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Windy Rakhmawati,1,* Henny Suzana Mediani,1,* Meita Dhamayanti,2,* Ida Maryati,3,* Asty Samiaty Setiawan,4,* Sri Hendrawati,1,* Nenden Nur Asriyani Maryam,1,* Alfiah Hasanah,5,* Aep Maulid Mulyana,6,* Dini Mariani,7,* Imat Rochimat8,* 1Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 4Department of Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 5Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 6Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 7Department of Nursing, Polytechnic Health Ministry of Health Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java, 46115, Indonesia; 8Department of Pharmacy, Polytechnic Health Ministry of Health Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, 46115, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Windy Rakhmawati, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 82119492124, Email windy.rakhmawati@unpad.ac.idBackground: Infants are in a critical period during which often occur many problems, such as growth, development, and motor delays. One of the interventions that can potentially reduce these problems is by giving a massage therapy.Purpose: This study aims to conduct a systematic scoping review of massage therapy’s potential for growth and development among infants under nine months.Methods: This study followed a Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA-ScR). We collected data from three databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL with full text, published in 2013– 2022, subjects aged less than nine months, full-text articles, and randomized controlled trials. Studies were excluded if they were not in English.Results: Of the 11 studies found, it shows that therapy massage can effectively increase infants’ growth and development, including body weight, length, visual-motor coordination and integration, hand-eye, hearing, speech, social, vagal activity, language, locomotion, stationary, and reflexes. The interventions include medium chain triglyceride oil massage, Dabur Lal Tail massage, oil massage, massage by mothers, and massage therapy without additives for 5– 45 minutes. In addition, massage therapy has a positive effect on infants with various conditions, including preterm infants, infants with HIV-infected mothers, and infants with Down’s syndrome.Conclusion: Our findings highlight that infants receiving massage therapy were significantly more likely to increase growth and development than the population who were not given massage therapy. However, further investigation into preventing the severity of growth and developmental problems is urgently needed.Keywords: development, growth, infant, intervention, massage therapy

BACKGROUND: Essential oils (EO) are complex volatile, naturally synthesized compounds from aromatic plants. It considers as healthy, effective, and safe since they were coming from nature. Gardenia jasminoides, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota are known to have antimicrobials, antioxidants, antiinflammation properties against respiratory tract infection. However, despite its natural content, a safety profile needs to be observed. Therefore, in this study, EO blend (EOB) made from the combination of these 5 plants was assessed for its efficacy and safety for respiratory tract infection in human. METHODS: A multicentre, randomized, open-label, phase II controlled trial involving 80 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 was conducted. One group of subjects only received standard of care (SoC), while the other group receive SoC and EOB orally for 10 days. RESULTS: There were significant decrease in interleukin (IL)-6 level (p=0.016) and interferon (IFN)-γ level (p=0.012), as well as better respiratory rate (p=0.024) for the group receiving SoC and EOB compared to the group receiving SoC only. However, there was no significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and the corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation value in both groups. All subjects with adverse effects were improved and recovered, and there were no serious adverse events found. CONCLUSION: The combination of G. jasminoides, B. serrata, C. myrrha, F. vulgarae, and D. carota EOB could improve the inflammatory and clinical status and safe to be used as adjuvant therapy for treating COVID-19 in adults. KEYWORDS: essential oils, COVID-19, inflammation, safety

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) merupakan program unggulan pemerintah Indonesia untuk memastikan pendidikan keluarga kurang mampu. Akan tetapi, banyak penerima PKH, khususnya anak-anak, yang terpaksa untuk tetap menjadi pekerja walaupun sudah diberikan insentif untuk bersekolah. Keputusan seorang anak untuk menjadi pekerja anak dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik anak dan rumah tangganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi seorang anak untuk menjadi pekerja anak di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik biner dan menggunakan data Susenas 2022. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan anak, sektor pekerjaan utama kepala rumah tangga, dan wilayah tempat tinggal berpengaruh terhadap munculnya pekerja anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, pemerintah direkomendasikan untuk memantau dan mengawasi bantuan PKH yang diberikan kepada masyarakat agar anak-anak penerima PKH dapat fokus bersekolah. Selain itu, pemerintah harus menggalakkan sosialisasi wajib belajar 12 tahun kepada masyarakat yang bekerja di sektor nonpertanian dan di wilayah perkotaan.

Education in Indonesia still has significant problems such as the lack of adequate learning facilities, the low quality of education, the high cost of education and the large number of students who drop out of school. The main problem of Indonesian education is the high cost of education, making it difficult for students with middle to lower economy to continue their education. Waqf as an Islamic philanthropy can be a solution to education financing, supported by the MUI Fatwa with the provision of waqf developed with sharia securities through crowdfunding platforms. The regulation of cash waqf through the MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) Fatwa was developed following the times in Fatwa No. 140/DSN-MUI/VIII/2021 which explains waqf as one of the sharia securities as financing waqf. However, the collection of waqf funds for education financing is still not optimal. So, this research aims to provide an alternative to waqf as an Islamic social financing system that can develop the quality of education in Indonesia with the aim of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) in creating quality education. This research method uses library research method with literature study analysis through MUI fatwa approach. The results of this study explain the contract scheme that can make it easier for waqif to waqf through crowdfunding in the form of education financing investment, namely the wakalah bil istismar contract and the syirkah contract. However, crowdfunding for education financing is not widely applied for.

In seeking material truth in a criminal case, in addition to being based on two pieces of evidence as regulated in a restrictive manner in the Criminal Procedure Code, in practice it is also known to carry out local examinations to increase the judge's confidence in whether or not the acts charged to the defendant are proven or not. The local examination by the Judge in the process of proving a criminal case can be said to be part of the Judge's discretion carried out in the event that the judge deems it necessary for the purpose of proving at trial. However, so far there has not been a single regulation that explicitly regulates this local examination in the criminal procedure law, causing a legal vacuum. This legal void then gives rise to various legal implications in the practice of criminal procedure law. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case study approach. The legal materials used include primary legal materials that include laws and regulations and judges' decisions, secondary legal materials sourced from books or literature that are directly or indirectly related to the legal writing to be studied, and tertiary legal materials obtained from legal dictionaries or large Indonesian Language dictionaries. The results of this study describe the various juridical impacts of the legal vacuum of local audit arrangements in proving criminal cases from the aspect of legal certainty. Referring to the juridical impacts of the legal vacuum, the reform policy in the criminal procedure law is expected to be one of the guidelines for the unification or uniformity of the application of local examinations in the criminal procedure law in the future.

