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Fanlingzi Shen,1,2,* Yu Song,3,* Yan Qiang,1,* Xiangjin Gao,1 Siyuan Li,2 Rui Zhang,1 Zhongzhi Gao,1 Bin Li,1 Wencheng Jiang,4 Ruiping Wang1,2 1Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wencheng Jiang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China, Email drjiangwencheng@163.com Ruiping Wang, Clinical Research & Innovation Transformation Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China, Email w19830901@126.comPurpose: Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are positively associated with psoriasis prevalence and disease severity. Researches focusing on the influence of smoking and drinking on the treatment efficacy of psoriasis are still limited, especially their interaction effect. This study aims to explore the interactive effects of smoking and drinking on the treatment efficacy in psoriasis patients.Patients and Methods: From 2021 to 2022, we recruited 560 patients with psoriasis from Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital. Demographic and clinical features as well as treatment efficacy were collected through questionnaire interview and physical examination during patient’s hospital visit at week 0, week 4 and week 8. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influence of smoking and drinking on the treatment efficacy in psoriasis patients, and multiplicative and additive interaction models were used to verify the interaction effect of smoking and drinking on the treatment efficacy.Results: The prevalence of smoking and drinking among psoriasis patients was respectively 43.8% and 25.4%, and 19.6% of them with both smoking and drinking. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with smoking (OR=7.78, 95% CI: 5.26~11.49) and drinking (OR=5.21, 95% CI: 3.29~8.27) had higher risk of experiencing the failure to achieve PASI75 at week 8, even with the adjustment of confounders. Moreover, multiplicative as well as additive model showed that tobacco smoking interacted with alcohol drinking which influenced the treatment efficacy more severely (OR=12.74, 95% CI: 7.16~22.67). The proportion of PASI75 achievement in female patients (OR=19.54) and patients with methotrexate (OR=28.31) and biologics (OR=21.61) were more likely being affected by smoking and drinking.Conclusion: Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking could increase the failure of PASI75 achievement in patients with psoriasis, individually and interactively. We recommend that dermatologists should educate patients to pay attention to the negative effects of smoking and drinking, encourage them to quit, and thus improve the treatment efficacy.Keywords: psoriasis, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, interaction, additive model, multiplicative model

Jing Fan,1,2,* Shiyuan Li,3,* Yan Qiang,1,* Zhen Duan,3 Albert Wu,2 Ruiping Wang1– 3 1Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ruiping Wang, Email w19830901@126.comIntroduction: Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative process involving both healthcare providers and patients in making medical decisions, which gains increasing prominence in healthcare practice. But evidence on the level of SDM in medical practice and barriers as well as stimulus during the SDM implementation among aesthetic dermatologists is limited in China.Methods: From July to August 2023, 1938 dermatologists were recruited online in China. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire covering: (1) demographic features; (2) SDM questionnaire physician version (SDM-Q-Doc); and (3) stimulus and barriers in SDM implementation. Logistic regression was applied to explore factors associated with SDM practice, barriers, and stimulus of SDM implementation, respectively.Results: The 1938 dermatologists included 1329 females (68.6%), with an average age of 35 years. The total SDM score ranged from 0 to 45, with a median value of 40 (IQR: 35– 44), and the median stimulus score and barriers scores were 28 (IQR: 24– 32) and 19 (IQR: 13– 26), respectively. The prevalence of good SDM was 27.2%, logistic regression indicated that female dermatologists (odds ratio, OR=1.21, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.96– 1.51), and dermatologists with more years of aesthetic practice had a higher proportion of good SDM practice (OR was 1.44 for 5– 9 years, 1.58 for 10– 15 years and 1.77 for over 15 years). Moreover, female dermatologists and dermatologists with higher education level and serviced in private settings had lower barrier scores; female dermatologists and dermatologists with more years of aesthetic practice had higher stimulus scores.Conclusion: Chinese aesthetic dermatologists appear to implement SDM at an active level, with more stimulus and less barriers in SDM implementation. The integration of SDM into clinical practice among dermatologists is beneficial both for patients and dermatologists. Moreover, SDM practice should be strongly promoted and enhanced during medical aesthetics, especially among male dermatologists, dermatologists with less working experience, and those who work at public institutions.Keywords: shared decision making, dermatologist, good practice, barriers, stimulus

The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2 characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.

Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

In the original PDF online version of this article, the references 22–26 were missing.These are the missing references.

Measurements of elastic electron scattering data within the past decade have highlighted two-photon exchange contributions as a necessary ingredient in theoretical calculations to precisely evaluate hydrogen elastic scattering cross sections. This correction can modify the cross section at the few percent level. In contrast, dispersive effects can cause significantly larger changes from the Born approximation. The purpose of this experiment is to extract the carbon-12 elastic cross section around the first diffraction minimum, where the Born term contributions to the cross section are small to maximize the sensitivity to dispersive effects. The analysis uses the LEDEX data from the high resolution Jefferson Lab Hall A spectrometers to extract the cross sections near the first diffraction minimum of 12C at beam energies of 362 MeV and 685 MeV. The results are in very good agreement with previous world data, although with less precision. The average deviation from a static nuclear charge distribution expected from linear and quadratic fits indicate a 30.6% contribution of dispersive effects to the cross section at 1 GeV. The magnitude of the dispersive effects near the first diffraction minimum of 12C has been confirmed to be large with a strong energy dependence and could account for a large fraction of the magnitude for the observed quenching of the longitudinal nuclear response. These effects could also be important for nuclei radii extracted from parity-violating asymmetries measured near a diffraction minimum.

Qi Zheng,1,* Le Kuai,2,* Wencheng Jiang,1,* Yan Qiang,3 Lei Wei,2 Siting Chen,2 Bin Li,1 Ruiping Wang3,4 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Research and Innovation Transformation Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Li; Ruiping Wang, Email 18930568129@163.com; w19830901@126.comBackground: Gender difference is prevalent in clinical feature, disease severity for noncommunicable diseases (NCD), but studies on gender disparity in clinical feature, disease severity and NCD comorbidity among psoriasis patients are limited. This cross-sectional study explores gender differences in clinical feature, lifestyle behavior and NCD comorbidity among psoriasis patients.Methods: Psoriasis patients were recruited through cluster survey method in two hospitals, and questionnaire interviews were applied to collect the demographic feature, lifestyle habits, clinical feature and NCD among patients.Results: A total of 2102 psoriasis patients included 1332 males (63.4%), 70% were over 35 years old and approximately 50% of them were overweight or obesity. The median value for psoriasis initiation age and disease duration was 33 years old (34 for male and 32 for female) and 9 years (10 for male and 7 for female), respectively. The psoriasis recurrence was mainly in winter (73.4%) and autumn (34.2%) both for patients. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking was 31.2% and 12.6%. Male patients had higher prevalence of tobacco smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 13.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.54– 18.44) and alcohol drinking (OR = 14.44, 95% CI: 7.90– 26.40). The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome were 13.2%, 28.5%, 23.4% and 21.5%, respectively. Male patients had higher prevalence of diabetes (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16– 2.02), hypertension (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.52– 2.30), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.85– 2.95) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63– 2.62) than female patients. The proportions for 4 types of NCDs diagnosed after psoriasis onset were over 58%, which were also higher in males than females.Conclusion: Female patients had shorter disease duration and with less NCD, and male patients had more body weight issue, with fewer sleep time and higher prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking and NCDs. We recommend that dermatologist should notice the gender disparity in psoriasis patients, which is helpful for the disease diagnosis and treatment.Keywords: psoriasis, gender disparity, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, overweight, metabolic diseases, comorbidity

Experimental cross sections for the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction up to a missingmomentum of 0.632 GeV/$c$ at $x_B=1.24$ and $Q^2$=2(GeV/$c$)$^2$ are reported.The data are compared to Relativistic Distorted Wave ImpulseApproximation(RDWIA) calculations for $^4He(e,e'p)^3H$ channel. Significantlymore events in the triton mass region are measured for $p_{m}$$>$0.45 GeV/$c$than are predicted by the theoretical model, suggesting that the effects ofinitial-state multi-nucleon correlations are stronger than expected by theRDWIA model.

