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Purpose: Globally, Colombia is recognized as a coffee-growing country par excellence, which entails generating a large amount of coffee waste. This narrative study aims to review the possible use of such coffee waste to obtain nutrient-rich compost following key composting processes. The final is to investigate the importance and suitability of this compost type. Method: The data collected for this study were from reviewing the scientific literature and research reports available in many reputable academic databases, i.e., Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. Reputable academic search engines like Google Scholar and ResearchGate were used to access relevant research and high-quality scientific documents. Results: The result revealed that using combinations of agro-industrial coffee waste when composted can be applied in agriculture because it provides wide-ranging nutrients, which can fertilize soil, accelerate plant growth, and even improve the nutrient content of vegetables. The SCGs used in agriculture prevent improper waste disposal by decreasing the pollution caused by the degradation of SCGs’ toxic components. Here we explore and review composting processes containing coffee waste. Conclusion: Employing coffee waste for compost implies benefits compared to landfills. The conversion of this coffee biomass waste into compost, and using it as a soil amendment, can reduce the waste volume, improve soil physico-chemical properties, enhance the nutrient use efficiency of crops, and correct the typical soil acidity of Colombian soils used for coffee production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Globally, Colombia is recognized as a coffee-growing country par excellence, which entails generating a large amount of coffee waste. This narrative study aims to review the possible use of such coffee waste to obtain nutrient-rich compost following key composting processes. The final is to investigate the importance and suitability of this compost type. Method: The data collected for this study were from reviewing the scientific literature and research reports available in many reputable academic databases, i.e., Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. Reputable academic search engines like Google Scholar and ResearchGate were used to access relevant research and high-quality scientific documents. Results: The result revealed that using combinations of agro-industrial coffee waste when composted can be applied in agriculture because it provides wide-ranging nutrients, which can fertilize soil, accelerate plant growth, and even improve the nutrient content of vegetables. The SCGs used in agriculture prevent improper waste disposal by decreasing the pollution caused by the degradation of SCGs’ toxic components. Here we explore and review composting processes containing coffee waste. Conclusion: Employing coffee waste for compost implies benefits compared to landfills. The conversion of this coffee biomass waste into compost, and using it as a soil amendment, can reduce the waste volume, improve soil physico-chemical properties, enhance the nutrient use efficiency of crops, and correct the typical soil acidity of Colombian soils used for coffee production. Highlights · Colombia is recognized as the coffee-growing country par excellence. · The coffee agro-industry generates large quantities of solid waste. · Composting coffee biomass waste can act as soil amendment and enhances physico-chemical properties. · Composting is a highly effective remedy for environmental issues.

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Globally, Colombia is recognized as a coffee-growing country par excellence, which entails generating a large amount of coffee waste. This narrative study aims to review the possible use of such coffee waste to obtain nutrient-rich compost following key composting processes. The final is to investigate the importance and suitability of this compost type. Method: The data collected for this study were from reviewing the scientific literature and research reports available in many reputable academic databases, i.e., Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. Reputable academic search engines like Google Scholar and ResearchGate were used to access relevant research and high-quality scientific documents. Results: The result revealed that using combinations of agro-industrial coffee waste when composted can be applied in agriculture because it provides wide-ranging nutrients, which can fertilize soil, accelerate plant growth, and even improve the nutrient content of vegetables. The SCGs used in agriculture prevent improper waste disposal by decreasing the pollution caused by the degradation of SCGsâ toxic components. Here we explore and review composting processes containing coffee waste. Conclusion: Employing coffee waste for compost implies benefits compared to landfills. The conversion of this coffee biomass waste into compost, and using it as a soil amendment, can reduce the waste volume, improve soil physico-chemical properties, enhance the nutrient use efficiency of crops, and correct the typical soil acidity of Colombian soils used for coffee production.

