee with respect to cigarette price is positive and significant which suggests that coffee substitutes for cigarettes when cigarette prices increase. The cross-price elasticity of alcohol with respect to coffee price is found to be negative and significant. On the other hand, Morishima elasticities of substitution indicate that cigarette, alcohol and coffee substitute each other along the indifference curve when relative prices change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La técnicade pseudo-panel es utilizada para estimar los rendimientos a la educación en Costa Rica. Este enfoque disminuye el sesgo de “habilidad” debido a la correlación entre el nivel de educación y características no observables del individuo. Encontramos que los rendimientos a la educación incrementan a medida que la muestra utilizada incluya personas de mayor edad. Una vez que estudiamos los rendimientos a la educación -para diferentes muestras y utilizando diferentes estimadores- analizamos su relación con los efectos año, cohorte y edad de Deaton. Encontramos que el ingreso de cohortes jóvenes es mayor que el ingreso de cohortes viejas, una vez que hemos controlado por la experiencia y las fluctuaciones económicas. Esta diferencia en el ingreso entre generaciones es explicada por los diferentes niveles de educación.Otros factores que difieren entre generaciones parecen ser de menor importancia para explicar dicha diferencia en ingresos. Finalmente, presentamos evidencia preliminar que sugiere que las fluctuaciones de corto plazo en el PIB afectan en mayor medida a aquellos con menor educación.