One time series model developed to predict economic data is Spatial Vector Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables (SpVARX). This model can accommodate simultaneously the interrelationships between variables, the impact of exogenous variables, and Inter-regional linkages. However, this model has not adjusted the nonlinearity relationships between variables. The relationship between economic variables is usually not linear. Therefore, we introduce the Threshold Spatial Vector Autoregressive with exogenous variables (TSpVARX). This paper assesses the forecasting performance of TSpVARX and compares it with SpVARX models. We conducted a simulation study by generating 100 times the simulation data with twelve scenarios. We found that the forecasting performance of the TSpVARX model is better than SpVARX when there is a nonlinear relationship between variables. In addition, we find that the forecasting performance of TSpVARX models will improve as the sample size increases.

This study aims to investigate the dynamic pattern of landscape ecological units (LEUs) and analyse spatial variations of the ecological risk in Parangtritis coastal dune, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A quantitative method was used in this research as part of landscape ecological analysis using a geographic information system. LEUs were interpreted by small format aerial photographs (SFAPs) and verified through field survey, then were calculated using the formula within grids to produce the ecological risk index (ERI) in the total area. According to the sub-class and class scenario, many LEUs showed changes in their landscape pattern. The ERI in the study area consisted of five levels (very low to very high), each of which was spatially varied. The ecological risk formed clusters coinciding with certain LEUs where fragility chiefly contributed to the sub-class scenario, while disturbance contributed to the class scenario.

State losses due to corruption are certainly detrimental to the country's economy. However, law enforcement against corruption crimes must still go through applicable legal procedures. Prosecutors do not have rules that specifically allow them to calculate and determine state losses. The research used is normative juridical. The research approach used is through legislation and cases. Based on Decision Number: 69 K/Pid-Sus/2013, it shows that the legal consequences of the calculation of state losses carried out by the prosecutor are the non-fulfillment of the element of harm to state finances or the non-fulfillment of formal requirements in terms of calculating state losses because it is not based on the calculation of institutions that have the authority and competence related to this matter, namely BPK or BPKP. The prosecutor in this case has violated the principle of legal certainty because it is out of the corridor of the applicable positive law.

Obesity is defined as the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat. Enlargement of white adipose tissue due to obesity activates the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate lipolysis to break down fat extensively. This causes a lot of free fatty acids to circulate in the body. Excessive circulating free fatty acids affect many cells and produce oxidative stress, which spreads throughout the body. This research purpose is to determine the anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of B. pandurata rhizome (EEBP).

Background: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy remains the standard of first-line treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Up to 40% of DLBCL is characterized by relapse and refractory after treatment. Preliminary study reported Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) overexpression in 88.5% of DLBCL tumors in the Dr. Kariadi Hospital. Moreover, the role of hypoxia and HIF-1a has previously never been explored in DLBCL. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hypoxia modulation to increased chemotherapeutic response in DLBCL. Methods: Single blind randomized control study was performed, with pre-test and post-test control group design. Research sampling consisted of DLBCL patients. The inclusion criteria include newly diagnosed DLBCL with HIF-1a overexpression and randomized to receive hypoxia modulation consisting of carbogen inhalation and nicotinamide administration, before R-CHOP chemotherapy. The tissue biopsy, histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were done. Chemotherapeutic responses were evaluated after 10-14 days following the first cycle of R-CHOP chemotherapy. Results: Out of twenty-six DLBCL participants with HIF-1a overexpression, there were 20 participants who completed the research protocol: 10 participants each in the intervention and control group. Demographic, clinicopathological, laboratory and disease characteristics were not statistically different between the two research groups (p>0.05). Baseline tumor volume to be evaluated was also considered equal (172.3 cm3 vs. 152.8 cm3 , p=0.597). Following the carbogen inhalation and nicotinamide administration, serum HIF-1a and lactate reduction can be observed. There was also a significant tumor volume shrinkage in both the intervention and control (mean -85.7 cm3 vs. -118.27 cm3 ) group, though the reduction was not statistically different (Delta 58.85% vs. 65.63%, p=0.474). Conclusion: The addition of hypoxia modulation to R-CHOP chemotherapy for DLBCL has shown beneficial effects on both serum HIF-1a and lactate concentration. However, the benefits did not correlate to increase a better tumor response compared to the control group.

Digitization technology has developed in the preservation of cultural heritage, especially ancient manuscripts. In this context, image retrieval methods allow for efficient access to the information contained in ancient manuscripts. Optimization techniques play a role in building an effective image retrieval method. This paper presents a systematic literature review that focuses on the role of optimization in digital image retrieval methods for preserving ancient manuscripts as part of cultural heritage preservation. This paper is organized based on the following research questions: (1) What are the research objectives regarding optimization in digital image retrieval of ancient manuscripts?; (2) What is the role of optimization in image retrieval methods for the preservation of ancient manuscripts?; and (3) How have existing studies determined the formulation of novel and new research? This study involved searching articles through Scopus, Dimensions, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases and using bibliometric analysis to visualize research themes and trends. The results of the literature review show that research related to the role of optimization in the digital image retrieval method of ancient manuscripts is still open and this paper can be used as a reference for further research on this topic.

While modeling panel data, identifying outliers is crucial, yet visually spotting them can be challenging. However, not many methods exist for outlier detection in panel data models other than robust estimation methods. This study uses the variance shift outlier model (VSOM) approach to identify and handle outliers in panel data modeling, both in single and simultaneous equation modeling. This study applies the VSOM approach to GDP and FDI data from ten countries that are part of the ASEANChina Free Trade Area (ACFTA). The results demonstrate that the VSOM approach effectively handle outliers in panel data modeling, in both single and simultaneous equation model. Specifically, the VSOM model shows a lower sum of squared residuals (SSR) compared to the null model. This indicates that VSOM successfully reduces the impact of outliers, leading to improved model fit and accuracy in capturing the underlying relationships within the data. Some of the highlights of the proposed approach are: • Identifying the square of the standardized residual. • Generate the distribution of the squared standardized residuals by parametric bootstrapping. • Reducing the impact of observations identified as outliers by downweighting their variance through the addition of a D matrix.