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overall, combating food waste necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes education, infrastructure, and policy change. By working together to implement these strategies, we can help reduce the negative impacts of food waste and create a more sustainable and equitable food system. The sustained supply of nutrient-rich agrifood commodities is seriously threatened by inefficiencies caused by agricultural losses, which must be addressed. As per the statistical data given by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, nearly 33.33% of the food that is produced for utilization is wasted and frittered away on a global level, which can be estimated as a loss of 1.3 billion metric tons per annum, which includes 30% cereals, 20% dairy products 35% seafood and fish, 45% fruits and vegetables, and 20% of meat. This review summarizes the various types of waste originating from various segments of the food industry, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy, marine, and brewery, also focusing on their potential for developing commercially available value-added products such as bioplastics, bio-fertilizers, food additives, antioxidants, antibiotics, biochar, organic acids, and enzymes. The paramount highlights include food waste valorization, which is a sustainable yet profitable alternative to waste management, and harnessing Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technology to minimize food waste. Detail of sustainability and feasibility of food waste-derived metabolic chemical compounds, along with the market outlook and recycling of food wastes, have been elucidated in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With increased demand of asphalt pavement and limited binder and aggregate supply, the reutilisation of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has gained more attention in pavement engineering from the environmental, sustainable, and economic views. Given this background, this study aims to classify and reutilise the recycled asphalt binder collected from Norwegian fields used for new asphalt pavement. For this purpose, three RAP binders (namely RAP-1, RAP-2, and RAP-3) extracted from the recycled asphalt pavement were categorised into two types of asphalt binders by comparing them with fresh asphalt binder 70/100 and long-term aged asphalt binder in terms of the physical, chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties. The specific treatments for the two types of RAP binder were proposed: Direct application of RAP-1 and RAP-2 binders as a replacement for fresh asphalt binder; and restoring RAP-3 binder by 4% rejuvenator to the same level as a fresh asphalt binder. Finally, the feasibility of three treated RAP binders for asphalt pavement was evaluated by analysing asphalt mixture performance. The results suggested that the three RAP binders can be applied to new asphalt pavements after proper treatments.

TiO2_Pd prepared by the incipient wet impregnation (IWI) method was successfully used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of an emerging water pollutant, clofibric acid (CA). It exhibits an improved photoactivity in comparison with different commercial titania in the degradation of CA (25 ppm). The irradiation intensity, photocatalyst dose, CA concentration and influence of water quality and of some salts in the reaction medium were systematically examined to understand their effects on the process efficiency. A total pollutant decomposition and a high mineralization yield (78%) were achieved in 50 and 190 min, respectively, in the optimal conditions, which is very promising for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall, combating food waste necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes education, infrastructure, and policy change. By working together to implement these strategies, we can help reduce the negative impacts of food waste and create a more sustainable and equitable food system. The sustained supply of nutrient-rich agrifood commodities is seriously threatened by inefficiencies caused by agricultural losses, which must be addressed. As per the statistical data given by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, nearly 33.33% of the food that is produced for utilization is wasted and frittered away on a global level, which can be estimated as a loss of 1.3 billion metric tons per annum, which includes 30% cereals, 20% dairy products 35% seafood and fish, 45% fruits and vegetables, and 20% of meat. This review summarizes the various types of waste originating from various segments of the food industry, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy, marine, and brewery, also focusing on their potential for developing commercially available value-added products such as bioplastics, bio-fertilizers, food additives, antioxidants, antibiotics, biochar, organic acids, and enzymes. The paramount highlights include food waste valorization, which is a sustainable yet profitable alternative to waste management, and harnessing Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technology to minimize food waste. Detail of sustainability and feasibility of food waste-derived metabolic chemical compounds, along with the market outlook and recycling of food wastes, have been elucidated in this review.