We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive He4/He3 cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs.

Ruiping Wang,1,* Qiong Yang,2,* Ting Sun,3,* Yan Qiang,1,* Xiaopan Li,4 Huan Li,3 Yue Tang,3 Liang Yang,5 Jie Sun,5 Bin Li1 1Clinical Research & Innovation Transformation Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Office of Public Health, Songjiang Fang Song Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Pudong District Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Women Health, Jing’an Institute of Maternal and Child Health-Care, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ruiping WangClinical Research & Innovation Transformation Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of ChinaFax +86-21-3680 3000Email w19830901@126.comBin LiClinical Research & Innovation Transformation Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail l8930568129@126.comObjective: Physical exercise during pregnancy is beneficial to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but evidence on the association between physical exercise and glycemic control among women with GDM is limited in China. We conducted this study to understand the total exercise times, the percentage of abnormal plasma glucose (PG), and to explore if longer physical exercise is positively associated with a lower percentage of abnormal PG among GDM women.Methods: During 2019 and 2020, we established a prospective cohort with 1,050 GDM women recruited. GDM was confirmed by a diagnostic 75g OGTT, and plasma glucose in over 10 hours overnight fasting and 2-hour after breakfast was implemented during a routine antenatal checkup. Information for demographic features and physical exercises among GDM women were collected by questionnaire interviews, and abnormal PG percentage was calculated as abnormal PG times divided by total PG test times.Results: Among 1,050 GDM women, the percentage of exercise times < 150 minutes/week, < 30 minutes/day and < 60 minutes/day was 17.33%, 26.57%, and 54.10%, respectively. The median percentage of abnormal PG was 40% (IQR=20– 70%). GDM women with less exercise had a higher abnormal PG percentage (y=0.0049x2-1.20x+88.96), ORs for women with exercise < 150 minutes/week were 3.78 (95% CI=1.33– 8.25), 6.97 (3.45– 14.07), and 6.39 (3.61– 11.33) compared with ≥ 150 minutes/week, and ORs for women with exercise < 60 minutes/day were 4.62 (2.71– 8.14), 3.58 (2.60– 4.93), and 7.28 (4.31– 12.30) compared with ≥ 60 minutes/day in groups divided by quartiles of P25, P50 and P75, respectively.Conclusion: This study indicated high physical exercise times and abnormal PG percentage among women with GDM in Shanghai, China. GDM women with more exercise times had a lower percentage of abnormal PG, especially when exercise times were ≥ 60 minutes/day, and supplementary treatments should be provided for women with over 70% abnormal plasma glucose.Keywords: physical exercise, gestational diabetes mellitus, prospective cohort, association, glycemic control, abnormal plasma glucose

Iron oxide films were produced using ion-beam-assisted deposition, and Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction indicate single-phase magnetite. However, incorporation of significant fractions of argon in the films from ion bombardment is evident from chemical analysis, and Fe/O ratios are lower than expected from pure magnetite, suggesting greater than normal disorder. Low temperature magnetometry and first-order reversal curve measurements show strong exchange bias, which likely arises from defects at grain boundaries, possibly amorphous, creating frustrated spins. Since these samples contain grains ∼6 nm, a large fraction of the material consists of grain boundaries, where spins are highly disordered and reverse independently with external field.

