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Solar energy has emerged as an effective renewable source of electricity that reduces carbon emissions and global warming. Conventional solar panels comprise silicon wafers and are vastly used on a commercial basis; however, they do have some drawbacks. Silicon is an indirect band gap material (Eg = 1.12 eV), that lowers its overall absorption and affects the efficiency of the solar cells. Increasing the thickness of existing cells can result in better absorption, but this increases manufacturing cost and complexity. Recently, Perovskite materials have proven to be an effective alternative, as they have better light absorption capability, are readily crystallized as a thin film, and have low cost and higher efficiencies compared to the existing solar technology. Organic/inorganic halide perovskite solar cells are declared the game changer as an alternate energy solution in a concise period claiming efficiencies >20 %. This remarkable progress further highlights the possibility of realizing the potential even deeper. In the Perovskite solar cell structure, Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole transport layer (HTL) is also added to avoid recombination of charge, and maximize absorption. In this paper, we implemented a novel solar cell design on SCAPS-1D, having an optimized parameter composition of FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuI/Au. The simulation results demonstrated an open circuit voltage (Voc) =1.06 V, Jsc= 32.15 mA/cm2, for FF= 80.43 % and PCE= 27.33 %. We also analyzed the effect of absorber layer thickness and temperature on the performance of the proposed design. The optimized design can not only be useful for the development of a cost-effective and efficient solar cell but also has the potential to advance the field of Perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, we present the mathematical modeling of the proposed solar cell on MATLAB Simulink by mapping the characteristics onto the solar array. Through this modeling, we have developed a solar panel design that can give an output power of 130 W.

Objective: To identify the association of maternal nutritional status with neonatal anthropometry. Method: The multi-centre, cross-sectional survey was conducted at two government and 5 private hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan, from July 2016 to August 2017, and comprised mothers and their neonates. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used along with data from patient files. Maternal nutritional status was assessed through biochemical profile. Standard procedures and safety measures were employed during data collection of neonatal anthropometric measurements. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 800 subjects, 407(50.9%) were from government hospitals and 393(49.1%) from private hospitals. The mean maternal age was 27.72+14.42 years. Among the neonates, 365(45.6%) were girls and 435(54.4%) were boys. Significantly lower anthropometric measurements were noted in mothers with poor haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cell, fasting glucose levels as well as those with higher uric acid, and lower serum albumin, total protein, and in those with blood in urine (p

Dietary assessment, one of the four basic components of nutritional assessment, is required yet difficult to correctly measure in order to establish accurate links with health outcomes. The current systematic review was conducted to study the effectiveness and limitations of various types of dietary assessment tools as well as to pool qualitative evidence on comparing manual and digital versions of the same tool. Studies published between 2010-June 2021 comparing various types and/ or versions of dietary data collection tools by reporting at least one outcome variable (reliability, feasibility, validity and acceptability) were searched from Pubmed, advanced search in Google scholar, and Cochrane library. A total of 33 studies were considered eligible for final analyses. All studies showed a good agreement between the tested dietary assessment tool and the gold standard adopted (n = 25). The studies conducted to find out feasibility and acceptability of digital versions of tools also showed positive results (n = 9). Technological advancement in dietary assessment can offer promising outcomes in research as well as clinical settings.

Abstract Background Bowel necrosis is a commonly observed condition in elderly patients with longstanding diabetes. In such condition, intestinal resection is usually performed for the removal of the gangrenous part. Post-surgical dietary management after bowel resection poses several challenges for the health care team. Case presentation The case presented in this study is that of an elderly diabetic male who developed acute renal failure as a result of neglect in post-surgical feeding after intestinal resection. After the intervention by a trained dietitian, a transitional diet was planned and successfully executed, resulting in reversal of acute renal failure, dehydration, and post-surgical stress. Several complications including hepatic dysfunction and mouth ulcers were resolved through well-planned transitional diet. The patient was finally discharged in a stable health condition and was regularly followed up for any nutritional or medical issues. Conclusion Neglects in nutritional care of patients can have severe implications including development of medical complications, resulting in increased length of hospital stay, augmenting the disease stress of the patient and family, and finally the preventable drainage of several human and monetary resources. Therefore, recognition of nutritional intervention as an important part of in-hospital health care may have social as well as economic impacts.

The present study investigated six varieties of locally grown wheat (Lasani, Sehar, Miraj-08, Chakwal-50, Faisalabad-08 and Inqlab) procured from Punjab Seed Corporation, Lahore, Pakistan for their proximate contents. On the basis of protein content and ready availability, Faisalabad-08 (FD-08) was selected to be used for the assessment of comparative efficiency of various methods used for gluten extraction. Three methods, mechanical, chemical and microbiological were used for the extraction of gluten from FD-08. Each method was carried out under ambient conditions using a drying temperature of 55°C. Mechanical method utilized four different processes viz:- dough process, dough batter process, batter process and ethanol washing process using standard 150 mesh. The starch thus obtained was analyzed for its proximate contents. Dough batter process proved to be the most efficient mechanical method and was further investigated using 200 and 300 mesh. Gluten content was determined using sandwich ω-gliadin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results of dough batter process using 200 mesh indicated a starch product with gluten content of 678 ppm. Chemical method indicated high gluten content of more than 5000 ppm and the microbiological method reduced the gluten content from 2500 ppm to 398 ppm. From the results it was observed that no gluten extraction method is viable to produce starch which can fulfill the criteria of a gluten free product (20ppm).