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Aim: Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection is challenging because it is often asymptomatic and paroxysmal. We evaluated continuous photoplethysmogram (PPG) for signal quality and detection of AF. Methods: PPGs were recorded using a wrist-band device in 173 patients (76 AF, 97 sinus rhythm, SR) for 24 h. Simultaneously recorded 3-lead ambulatory ECG served as control. The recordings were split into 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-min time-frames. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of AF detection were evaluated for each time-frame. AF alarms were generated to simulate continuous AF monitoring. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values (PPVs) of the alarms were evaluated. User experiences of PPG and ECG recordings were assessed. The study was registered in the Clinical Trials database (NCT03507335). Results: The quality of PPG signal was better during night-time than in daytime (67.3 ± 22.4% vs. 30.5 ± 19.4%, p < 0.001). The 30-min time-frame yielded the highest F1-score (0.9536), identifying AF correctly in 72/76 AF patients (sensitivity 94.7%), only 3/97 SR patients receiving a false AF diagnosis (specificity 96.9%). The sensitivity and PPV of the simulated AF alarms were 78.2 and 97.2% at night, and 49.3 and 97.0% during the daytime. 82% of patients were willing to use the device at home. Conclusion: PPG wrist-band provided reliable AF identification both during daytime and night-time. The PPG data's quality was better at night. The positive user experience suggests that wearable PPG devices could be feasible for continuous rhythm monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inband FD operation has great potential in civilian/commercial wireless communications, because it can as much as double transmission links? spectral efficiency by exploiting the newfound capability for STAR that is facilitated by advanced SIC techniques. This article surveys the prospects of exploiting the emerging FD radio technology in military communication applications as well. In addition to enabling high-rate twoway tactical communications, the STAR capability could give a major technical advantage to armed forces by allowing their radio transceivers to conduct electronic warfare at the same time that they are also receiving or transmitting other signals at the same frequency bands. After comprehensively introducing FD transceiver architectures and SIC requirements in military communications, this article outlines and analyzes all the most promising defensive and offensive applications of the STAR capability. It is not out of the question that this disruptive technology could even bring about a paradigm shift in operations at the cyber-electromagnetic battleground. At least, forward-looking innovators in the military communications community would right now have a window of opportunity to engage in original, potentially high-impact scientific research on FD military radio systems, which we would like to spur on by this speculative tutorial article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]