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between board characteristics (Sharia boards and boards of directors) and capital structure decisions of Islamic commercial banks (ICBs). The sample consisted of 14 ICBs in Indonesia operated during 2007–2021. The data were analyzed using the random effect model and the feasible generalized least square model. The results reveal that the size and independence of the board of directors and Sharia board expertise have a positive impact on the Indonesian ICBs’ debt-to-total asset ratio decision. Furthermore, board gender diversity encourages ICBs in Indonesia to adopt a lower debt-to-total equity ratio (DTER) while the size and expertise of Sharia boards encourage ICBs to pursue higher DTER. This study reinforces the agency theory’s view regarding the relationship between board characteristics and corporate capital structure decisions.

The growth in interest of SMA/MA graduates spread across Lhokseumawe City and Aceh Utara Regency has greatly decreased in interest in the IAIN Lhokseumawe Mathematics Tadris Department. This decline in interest can be seen in the decline in the number of students in this department from year to year over the last 5 years. The aim of this research is: To examine students' views, the factors causing low student interest and efforts to increase the interest of prospective new students in the Tadris Mathematics Department. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research objects were high school and MA class XII students in Lhokseumawe City and Aceh Utara Regency. The results obtained show that students' views on the Tadris Mathematics Department are 1) students do not know about the Tadris Mathematics Department, 2) students do not like mathematics subjects, 3) students do not understand that the Tadris Mathematics Department is a department that prepares prospective mathematics teachers. Furthermore, the factors that cause students' low interest in continuing their education at the Tadris Mathematics Department are 1) lack of information, 2) dislike of the teaching profession, 3) not being a favorite choice, 4) considering that mathematics is a difficult subject. The efforts to increase the interest of prospective new students to enter the Tadris Mathematics Department are 1) optimal introduction to the Department, 2) increasing accreditation, 3) demonstrating the uniqueness of the Department, 4) providing training in using applications appropriate to the department.

The implementation of life-saving facilities is crucial to be considered in a hospital in order to minimize adverse events during emergency conditions. This study aims to describe the implementation of life-saving facilities at RSUD Suraabaya, East Java Province. The research utilizes a descriptive method with data collection through observation and measurement. The research subject is located at RSUD Surabaya, East Java Province, with the K3RS organization as the respondent. The variables examined include the identification of potential fire hazards and life-saving facilities such as emergency stairs, emergency doors, emergency lights, exit routes, exit signs, and assembly points. Data analysis is conducted descriptively. The research findings indicate that the identification of potential fire hazards in both the New and Old Buildings under normal conditions is in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Emergency stairs and emergency doors fall under the category of being sufficient, emergency lights fall under the category of being insufficient, while the exit routes, exit signs, and assembly points fall under the category of being good. Overall, the assessment of life-saving facilities falls under the category of being sufficient. Therefore, it is recommended that RSUD Surabaya, East Java Province, conducts monitoring regarding the compliance with SOP, carries out improvements, and procures life-saving facilities that do not meet the requirements.

Corruption is a problem that results in high financial and economic losses in Indonesia. UNCAC has launched recommendations for countries to make arrangements regarding Non-Conviction Based asset Forfeiture (NCB) since 2003 which aims to recover maximum state financial losses. This is based on the fact that the state losses recovered are not proportional to the state financial losses incurred due to corruption crimes. The research used is normative juridical with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparison with other countries. The conception of assets as legal subjects in the NCB is based on the theory of legal fiction where assets in their position as legal subjects make them seem "guilty" when the way of use or the process of obtaining them is against the law. Assets in this case are considered to be able to perform a legal act that can be accounted for as happened in several cases in the United States, the Philippines, Thailand, not to mention Indonesia. Thus, because it focuses on the "fault" of the object, asset forfeiture can still be carried out even though the object or asset has changed hands. Legislation in Indonesia has actually adopted the concept of NCB, but it does not fulfill the basic essence of the concept where the goal is to recover state losses arising from corruption maximally and quickly. Therefore, laws governing asset forfeiture must be made specifically to accommodate this, one of which is through the bill on asset forfeiture.

One of the beef processing is sausage, which is well known in the community. At this time, the need for fast food (ready-to-cook) is increasing. The main ingredient used to produce sausages for stuffing is tapioca flour. The increasing price of tapioca flour is due to the high demand for its use in processed foods, so it is necessary to find alternative fillers that are more affordable. Kepok banana flour (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) has a starch content that is relatively similar to tapioca, so it can be used as an alternative raw material. This study aimed to determine the chemical and organoleptic quality of beef sausage made with Kepok banana flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely X0 = (control) 0% Kepok banana flour + 20% tapioca; X1 = 5% Kepok banana flour + 15% tapioca; X2 = 10% Kepok banana flour + 10% tapioca; X3 = 15% Kepok banana flour + 5% tapioca; X4 = 20% Kepok banana flour + 0% tapioca, with each treatment consisting of 4 replicates. The variables observed were protein content, moisture content, crude fibre, fat content, ash content and organoleptic of beef sausage. The results showed that the addition of Kepok banana flour in beef sausage processing had a significant effect (P0.05) on ash content and texture of beef sausage. It is concluded that beef sausage made with kepok banana flour as a substitute for tapioca flour produces sausage with better chemical and organoleptic properties than beef sausage made with tapioca flour only. Kepok banana flour can be used as a filler in the production of beef sausage.

Palm oil is one of the leading commodities which play a strategic role in alleviating poverty, providing employment opportunities, spreading development and a source of foreign exchange for the country. The rapid development of oil palm plantation development has had negative impacts on the environment and social. The conversion of natural forests with high conservation value can reduce the quality of the environment and ecosystem. The development of oil palm plantations that do not pay attention to the rights of customary, customary and indigenous communities without the permission of the relevant communities before plantation development is carried out will cause social conflict. These problems need to be addressed to maintain the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil products by realizing the development of sustainable palm oil plantations.