Copyright of Angles: French Perspectives on the Anglophone World is the property of Societe des Anglicistes de l Enseignement Superieur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the various components of a graphic novel, El Perdón y la furia [Forgiveness and Fury] by Antonio Altarriba and Keko, about the Baroque painter José de Ribera. It does so within a framework drawn from art history and studies the transgressive role of images through citation, intertextual borrowing, or creation by Keko in the manner of Ribera. A comparative analysis of the artist's biography and the graphic narration uncovers a series of parallels between historically attested and fictitious events that can be seen as the common thread in a thriller based on the fight against power. It concludes by returning to the same themes within a contemporary setting, while Ribera's story and that of his present-day fictional counterpart simultaneously reveal human truths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to develop a set of guidelines that allow to improve the planning of the demolition activities and to promote more sustainable practices in the construction site. The empirical research was carried out by the application of three case studies, developing a diagnosis of the operation of the activities of the companies practicing the selective demolition in small buildings, through interviews, monitoring the demolitions and the resale of the materials. Thus, it was possible to verify the existence of markets for recycled materials and components that promote local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Matériaux et Techniques is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research lies within the framework of identifying and validating practical and cost-effective solutions that would contribute to reusing millions of tons of granular materials from abrasives spread every year in Québec to ensure transportation safety in winter. The behavior of abrasives shows degradation of their inherent properties, essentially due to a transformation of their grading range that shrinks, resulting mainly from compressive stresses between the passing of traffic and the pavement. Nonetheless, they keep their mechanical properties classifying them in category 1 fines in the NQ 2560-11/2002 standard of the 'Bureau de normalisation du Québec' in 2002. The results of physical characterization tests show a number of re-use possibilities in line with current laws, standards and regulations in Québec. An application in asphalt mixes is successfully tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the ever-growing human needs, the development of new materials implies generation of byproducts or residues that might pollute the environment. This has been a fact not only in massive commercial production but also at pilot-plant and laboratory scale. In today’s world the issue of residues not only cannot be neglected anymore but should also constitute a key requirement for any new research or technology proposal. Consequently, sustainability, reutilisation and recycling aspects should be considered from the outset as equal factors. This can be achieved systematically and methodologically through ‘the modified central paradigm of materials science and engineering’, described previously by the authors as ‘processing → structure → property → performance → reutilisation/recyclability’ and presented here through a new graphical model. This modified central paradigm is equally valid during the extraction and production of a given material for the first time as well as during its reutilisation/recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effectiveness of the oxide-rich residue from bauxite refining (red mud) to remove inorganic Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was assessed. The aspects studied comprised the kinetics of the process ( t = 1 min-24 h), the effect of pH (3.5-11.5), the interacting effect between salt concentration (0.01-1 M NaNO) and pH and the Hg(II) sorption isotherm. Hg leaching from spent red mud was evaluated using the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) method. The sorption of Hg(II) onto red mud was very fast, with most of Hg(II) (97.0-99.7 %) being removed from 0.5-50 μM Hg solutions in few minutes. The kinetic process was best described by Ho's pseudo-second order equation, pointing to chemisorption as the rate controlling step. Hg(II) sorption efficiency was very high (% removal between 93.9 and 99.8 %) within all the studied pH range (3.5-11.5) and added Hg concentrations (5 and 50 μM), being optimal at pH 5-8 and decreasing slightly at both lowest and highest pH. The effect of background electrolyte concentration suggests specific sorption as the main interaction mechanism between Hg(II) and red mud, but the increasing non-sorbed Hg concentrations at low and high pH for higher electrolyte concentrations also revealed the contribution of an electrostatic component to the process. The sorption isotherm showed the characteristic shape of high affinity sorbents, and it was better described by the Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich equations, which are models that assume sorbent heterogeneity and involvement of more than one mechanism. The estimated Hg(II) sorption capacity from the Langmuir equation ( q ~9 mmol/kg) was comparable to those of some inorganic commercial sorbents but lower than most bio- or specifically designed sorbents. The leachability of retained Hg(II) from spent red mud (0.02, 0.25 and 2.42 mmol Hg/kg sorbed concentration) was low (0.28, 1.15 and 2.23 μmol/kg, respectively) and