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This article discusses a study conducted in Egypt that examines the patterns of glomerular injury in elderly patients. The study found that focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most prevalent type of glomerulonephritis in the biopsies taken from geriatric patients. Other types of glomerular injury observed included membranous glomerulonephritis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. The article emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis through renal biopsy in elderly patients with kidney disease. The findings of this study, along with other studies conducted in different countries, highlight the prevalence and types of glomerular diseases in elderly populations. The authors stress the significance of renal biopsy in older patients to obtain accurate diagnoses and guide appropriate treatment. This information may be useful for researchers and healthcare professionals studying renal diseases in elderly patients, particularly in the Egyptian context. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The use of a topical anticholinergic medication, ipratropium bromide, and its ability to inhibit methacholine and rhinitis-induced hypersecretion is emphasized. Ipratropium bromide appears to be both safe and effective in reducing this troublesome symptom. This study is designed to show the therapeutic effect of anticholinergic local treatment on nasal mucosa in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect of local anticholinergic treatment on nasal mucosa in patients with vasomotor rhinitis compared to non-vasomotor (allergic) patients and normal individuals, and if there any down regulation of the muscarinic receptors or not. Patients and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. This study was conducted on 60 cases. All patients were divided into 3 groups: Study group (1): includes 20 patients diagnosed clinically non allergic rhinitis suggestive to be vasomotor rhinitis. Study group (2): includes 20 patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Study group (3): includes 20 patients performing surgery for non-vasomotor rhinitis non allergic causes (as septoplasty or rhinoplasty). Results: Comparison between the pre and post SNOT questionnaire of symptoms among vasomotor group showed that there was a significant difference between the pre and post treatment SNOT questionnaire symptoms; Nasal obstruction, runny nose, post nasal drip, thick nasal discharge and lack of good night sleep. Among allergic cases group, there was a significant difference between the pre and post treatment immunohisto- chemistry findings considering epithelium, glands, arteries and veins. 20% of cases had grade 3 epithelium before treatment while after treatment, this was dropped to 0%. Comparison between the pre and post SNOT questionnaire of symptoms among allergic group showed that there was a significant difference between the pre and post treatment SNOT questionnaire symptoms; runny nose, post nasal drip, and thick nasal discharge. Among non-vasomotor rhinitis non allergic causes (as septoplasty or rhinoplasty) group, there was a significant difference between the pre and post treatment IHC findings considering epithelium, glands, and arteries, however no significant difference between the pre and post IHC veins grade. Also, there was no significant difference between the pre and post treatment SNOT questionnaire symptoms. Conclusion: Topical anticholinergic such as ipratropium bromide nasal spray are effective in treating rhinorrhea symptoms in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Further controlled studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm our results and to identify risk factors of adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several lines of evidence suggest the contribution of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer. Although CD133 and CD24 CSC biomarkers are associated with survival disadvantages in some cancers, the biological attributes of a specific tumor alters the expression of these markers and any associated phenotypic characteristics. Aim: To analyze CD133 and CD24 expression and their different phenotypes in urinary bladder carcinoma. Material and methods: Expression of CD133 and CD24 and their divergent phenotypes were analyzed in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (n=60) and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: CD133+, and CD24+, tumor cells were more frequent in high grade, less differentiated carcinomas (18/22, and 15/17, p=0.022 and 0.01, respectively), muscle invasive tumors (20/22, p=0.017 and 17/17, p=0.001, respectively), and tumors with advanced stage (p=0.001 and 0.007, respectively). The expression of CD24 slightly correlated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.04), whereas CD133 was associated with distant metastasis. The CD133+, CD24+, phenotype exhibited more aggressive tumorigenic behavior than other phenotypes. Conclusion: CD133+, and CD24+, cells correlated with determinants of aggressive behavior and may be involved in tumor progression and distant metastasis. The CD133+, subpopulation is likely to have a more potent tumorigenic capacity. Although divergent, the strong correlation between the two populations may support phenotypic plasticity among them. Compared to the CD133+, CD24−, and CD133−, CD24+, phenotypes, the CD133+, CD24+, phenotype is the most aggressive. These putative biomarkers can potentially aid in the selection of high-risk patients for more aggressive targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (ISRNS) represents about 10-20% of children with nephrotic syndrome with variable outcome. Objectives: To determine the histological patterns of ISRNS in Egyptian children and the histological details of the commonest types which might be the reason for the steroid resistance. Patients and Methods: The study included 53 cases with ISRNS. Their renal biopsies were retrieved from the archive of Electron microscopy unit and pathology department, Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital (ASUSH) in the duration from 2005-2011. The biopsies were examined histologically, with immunohistochemistry, and by electron microscopy. Results: They were 36 males (67.9%) and 17 females (32.1%), the age at diagnosis ranged from 1.5- 16 years with a mean of 6.71 years. Lower limb oedema was the commonest presentation (100%), haematuria was revealed in (17%) of cases. Histological examination showed three major patterns; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 30.2%, minimal change glomerulopathy (MCG) in 24.5% and IgA nephropathy in 13.2%. Mesangial hypercellularity was very common among MCG patients (85.3% ±6.7). Tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis were common among cases with IgA nephropathy (40.4% ±11, 53.7% ±8 respectively). Conclusions: ISRNS in Egyptian children could be attributed mainly to three major diseases (FSGS, MCG and IgA nephropathy). Mesangial hypercellularity and severe tubulointerstitial disease might be the major causes for steroid resistance in MCG and IgA nephropathy respectively. Renal biopsy with electron microscopy examination should be done for all children with nephrotic syndrome at first time of presentation for proper assignment of treatment protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]