Ptyas korros or Indo-China Rat Snake is one of the snakes that are commonly hunted in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify Spirometra sp. on P. korros in Sidoarjo. A total of 18 snakes were collected within 3 months. Identification of Spirometra sp. was done using a native method, Semichen Acetic Carmine, and HE staining. As a results, 8 (44.4%) of 18 samples showed positive infection with Spirometra sp. The results of this study indicate the presence of spargana in P. korros in Sidoarjo and no adult Spirometra sp. was found.

Nita Fitria,1,* Putri Karisa,2,* Tertianto Prabowo,3,* Ahmad Kharisma Ramadhan,4,* Muhamad Gustaf Al Fajar,2,* Setiawan,5,* Kusman Ibrahim,6,* Aditya Salya,7,* Raini Diah Susanti8,* 1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Professional Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Design Product, Faculty of Art and Design, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia; 6Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 7Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 8Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nita Fitria, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia, Tel +62 811-2015-188, Email nita.fitria@unpad.ac.idBackground: The mobilization characteristics of nurses’ work, such as standing, walking, and transferring patients for a long time, can increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Repetitive activities nurses perform can cause foot problems such as discomfort and insecurity, characterized by increased lactic acid levels. Anthropometric shoes are specifically designed to reduce complaints on nurses’ feet.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of individual anthropometric shoes on lactic acid levels in nurses at the hospital.Methods: This study used a mixed-method study design. This study involved 71 nurses in the quantitative study and 15 nurses in the qualitative study. Nurses in Emergency Room, Central Surgical Installation, Inpatient Room, Intensive Care Unit, and Outpatient Installation were randomly selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used were the Accutrend Lactacyd tool, demographic questionnaire and interview questionnaire. Bivariate data analysis was using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data analysis using thematic analysis.Results: This mixed-method study shows that anthropometric shoes can reduce nurses’ lactic acid levels. In the quantitative study; there was a significant difference in lactic acid levels of nurses before and after using anthropometric shoes with the average results of measuring lactic acid levels, namely pre-test (22.48 mg/dL) and post-test (16.27 mg/dL), with a p-value (0.000). The qualitative study data revealed positive results related to increased nurse knowledge, positive views on the effect of shoes on nurse performance, and the impact of using anthropometric shoes in providing comfort and safety, such as decreased muscle fatigue and pain.Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the effect of individualized anthropometric shoes on lactic acid levels in nurses in Indonesian hospitals. It is essential to conduct further research and evaluate the results in a broader setting to ensure that anthropometric shoes can directly affect lactic acid levels.Keywords: anthropometric shoes, lactic acid, nurses, Indonesia

The influence of Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WOM) in shaping travel intentions is a critical aspect of the contemporary tourism landscape. This qualitative research explores the role of E-WOM in determining intentions to visit Japan and Indonesia from the perspectives of both Indonesian and Japanese informants. The Indonesian respondents, representing diverse professional backgrounds, underscore the persuasive impact of E-WOM, the convenience it offers, and the significance of aligning travel choices with personal interests. On the other hand, the Japanese respondents, including office workers, estheticians, and lecturers, emphasize the cultural and aesthetic dimensions influenced by E-WOM and its potential for promoting Japan as a travel destination. The findings suggest that qualitative research on E-WOM can uncover the emotional and experiential dimensions that influence travel intentions. The practical implications for marketers, government authorities, and readers are substantial. Marketers are encouraged to leverage E-WOM, emphasize cultural and aesthetic elements, and personalize their strategies. Governments and tourism authorities can benefit from funding research initiatives and improving infrastructure based on E-WOM insights. Readers are advised to critically evaluate E-WOM sources and actively contribute to the E-WOM ecosystem. This research underscores the significance of E-WOM as a potent influencer in travel decision-making and the potential for stakeholders to harness its emotional and cultural dimensions to enhance destination appeal and provide enriching travel experiences. Ultimately, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between E-WOM and travel intentions in the context of Japan and Indonesia.

Voting is a key element in democratic processes and decision-making in various contexts. With the development of information technology, traditional voting methods have undergone a significant transformation with the introduction of e-voting systems. Although some previous research has successfully developed e-voting applications, some significant drawbacks have been identified, such as insufficient security issues, risk of manipulation, and reliance on a central authority. Blockchain technology is decentralized and immutable. Therefore, it is an attractive solution in addressing these challenges. This research aims to overcome the weaknesses of previous e-voting applications by developing a mobile-based e-voting application that uses blockchain technology. This research also enables wider voter participation through mobile devices, improving the security and integrity of votes. The use of React Native allows the application to be accessible on various mobile platforms, including Android and iOS. This research has three important aspects: the use of blockchain technology to address security and integrity issues, the development of Mobile-Based e-voting applications to improve accessibility, and the contribution to the development of blockchain applications in various election contexts.