accounted for 1.2, 0.5 and 0.1 % of previously sorbed Hg, indicating that Hg(II) is tightly bound by red mud once sorbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cropland abandonment is an emerging human-induced land use and is a growing national problem in Nepal. It is a key, current concern for local governance bodies and restoration options for this land are being actively sought. We initiated a systematic review of existing studies to identify the key causes and impacts of cropland abandonment and consider a range of restoration options. Data on the drivers, impacts, and restoration options for abandoned cropland were extracted from current relevant literature retrieved through four databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and NepJol). Most studies focused on the drivers of cropland abandonment with less focus on the impacts and restoration options. Socio-economic drivers included outmigration, limited availability of labour or high labour cost, easy access to daily supply needs and high education level of the farming family members. Bio-physical factors were also reported as key drivers of cropland abandonment including unsuitable slope and rugged land topography, low soil fertility and low crop productivity. Both positive and negative impacts of cropland abandonment were also reported, principally bio-physical such as secondary vegetation succession as a positive impact and geomorphic damage and low crop production as negative impacts with a consequent decrease in food security. Most current studies focused principally on specific sites and typically lacked restoration options coordinated at a national level. Those studies that did identify restoration options for abandoned land suggested the adoption of short crop cycle, less labour-intensive crops, agro-forestry and conversion to pasture as key options. Most, however, failed to establish linkages between food insecurity, rural livelihoods, and ecosystem services after cropland is abandoned. As prior studies on abandoned land lack a defined study framework, we recommend an integrated research approach for Nepal. The approach suggests the need to adopt an integrated way for studying abandoned cropland restoration through the empirical analysis of local and national land abandonment issues. The proposed approach could also be applied in other areas where cropland abandonment is an issue. • Identifies the drivers of accelerating cropland abandonment and the impacts after abandonment. • Highlights the importance of including various factors for integrated abandoned cropland studies. • Proposes an integrated research approach with policy component for restoring abandoned cropland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several legal developments involving a database sui generis (DSG) right and meta search engines (MSEs), focusing on the Court of Justice of the European Union's ruling in the case Innoweb BV v. Wegener ICT Media BV which deals with European Union (EU) law and the infringement of a DSG right by dedicated MSEs. A database maker's potential right to regulate the information market is mentioned, along with EU unfair competition law and European copyright and procedure laws.

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-Ti: E-Review in Technologies Information is the property of Revue Internationale Eti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-Ti: E-Review in Technologies Information is the property of Revue Internationale Eti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Circular economy (CE), with its basic principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, has been determined as the key strategy for the national development plan by the Chinese government. Given the economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA) that leaves the inner flow of resource reutilisation unidentified, the reutilisation-extended EW-MFA is first introduced to evaluate and analyse the material input, solid waste generation, and reutilisation simultaneously. The total amount of comprehensive reutilisation (CR) is divided into three sub-flows, namely, reutilisation, recycle, and reuse. Thus, this model is used to investigate the resource CR in China from 2000 to 2010. China’s total amount of CR and its sub-flows, as well as the CR rate, remain to have a general upward trend. By the year 2010, about 60% of the overall solid waste generation had already been reutilised, and more than 20% of the total resource requirement was reutilised resource. Moreover, the growth patterns of the CR sub flows show different characteristics. Interpretations of resource reutilisation-related laws and regulations of CE and the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to produce biodiesel from mixtures of cooking oil and provide a possible environmental solution for the region of Campinas (state of São Paulo, Brazil) based on the theory of environmental cost accounting (ECA). Cooking oil collected from homes in Campinas was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 7:1 and transesterified at 60 °C for one hour for the obtainment of biodiesel using NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physicochemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesel possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. A recent survey carried out in the city of Campinas revealed that residents are not concerned with the increased of environmental impact and ecological costs in the region caused by the disposal of used cooking oil, which is discarded in sewers and soil. Urgent action is recommended, beginning with raising