A cluster deposition method was used to produce films of loosely aggregated nanoclusters (NCs) of Fe core-Fe3O4 shell or fully oxidized Fe3O4. Films of these NC on Si(100) or MgO(100)/Fe3O4(100) were irradiated to 1016 Si2+/cm2 near room temperature using an ion accelerator. Ion irradiation creates structural change in the NC film with corresponding chemical and magnetic changes which depend on the initial oxidation state of the cluster. Films were characterized using magnetometry (hysteresis, first order reversal curves), microscopy (transmission electron, helium ion), and x-ray diffraction. In all cases, the particle sizes increased due to ion irradiation, and when a core of Fe is present, irradiation reduces the oxide shells to lower valent Fe species. These results show that ion irradiated behavior of the NC films depends strongly on the initial nanostructure and chemistry, but in general saturation magnetization decreases slightly. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

OBJECTIVE: The association between sleep status and lung adenocarcinoma risk was analyzed using long-term follow-up data from 60,443 patients over the period 2016-2022 to provide a reference for exploring the association between sleep status and lung adenocarcinoma development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on longterm follow-up data, a total of 60,443 people were included. Sleep data collected for the study included insomnia symptoms, lunch break habits, and sleep duration. A sleep score (0-3) was constructed based on difficulty falling asleep, premature awakening and sleep duration. Proportional risk regression models were used to analyze the association between each sleep factor, sleep score and lung cancer risk. RESULTS: The study population was followed up for 9.9 ± 4.8 years and a total of 307 cases of lung adenocarcinoma were first recorded during the follow-up period. After controlling for potential confounders, the risk ratios (HR) for lung adenocarcinoma in those with difficulties going asleep or waking up too early were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01-1.11), respectively, compared to those without symptoms of insomnia. The HR for lung adenocarcinoma in those with less than 7 h of sleep [HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21)] was compared to those with = 7 h of sleep per day. Compared to those with a sleep score of 3 (highest quality sleep), those with a sleep score of 2, 1 and 0 corresponded to HR of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.12), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.09-1.18) and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01-1.32) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who suffer from insomnia or have a short sleep schedule are at increased risk of developing lung cell cancer. Sleep has an important impact on health and improving sleep conditions can reduce the incidence of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Yunnan, China, is a central tobacco-producing region with a large smoking population and an increasing incidence of lung cancer in recent years. This study aimed to understand the incidence of lung cancer and the characteristics of lung nodules on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans of the chest in a long-term smoking population in Kunming. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Long-term smokers in Kunming who were not at risk of evident lung disease symptoms were recruited through recommendation and publicity by the Kunming University of Science and Technology. RESULTS: Among 375 cases eligible for inclusion,14 cases of lung cancer were detected with a detection rate of 3.73% (95% CI: 2.55%-4.27%), including one case of squamous carcinoma, one case of small cell lung cancer, seven cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung and five cases of early-stage lung cancer (35.71%). In the group of < 6 mm solid nodules and < 5 mm non-solid nodules, no lung cancer was detected in 201 cases; lung cancer was detected in 14 cases in 61 cases, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The lung cancer detection rate in long-term smokers was high, with the type predominantly adenocarcinoma and a high incidence of lung nodules, and increased when solid nodules≥6 mm or non-solid nodules ≥ 5 mm were present. It is recommended that screening for lung cancer by LDCT of the chest be introduced in the male smoking population who meet the risk factors and that screening for lung cancer in women should be redefined as a high-risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability assessment of a large power system in real-time is very necessary after it encounters fault. The paper proposes a new model (SVM-GDPSO) for assessing the large power system. In order to enhance SVM, taking tangent vector of power flow Jacobian (PFJ) as the goal of machine learning was used for improving the precision. Besides, particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Gaussian disturbance (GD) is taken for setting the key parameters of SVM, and metalearning was utilized to decrease the search space of PSO. The experiment on the standard test system of IEEE 118-bus demonstrated that this model could reflect the status of large power system in time. Besides, the method could locate the fault area and rank the fault level by the observation of critical bus. The proposed method has the reliability rate 97.22 %, which is superior to the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and SVM-GA, as well as determines the fault area with the success rate of 96.61 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One neutron transfer cross sections from the interaction of 9Be with 89Y have been measured at energies greater than the fusion barrier. The present measured 1n-transfer cross sections saturate at well above energies in comparison with the available experimental data at lower energies. Results of Coupled Reaction Channels Calculations (CRC) show very good agreement with the present measured cross sections.