Rista Fauziningtyas,1– 3,* Mei Chan Chong,1,* Herley Windo Setiawan,4 Maw Pin Tan5,* 1Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3Center of Excellence Patient Safety and Quality, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 5Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mei Chan Chong, Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Tel +603-79492806, Email mcchong@um.edu.myIntroduction: Adverse incidents in nursing home (NH) may occur as the result of inadequate monitoring for signs of unobservable initial complications, medical errors, improper nursing interventions, lack of communication, and inadequate reporting.Purpose: This study explores incident types, causes, handling, and documentation in Indonesian NHs through a qualitative approach.Patients and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 NH staff members, including managers, nurses, and support staff.Results: Five themes and 17 sub-themes emerged, with falls and resident-to-resident abuse as common adverse incidents. Causes included older adults’ conditions, environment, and misunderstanding. Follow-up action included first aid, hospital referrals, and assertive communication. Adverse incidents were actively reported through verbal and written reports or WhatsApp groups. Reports and documentation remain unstructured, however, as there were no standard operating procedures regarding incident reporting, documentation, and the types of adverse incidents that staff should report.Conclusion: Improvements in management, documentation, and reporting adverse incidents are highlighted in this research. Practitioners, nurses, and social workers should develop guidelines for handling, reporting, and documenting adverse incidents in NHs.Plain Language Summary: This study aimed to explore adverse incidents and events in nursing homes (NHs) in Indonesia, particularly focusing on falls and resident-to-resident abuse (RRA). With a growing older adult population and an increasing demand for long-term-care (LTC) facilities, the study aimed to understand the types of adverse incidents, their causes, approaches for handling them, incident reporting, and documentation practices within NHs.The study employed qualitative methods, conducting in-depth interviews with 23 staff members from four NHs in East Java, Indonesia. Falls and RRA were found to be the most commonly encountered adverse incidents. Falls were primarily caused by older adults’ physical conditions and environmental factors. Strategies for fall prevention included initial treatment, coordination with nursing staff, referrals to health services, and minimizing falls risk. RRA incidents were typically triggered by misunderstanding related to daily activities. Incident reporting methods varied, including verbal, written, and WhatsApp-based reporting, with varying levels of documentation practices.The study underscores the need for effective incident management and prevention strategies in NHs. Falls and RRA are significant concerns that demand attention. The findings highlight the importance of standardized protocols, comprehensive reporting systems, and structured documentation practices to enhance the safety and well-being of older adults in NHs. These insights can inform the development of strategies to improve incident handling, thus improving the quality of care provided to older adults in LTC facilities.Keywords: handling adverse incidents, reporting, fall, safety, older adult, quality of life

This study aims to conduct a juridical review of the authority to seize evidence as regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP) and Book II of the Technical Guidelines for the Administration and Technicalities of General and Special Criminal Justice by the Supreme Court. The research involves the analysis of legal texts, namely KUHAP and relevant technical guidelines, and the review of pertinent literature. The research findings reveal that the Supreme Court clearly outlines the authority to seize evidence in the Indonesian criminal procedure in KUHAP and Book II of the Technical Guidelines for the Administration and Technicalities of General and Special Criminal Justice. However, certain ambiguities and variations in interpretation exist in its practical implementation. Therefore, there is a need for harmonisation and refinement of regulations and an enhancement of the understanding and awareness among legal practitioners regarding the authority to seize evidence. This research contributes significantly to understanding the role of evidence seizure in the Indonesian criminal justice system. It could improve legal practices related to the exercise of this authority.

This research investigated the largest magnitude of displacement and horizontal tensile strain in several critical locations within the asphalt concrete (AC) layer in both the flexible pavement highway (FPH) and asphaltic overlayment track (AOT) structure using the numerical modeling method. The role of the hauling loads, speed, and loading cycles of freight truck’s dumps and freight train’s wagons on the mechanical behavior of FPH and AOT in terms of the permanent deformation and fatigue cracking was examined. Furthermore, the performance of the FPH and AOT in terms of permanent deformation and fatigue cracking characteristics due to various magnitudes of hauling loads, speed, and loading cycles of freight truck’s dumps and freight train’s wagons was compared to determine the optimum infrastructure for the freight coal transportation, based on the hauling capacity as well as the magnitude of permanent deformation and the horizontal tensile strain of the AC layer. According to the findings of this study, it is suggested to choose the AOT structure with fourth or sixth loading systems to run the freight coal transportation with the highest magnitude of the hauling capacity of 360,000 tons, since it produces the minimum magnitude of the permanent deformation and fatigue cracking of the AC layer. Future research should be conducted to examine the potential and the characteristics of fatigue cracking due to the contact between the edge of the sleeper and the surface of the AC layer in AOT.

Introduction. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), which are members of the Moringaceae family, are one of the herbal plants that are widely known in Indonesia. Phytochemical contents of moringa leaf, such as flavonoid, quercetin, and phenolic acid, are believed to have an effect on improvement of NAFLD. Therefore, moringa leaf is considered as one the herbal plants that can be used as supplementation in the form of adjuvant therapy to NAFLD. The study objective of our research is to review the effect of giving moringa leaf to the liver, especially the histopathologic features. This study will be conducted on literature review research design, more specifically in the form of a systematic review. Research Method. Five major electronic web databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were used in identifying literature from 2014 to 2023. Results. From a comprehensive analysis of 13 relevant literature sources, we elucidate the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on liver histopathology, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we provide insights into its safety profile concerning human health. Conclusion. The phytochemical content of Moringa oleifera leaf extract had shown a significant benefit in plant medicinal sector. From the research that had been done, Moringa oleifera leaf extract contributes to give significant improvement on liver histopathological features, glucose, and lipid metabolism on animal sample model.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health challenge that persists in causing both health emergencies and mental health crises around the world. This study aimed to analyze the factors contributing to COVID-19 infection and their impact on mental health crises on Java Island. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020 on Java Island, Indonesia, involving 1,218 respondents selected through convenience sampling. The independent variables included demographic, individual internal, and psychological factors, while the dependent variable was mental health crisis occurrence. Data were collected through demographic information, knowledge and attitude questionnaires, depression anxiety stress scores, the brief-COPE inventory, as well as surveys addressing encountered problems and mental health emergencies. The collected data underwent analysis using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Significance was observed in the relationship between demographic, individual internal, and psychological factors, and their impact on mental health crises (p < 0.05). Following adjustment with logistic regression, psychological factors exhibited a more pronounced relationship, with the highest association observed in stress levels (p = 0.000, 95% CI: 1.064-2.131). Conclusions: Individual stress levels emerged as the foremost contributing factor to mental health crises. Psychological elements, encompassing anxiety levels, stress, coping mechanisms, and encountered challenges, played substantial roles in disrupting psychological well-being and mental health.