awareness among the population and the implementation of a policy to determine the storage, periodic collection and use of cooking oil for the production of biodiesel. This fuel could be used for buses, trucks and machines or sold to fuel distributors, offering a savings of US$ 0.8 to 4.5 millions. Campinas could then gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city. Moreover, used cooking oil constitutes low-cost biodiesel with no consumption of raw materials and will reduce worldwide criticism directed at Brazil regarding the use of oleaginous plants for biodiesel production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Upgradability is often examined as a life-cycle characteristic that reflects the capability of a product for accommodating functional improvements to achieve a competitive reutilisation and service life extension. As with many life-cycle characteristics, the upgradability of a product is strongly influenced by the configurations of functional, physical, as well as structural features, which are determined at the design stage. In this paper, an optimisation approach is presented to facilitate the search for the optimal design solution for a product's upgradability. The implementation of such an approach is based on a Product Upgradability Index (PUI) model and aims to maximise the Upgradability Efficiency (UE) of a design within specified engineering, economic, and environmental constraints. Genetic algorithm (GA) techniques are used to enable the global search mechanism of the optimisation approach. By using GA, the approach is formulated with three major schemes, namely the fitness evaluation, solution encoding, and genetic operation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2007, some supermarkets in Portugal have voluntarily abolished the free distribution of plastic bags, implementing a symbolic charge of €0.02 each at the same time that others still offer free plastic bags. This study assesses the influence of this voluntary measure on the reduction of plastic bags consumption, comparing clients from supermarkets that have adopted it with others who have free distribution. The reutilisation of bags reached 37% in supermarkets where customers pay a fee and was absent in supermarkets where plastic bags are free. Even the abstention of using bags, when clients buy only few products, is significantly higher in supermarkets where there are charges for plastic bags. The 2 cents charged has also induced a significant increase in optimal use of plastic bags since 52% of clients that pay for plastic bags use them so they are almost full, but only 17% do the same when they are free. Taken together, the different effects of charging for plastic bags represents a potential reduction of 64%. A mandatory tax on plastic bags is an important measure to reduce substantially the number of plastic bags consumed and to improve sustainability through the reduction of environmental, economic and social costs of pollution and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materials & Structures is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A low sludge discharge membrane bioreactor (LSDMBR) for greywater reclamation was developed and tested in this study. LSDMBR was designed by combining an aerobic activated sludge process with an immersed membrane filtration process. LSDMBR offers the following advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. Firstly, LSDMBR has a high biomass concentration attributed to membrane filtration of the effluent and low sludge wasting, which results in reduced disposal costs. Secondly, LSDMBR provides for a favorable environment for nitrifying bacteria and the promotion of their growth. Finally, LSDMBR provides for higher treatment efficiencies and produces higher-quality effluent for reuse over conventional processes. It was found from laboratory testing that the contaminant removal efficiencies achieved by LSDMBR within 2.5 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) were as follows: 95% removal of anionic surfactants and 90% removal of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), respectively. It was also found that the effluent ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations were reduced to less than 1 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Results of the study suggested that LSDMBR is a small-scale and self-sustaining greywater reclamation system that requires low installation space and low sludge discharge. Un bioréacteur à membrane à faible décharge de boues (LSDMBR) pour le traitement des eaux grises a été développé et mis à l’épreuve lors de cette étude. Le LSDMBR a été conçu en combinant un procédé aérobie de boues activées et un procédé de filtration sur membrane submergée. Le LSDMBR offre les avantages suivants par rapport aux procédés conventionnels de boues activées. Premièrement, le LSDMBR possède une forte concentration de biomasse en raison de la filtration sur membrane de l’effluent et du faible gaspillage des boues, ce qui engendre des coûts moindres d’élimination. Deuxièmement, le LSDMBR offre un environnement favorable aux bactéries nitrifiantes et facilite leur croissance. Finalement, le LSDMBR fournit des efficacités de traitement supérieures et produit un effluent réutilisable de plus grande qualité que celle de l’effluent produit par les procédés conventionnels. Les essais en laboratoire ont montré que les efficacités d’élimination des contaminants atteintes par le LSDMBR en un temps de rétention hydraulique (HRT) de 2,5 heures étaient les suivantes : élimination de 95 % des surfactants anioniques, élimination de 90 % de