The traditional lane change warning method is time-consuming and low success rate. A lane change warning method based on radar ranging is proposed. Based on the principle of Doppler radar, the distance between static vehicle and dynamic vehicle around the target vehicle is judged and measured. According to the lane line coordinate parameters, the distance between the target vehicle and the left and right lane lines is calculated, and the vehicle turning and lane changing time is calculated by combining the speed and road condition information at this time. If the lane change time is longer than the safety threshold time, the lane change warning is enabled. Experimental results show that the method has a high success rate of early warning, with an average success rate of 98.22%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FePt clusters are synthesized with a gas-aggregation technique, in which magnetron sputtering is used in the source and the x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and magnetometry are used to characterize their nanostructure and magnetic properties. The results indicate that the addition of Ag underlayer lowers L1(sub 0) ordering temperature and increases the coercivity of the cluster films significantly.

Predicting landslide displacement is of great significance in geotechnical engineering. An iteration-based combined prediction method was proposed for predicting the landslide displacement in this paper. Firstly, the landslide displacement was predicted by 10 latest multivariable grey models, and then the final landslide displacement prediction value was obtained through an iteration-based combined strategy. Concurrently, the reliability of the quadratic programming-based combined prediction method (QPCPM) and the iteration-based combined prediction method (ICPM) was rigorously proved in this paper. In addition, the inapplicability conditions of the optimal weight-based combined prediction method (OWCPM) were pointed out. ICPM could be regarded as a simplified version of QPCPM. The Bazimen and Baishuihe landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China were used as numerical examples to elaborate the performance of ICPM. This paper also demonstrated the reliability of ICPM by considering the effects of rainfall and reservoir water level on landslide displacement. Overall, ICPM features in simple and easy calculation and has rosy engineering application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dyes and molecular catalysts co-adsorbed on a metal oxide substrate are widely employed for water-splitting photoelectrodes. In this manuscript, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate interactions between a coumarin dye and a molecular catalyst on the nickel oxide substrate in an experimentally verified water-splitting photocathode. The nanoscopic interfacial structures and interfacial charge transfer properties of dye/catalyst/metal oxide hybrid systems in the water-splitting photocathode are elucidated. In particular, the intermolecular hydrogen bond and the substrate-to-catalyst electron transfer stabilize the interfacial structure. The present study helps the fundamental understanding of water-splitting photoelectrodes co-adsorbed with organic dyes and molecular catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family of wide-band-gap ternary oxide ferromagnetic semiconductor films with high transition metal concentration was prepared. The resistivity of these films can be changed up to four orders of magnitude by varying the composition or the concentration of the oxygen vacancies. Moreover, all these films show common features in electrical transport, i.e., Mott variable range hopping (VRH) in the lower resistivity range, Efros VRH in the middle resistivity range, and “hard gap” resistance in the higher resistivity range. The above phenomena are well understood by considering the relative magnitude of three characterization lengths, i.e., Coulomb screening length, localization length of the carriers, and optimal hopping distance. Furthermore, spin polarization ratio of these magnetic semiconductors was obtained by fitting the experimental results of electrical transport. Therefore, the wide gap oxide ferromagnetic semiconductors with controllable spin-polarized electrical transport are expected to have application in spintronics devices as a spin injection source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spark plasma sintering technique is employed to explain the structure, as well as the magnetic properties of the bulk nanocrystalline [Tm.sub.2][([Co.sub.1 - x][Fe.sub.x]).sub.17] permanent magnet. Optimal annealing is shown to lead to a sharp increase in the coercivity of the sintered magnet.