The provision of appropriate technology for farmers was necessary to optimize the productivity of rice plants, especially in acidic sulfate fields. The purpose of study were to determine optimal dose of NPK fertilizer and right pruning time to increase growth and yield of rice plants in acidic sulfate fields. Research was conducted in acidic sulfate fields of Rasau Jaya Tiga village, Kubu Raya district, from August to December 2022. This experiment utilized a factorial randomized design group, with two factors namely: factor I and factor II. Factor I was NPK fertilizer (N): N1 = 0.9 kg/plot, N2 = 1.8 kg/plot, N3 = 2.7 kg/plot, N4 = 4.5 kg/plot. Factor II was leaf pruning (P): P0 = No Pruning, P1 = Pruning 30 days after planting (dap), P2 = Pruning 37 dap, P3 = Pruning 44 dap, P4 = Pruning 51 dap, and P5 = Pruning 58 dap. Observed variables were plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, amount of grain contained per panicle, and dry weight of grain per plot. Data were analyzed using F and Tukey tests at a 5% level of significance. The interaction of pruning treatment and NPK has an unsignificant effect on all observed parameters. NPK treatment and pruning singularly have a significant effect on all observed parameters. Pruning of the plant at 44 dap (P3) and NPK fertilizer dose of 4.5 kg/plot (N4) yielded the best results in all observed variables.

This study aims to determine students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and to analyze the difficulties experienced by students in solving HOTS questions at SMP Negeri 10 Lhokseumawe. The study used was descriptive qualitative research which was carried out by class VIII students of SMP Negeri 10 Lhokseumawe. The collection of data used is a test in the form of descriptions with material forms and algebraic operations and interviews. The data analysis technique used follows the Miles and Huberman model with data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the students' high-level thinking skills were still in the low category. This can be seen from the success of each aspect of students' higher order thinking skills, namely the ability to analyze by 70.83%, the ability to evaluate by 12.50% and the ability to create or be creative by 33.33%. The results of the interviews found that students were not familiar with questions in the form of application of concepts or problem-solving, and there were still many students who did not have reinforcement of material concept abilities.

Deer populations in captive breedings have the potential to develop health issues such as protozoa and helminth infections. Poor sanitation and environmental conditions are among the external factors facilitate the transmission of endoparasites within deer population in a captivity. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of endoparasite infestation in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in Maliran Captive Breeding, Blitar, Indonesia. Samples of 102 fresh feces, were taken during the rainy season from March to May 2021, and sent to Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga for fecal examination using sedimentation, flotation, as well as McMaster methods to determine the prevalence and the intensity of infestations. Results showed that 30 samples were detected positive, 7 samples (6.86%) were positive of Haemonchus spp. at the egg stage (range of 30-60 EPG; mild infestation); and 23 samples (22.55%) were positive of Eimeria spp. in oocyst stage (range of 200-800 OPG; mild to moderate infestation). This study provides a reference for the eradication of Haemonchiasis in the deer population in the study area.

Background: There is an upward surge in diabetes patients worldwide, including in Indonesia, annually. Diabetes can lead to new diseases that burden patients’ lives further. Nurses can reduce this problem by identifying people at risk of developing diabetes and educating them on how to prevent diabetes. Objective: The study aimed to determine the risk of diabetes in the Indonesian population. Methods: The descriptive research involved a sample of 1216 Indonesians living in North Sumatra Province. Participants were nondiabetic individuals selected using the convenience method from May to October 2020. This study utilized the Indonesian version of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) tool and employed various statistical analyses, including frequencies, percentages, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of the total samples, 372 were males (30.6%), and 844 were females (69.4%). The risk of developing diabetes was classified as low (57.1%), slightly elevated (36.4%), moderate (5.3%), high (1.0%), and very high (0.2%). Only one of the eight risk factors that differed significantly between men and women was a history of elevated blood glucose levels, with a p-value of 0.02. Conclusion: The study identified a portrait of the number and percentage of diabetes risk factors in a community setting in Indonesia. Nurses must provide education on diabetes prevention to not only members of the local community at the research site but also the general public, nationally and globally.

This research intends to guide teachers in developing self-control in children aged 9-12 through traditional games. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE framework (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) involving six teachers, seven module validators, and six children. The research findings are as follows: The module received a "very good" rating with a score of 3.40 from one lecturer and five teachers. The surface and content validity tests received a "very good" rating of 3.50 and 3.55, respectively. 3) The application of the module has a positive effect on the self-control of children aged 9-12 years, with a high level of effectiveness of 88.70%. The research results showed that after using the module, the average posttest score (M = 0.9217) was higher than the pretest score (M = 0.6650). This difference is significant, with a value of tt(5) = 4.122, p = 0.009 (p

The Tau Taa Vana people live in the Bulang Highlands, Tojo Una-Una, in Central Sulawesi Province. The region's development has shaped the marginalization of forest-dwelling and forest-adjacent communities. From the 1980s to the 1990s, illegal logging networks served as the power holders, backed by Indonesia’s authoritarian regime of that time. Illegal logging destroyed a large part of the Tau Taa Vana's sacred forest (pengale kapali). As part of the massive logging agenda, the government launched many legal programs that further isolated the Tau Taa Vana people from their land. The first program was transmigration in 1995-1998, which converted sacred forests into plantation areas and worker camps. Meanwhile, the Tau Taa Vana people were forced to relocate from their forest livelihoods (pengale lipu). In 2014, development shifted towards government-supported gold and nickel extraction identified in the Tau Taa Vana people's traditional regions. The government's planned material extraction of the region has forced the Tau Taa Vana people to adapt traditional environmental management systems. In the past, the forest had three main functions, as the source of food, medicine, and livelihoods. Nowadays, those functions are reduced drastically and the sacred forest with the Kaju Marangka'a region as the center has lost its cultural importance. Tau Taa Vana people today use the remaining forests as the center of their resistance movements and consider it as their last bastion for cultural preservation. In this regard, the role of traditional healers (tau valia) has become even more critical amidst the lack of traditional elders.

