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In the current study, we report on the design and development of a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) oncomarker. Polyamidoamine/gold nanoparticles (PAMAM/AuNPs) were used to increase the conductivity and enhance the number of antibodies (Abs) immobilized on the electrode surface. Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-multiwall carbon nanotubes (3DrGO-MWCNTs) were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode to improve the electrode conductivity and specific surface area. Ab and toluidine blue attached to O -succinyl-chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles (Suc-CS@MNPs) as a tracer. The poor solubility of chitosan (CS) was improved by succinic anhydride using a novel modification method. Under optimum condition, the developed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (0.0005–75 U/mL) and an excellent limit of detection around 6 μU/mL. The reliability of the engineered immunosensor in detecting CA125 was verified by standard addition recovery method, which was further compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proposed immunosensor exhibited excellent stability, high selectivity and sensitivity, and good reproducibility. Based on the great performance of the engineered immunosensor, it is proposed as a robust and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of CA125 in the clinic. Image 1 • An immunosensor was developed for detecting CA125 with a wide linear range (0.0005–75 U/mL) and an excellent LOD (6 μU/mL). • PAMAM/AuNPs were synthesized through a one-step method using PAMAM as a stabilizing and reducing agent. • Chitosan water solubility in natural pH was increased using a novel modification method. • Succinyl-chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized with good dispersity and high surface functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiplex biosensors are highly sought-after tools in disease diagnosis. This technique involves the simultaneous sensing of multiple biomarkers, whose levels and ratios can provide a more comprehensive assessment of disease conditions compared to single biomarker detection. In most diseases like cancer due to its complexity, several biomarkers are involved in their occurrence. On the other hand, a single biomarker may be implicated in various diseases. Multiplex sensing employs various techniques, such as optical, electrochemical, and electrochemiluminescence methods. This comprehensive review focuses on optical multiplex sensing techniques, including surface plasmon resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, chemiluminescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and photonic crystal sensors. The review delves into their mechanisms, materials utilized, and strategies for biomarker detection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Parvin Samadi Pakchin reports financial support was provided by Iran National Science Foundation INSF grant number 99029087. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Statement of the Problem: Many efforts have been made to improve the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), including the incorporation of nanoparticles., Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the incorporation of zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the compressive strength of white MTA (WMTA)., Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, the following materials were evaluated: MTA, MTA+5% zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, MTA+10% zinc oxide nanoparticles, MTA+5% hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, MTA+10% zinc oxide nanoparticles. The compressive strength of the groups under investigation was measured on days 4 and 21 after mixing the MTA using a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups and determine the significance of the effect of time and material on the compressive strength ( p <0.05)., Results: The highest and lowest compressive strength values were respectively measured for the second group, MTA/21 days, and the fourth group, MTA+Nano ZnO/4 days. Two-way ANOVA indicated that incorporation of zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into MTA did not have a significant effect on compressive strength ( p = 0.05). Compressive strength in all the groups increased over time from day 4 to day 21. However, this increase was not statistically significant ( p = 0.06) except for the MTA group, which exhibited significant increase in compressive strength over time from day 4 to day 21 ( p =0.007)., Conclusion: Incorporation of HA and ZnO nanoparticles into MTA had no detrimental effects on its strength and these nanoparticles can be used to improve the other properties of MTA., (Copyright: © Journal of Dentistry.)