la demande biochimique en oxygène en 5 jours (DBO5). L’étude a découvert également que les concentrations de l’effluent en ammoniaque et en azote total Kjeldahl (TKN) ont été réduites à moins de 1 mg/L et 6 mg/L respectivement. Selon les résultats de l’étude, le LSDMBR est un système de traitement des eaux grises à petite échelle et autosuffisant qui demande peu d’espace et décharge peu de boues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acid orange 7 (AO7) is a monoazo acid dye currently used in paper and textile industries. The modelling and optimisation of AO7 adsorption to spent brewery grains (SBG), a by-product of the brewing process, was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). SBG was used dried or previously acid hydrolysed. Five central composite rotatable designs (CCRD), as a function of two variables, each, were followed, namely: (1) amount of SBG and hydrolysis time of SBG; (2) hydrolysis and adsorption times; (3) amount of SBG and adsorption time (T); (4) T and pH medium and (5) T and AO7 concentration.Hydrolysis of SBG showed not significantly increase its adsorption capacity for AO7 dye. Tri-dimensional response surfaces were fitted to the experimental data concerning the removal of dye obtained in CCRD-3 to CCRD-5. From CCRD-3, the best adsorption conditions (96% removal) were estimated for 5.1% (m/v) of SBG after 36 min contact. From CCRD-4, removals above 90% were observed for lower pH values and adsorption times higher than 30 min. An increase in AO7 adsorbed per unit weight of SBG was observed with increasing initial AO7 concentration.Also, SBG was reused in 12 consecutive batches, under previously optimised conditions. SBG residual adsorption activity can be well described by a first-order decay model. A maximum amount of adsorbed AO7 of 29 mg/g SBG is predicted from the cumulative curve. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two different aspects of tritiated thymidine (H-Tdr) reutilisation in skeletal muscle were examined. Injection of a high dose (7 μCi/g) of H-Tdr into mice prior to crush injury of skeletal muscle resulted in heavy labelling (grain counts) of myotube nuclei 9 d later. In contrast, myotube nuclei were essentially unlabelled when a low dose (1 μCi/g) of H-Tdr was injected at similar times with respect to injury. It was concluded that labelling seen after the high dose was due to reutilisation of H-Tdr. (Such H-Tdr reutilisation can account for the results of Sloper et al. (1970) which previously supported the concept of a circulating muscle precursor cell.) When replicating muscle precursors were labelled directly with H-Tdr 48 h after injury, the percentages of labelled myotube nuclei and the distribution of nuclear grain counts were similar with either high or low dose. We also investigated whether the light labelling seen in regenerated myotube nuclei after 9 d, when H-Tdr had been injected before the onset of myogenesis (as found by McGeachie and Grounds 1987), was due to H-Tdr reutilisation or, alternatively, to proliferation of local cells in the wound which subsequently gave rise to muscle precursors. Labelling of myotube nuclei was compared in mice injected with H-Tdr either 2 h before, or 2 h after injury. In another experiment, mice were injected 12 h after injury and lesions sampled 1, 12 or 36 h later, to see whether local cells were replicating 12 h after injury, and what labelled cells subsequently entered to wound. No difference was found in myotube labelling between mice injected before or after injury, and no cells replicating locally in the wound at 12 h after injury were observed. The results clearly show that the light labelling was due to H-Tdr reutilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a short review of data supporting a dexamethasone sparing regimen, SEC, to reduce glioblastoma related brain edema. The conclusion of the reviewed data is that the rationale and risk/benefit ratio favors a pilot study to determine if the three drug regimen of SEC can reduce need for corticosteroid use during the course of glioblastoma. Details of how selected pathophysiological aspects of brain edema occurring during the course of glioblastoma and its treatment intersect with the established action of the three old drugs of SEC indicate that they can be repurposed to reduce that edema. Current first-line treatment of this edema is dexamethasone or related corticosteroids. There are multiple negative prognostic implications of both the edema itself and of dexamethasone, prime among them shortened survival, making a dexamethasone sparing regimen highly desirable. SEC uses spironolactone, an antihypertensive potassium-sparing diuretic acting by mineralocorticoid receptor inhibition, ecallantide acting to inhibit kallikrein activation marketed to treat hereditary angioedema, and clotrimazole, an old antifungal drug that inhibits intermediate conductance Ca++ activated K+ channel (KCa3.1). These three old drugs are well known to most clinicians, have a well-tolerated safety history, and have a robust preclinical database showing their potential to reduce the specific edema of glioblastoma. Additionally, these three drugs were chosen by virtue of each having preclinical evidence of glioblastoma growth and/or migration inhibition independent of their edema reduction action. A clinical study of SEC is being planned., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

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Copyright of E-Ti: E-Review in Technologies Information is the property of Revue Internationale Eti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)