The phenomenon of globalization exerts a substantial impact on the transformation of individuals' ways of living. One notable consequence of globalization is the expeditious progression of technology, which engenders greater practicality in people's lifestyles. A discernible shift in consumer behavior has emerged, characterized by a transition from traditional brick-and-mortar retail to the realm of e-commerce. The existence of customers' experiences and brands is evident. The impact of visual representation on trust can afterwards foster the development of customer intents to engage in repeated usage of the application. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between customer experiences and brand image, and their impact on reuse intention, with trust as a mediating variable. The study's population comprises individuals residing in Denpasar City who possess knowledge of and engage with the Bukalapak e-commerce platform for conducting transactions. The study employed a purposive selection technique to choose a sample of 140 participants. The inclusion criteria for the sample were individuals who identified as either male or female and possessed a minimum educational attainment of a high school diploma or its equivalent. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) using PLS analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that 1) brand image has a positive and significant effect on the intention to reuse; 2) customer experience positive and significant effect on intention to reuse; 3) brand image has a positive and significant effect on trust; 4) customer experience has a positive and significant effect on trust; 5) trust has a positive and significant effect on intention to reuse; 6) trust is able to partially mediate the influence of brand image on intention to reuse; 7) trust is able to partially mediate the influence of customer service on reuse intentions. Based on the results of e-commerce research, Bukalapak has provided a positive experience and image to increase user confidence to reuse the Bukalapak e-commerce platform as a platform for transactions.

Consumer satisfaction and purchasing decisions made by consumers have always been a concern of marketers, taking into account these two aspects can encourage businesses to develop. Digital marketing is one of the factors that can shape consumer satisfaction and purchase decisions. For this reason, this study aims to prove whether there is an influence between digital marketing on purchasing decisions and consumer satisfaction, the influence of purchasing decisions on consumer satisfaction, and to prove whether purchasing decisions can mediate the relationship between digital marketing and customer satisfaction. This study, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis to test the hypothesis. This study also using a non-probability sampling method through a judgmental sampling technique. The minimum number of samples in using SEM is 100-200 samples, and this study uses a sample of 100 respondents. The results of the study show that digital marketing influences purchasing decisions and also influences consumer satisfaction. Other findings show that purchasing decisions have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction. The research findings also show that purchasing decisions can positively mediate the relationship between digital marketing and consumer satisfaction. The findings of this study have practical implications especially transformations in digital-based marketing strategies. The use of various digital marketing strategies such as email marketing, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, content marketing, social media marketing, etc., can help companies or marketers to increase consumer decisions in making purchases which at the last can build their satisfaction.

Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri.

Reiva Farah Dwiyana,1,&ast; Laila Tsaqilah,1,&ast; Lilik Sukesi,2,&ast; Setiawan,3 Erda Avriyanti,1 Kamelia Utami Suhada,1 Nazya Irene Zahira4 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia; 4Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Reiva Farah Dwiyana, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Jl. Pasteur 38, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia, Email reiva@unpad.ac.idPurpose: This study aims to delineate the demographic and clinical characteristics of xerosis, pruritus, and pallor among patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved the analysis of 139 selected medical records of patients with stage 5 CKD who underwent hemodialysis between July and August 2022. A comprehensive examination was conducted by a dermatovenereologist, and the findings were duly recorded in the patients’ medical records. The documentation encompassed gender, age, employment status, as well as the clinical characteristics of xerosis, pruritus, and pallor. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Out of the 139 patients, 70 (50.4%) were male, while 69 (49.6%) were female. The mean (SD) age was 47.6 (11.8) years. The majority of the patients were unemployed (n=96, 69.1%). The median (IQR) duration of hemodialysis was 48 (96.0– 24.0) months. The predominant findings were xerosis (n=84, 60.4%) and pallor (n=83, 59.7%), followed by pruritus (n=56, 40.3%). Instances of xerosis were more frequently observed in males, whereas pallor was more prevalent in females. Xerosis and pruritus exhibited higher prevalence in the ≥ 65 years age group, whereas pallor was more common in the 18– 44 years age group. In contrast to xerosis, pruritus and pallor were more frequently noted in the unemployed group. Xerosis was predominantly mild with overall dry skin (ODS) score of one, and it was mainly observed on the patients’ legs. Among those experiencing pruritus, over half displayed a moderate severity with visual analogue scale (VAS) scores ranging from ≥ 3 to < 7. Patients with pallor mostly exhibited hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL.Conclusion: Xerosis, pruritus, and pallor were prevalent among patients with stage 5 CKD undergoing hemodialysis. These disorders presented with distinct demographic and clinical characteristics. Timely diagnosis and intervention have the potential to enhance the quality of life for these patients.Keywords: CKD, dialysis, dry skin, itch, pale skin

One of the revolutions in cosmetic shopping patterns in society is occurring with women who are starting to be aware of beauty trends. These women are becoming a new market sector that manufacturers are considering as a potential customer base. According to the findings of experts, the present phenomena in society have a tendency to look for businesses that are committed to following trends while also being environmentally responsible. The purpose of this research is to provide an explanation for the function that brand trust plays as a mediator between the effects of social media marketing and the personality of a brand on customer loyalty. The people who participated in this survey are Denpasar residents who had purchased cosmetics from the Emina brand. Purposive sampling, which is a non-probability sampling approach, was used to determine the sample size of 150 respondents. The sample was determined using this way. The approach of gathering information makes use of a questionnaire in the format of a Google Form, which is then disseminated across several social media platforms. In this investigation, we make use of a technique known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is founded on Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings of this study indicate that social media marketing and brand personality have a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, that social media marketing and brand personality have a positive and significant effect on brand trust, that brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty, and that brand trust is able to partially mediate the influence of social media marketing and brand personality on brand loyalty. On the basis of the findings of this study, it is hoped that the findings of this study can enrich the development of marketing management science, particularly as it relates to consumer behavior, and be able to become a reference for policy makers to further improve social media marketing and brand personality in order to build brand trust and increase brand loyalty for Emina Cosmetics. Specifically, it is hoped that the findings of this study can enrich the development of marketing management science, especially as it relates to consumer behavior.

This study aims to analyse the essence of the application for reconsideration by convicts and their heirs post the Constitutional Court Decision No 20/PUU-XXI/2023 and to evaluate the reconsideration by the Public Prosecutor from the perspective of the principle of legal protection of the rights of convicts. The research methodology employs a conceptual, legislative, and historical approach. Primary legal materials consist of laws and judgments, while secondary legal materials encompass textbooks, journals, and commentaries on court decisions. The legal materials are analysed qualitatively through content analysis, identifying relevant concepts within the criminal justice system. The research findings indicate that the procedure for convicts to apply for reconsideration is tightly regulated by Article 263 and Article 264 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Convicts must submit a request for reconsideration that includes the reasons underlying the request. This formal requirement must be fulfilled for the reconsideration request to be accepted. The Constitutional Court Decision No 20/PUU-XXI/2023 has significant implications for legal certainty, particularly regarding the right of the Public Prosecutor to submit a reconsideration request. The decision states that the right to submit a reconsideration request is only held by convicts or their heirs, in line with Constitutional Court Decision No 33/PUU-XIV/2016. This is aimed at preserving legal certainty and avoiding ambiguous interpretations of the provisions in the KUHAP. The principle of legal protection of the rights of convicts through reconsideration is crucial to ensure that convicts have fair and transparent access to the legal process. Although the Constitutional Court's decision has limited the Public Prosecutor's right to submit a reconsideration request, it aligns with the principle of protection of convicts' rights to ensure that the legal process is conducted fairly and according to the applicable law.

This research aims to analyze the regulation of criminal defamation against the government or state institutions, focusing on freedom of speech. The research method used is the normative research method with a legislative approach and legal concept analysis. This research employs primary legal materials in the form of laws and judicial decisions and secondary legal materials such as law books, theses, dissertations, journals, and related literature. Data collection is conducted through a literature study, and legal materials are analysed using systematic interpretation. The research results show that the government has passed Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, and one of the articles that has sparked public debate is Article 240-241 of the Criminal Code, which deals with insults against the government or state institutions. This article has generated many opinions within the community regarding the criminalization of individuals who insult or excessively criticize the performance of the government or state institutions. This suggests that society faces limitations in expressing its aspirations and concerns when the state fails to fulfil its duties. However, freedom of expression, including criticism of the government or state institutions, is often treated as a criminal offence of insult under the prevailing law.

This article aims to find the meaning of the representation of the poleng motif in Balinese women’s clothing. The issues are as follows: 1) How is the poleng motif represented on Balinese women’s clothing? and 2) Does the poleng motif in Balinese women’s clothing have a symbolic communication meaning?. In traditional Balinese culture, the poleng motif in Balinese women’s clothing has a bad meaning. Most Balinese women note that Poleng patterned clothing is used in a cultural context, not because it has a bad meaning. Qualitative methods were heavily relied upon in writing this article, starting with collecting primary data from informants such as pecalang and community leaders. Secondary data sources were obtained from ancient Balinese literature and research journals through library research. Data analysis uses symbol theory and reception theory, which are operationalized qualitatively and interpreted. Results from the study show that: 1) The way the poleng motif on Balinese women’s clothing representation is sacred, sets forth a task identity, and is the identity of Balinese fashion identity; and 2) The poleng motif on Balinese women’s clothing always has a symbolic communicative meaning in traditional ceremonial activities. Balinese women who use the poleng motif prioritizes the representation of fashion identity rather than profession or kawisesan in symbolic communication in a cultural context.

This study delves into the integration of Perceived Enjoyment within the framework of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) through a descriptive examination. Focusing specifically on users of the Tokopedia platform, the research aims to understand the extent to which Perceived Enjoyment factors contribute to the acceptance and adoption of technology. Utilizing a descriptive approach, this study assesses the indicators of Perceived Enjoyment integration including users' perceptions of the appeal of the Tokopedia application, the enjoyment derived from the product search process, the comfort of interacting with online sellers, and the overall satisfaction of the online shopping experience. The findings highlight users' positive perceptions toward the integration of Perceived Enjoyment, with an average response score of 3.34. The research underlines the significant role of Perceived Enjoyment in influencing users' attitudes and intentions to adopt technology. These insights shed light on how integrating elements of enjoyment within the UTAUT framework can enhance technology acceptance and usage. The outcomes of this study can provide valuable insights for e-commerce platforms like Tokopedia, guiding them in refining user experiences and fostering technological adoption.

Laili Rahayuwati,1 Maria Komariah,2 Citra Windani Mambang Sari,1 Desy Indra Yani,1 Yanti Hermayanti,3 Arlette Setiawan,4 Hediati Hastuti,5 Sidik Maulana,5 Kelvin Kohar6 1Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 5Internship Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 6Clinical Clerkship Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Laili Rahayuwati, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Kabupaten, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 08122138385, Fax +62 022 7795596, Email laili.rahayuwati@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: It is widely acknowledged that the socioeconomic circumstances of a family income are correctly reflected in that family expenditures. The dietary habits of families are influenced by socioeconomic circumstances that may affect stunting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the household economic predictor stunting (mother’s employment, family income, and family expenditure) in children under five.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Six districts and cities have been chosen as study areas based on the areas with the highest incidence of stunting in West Java, Indonesia. This study conducted specifically from October to December 2018. Data were examined using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and a Spearman Rank bivariate test. A logistic regression was employed to determine the elements that serve as predictors of stunting.Results: A total of 731 women with children under five participated in the study. A bivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment had an association with stunting among children under five (p = 0.014). Meanwhile, family income and expenditure are not statistically significant associated with stunting (p > 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment was a stunting predictor with odd ratio (OR) 1.810 (p = 0.017). The OR value means that mothers who do not work have a 1.810 chance for their children to experience stunting compared with mothers who have work. However, family income and expenditure have negative projected values (p = 0.580 and p = 0.398, respectively).Conclusion: Children under five who are stunted are potentially predictive with mothers’ employment, with a chance is higher in mother who do not work. However, family income and expenditure are not predictive of stunting.Keywords: family economic, family expenditure, mother’s employment, stunting, socioeconomic

This study aimed to identify the parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium sp. using the sequencing method. A sampling of Hysterothylacium sp. was taken from 60 striped grouper fish (Ephinephelus sexfasciatus) and has characteristics such as brown color, booring teeth on the anterior, a simple digestive system including the esophagus, stomach (ventriculus), small intestine and does not have mucron on the posterior. Specific primers for the COX-2 mtDNA gene (210F and 211R) were used for DNA amplification (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DNA sequencing with a length of 629bp. The positive result of the PCR method (sample S) was sequenced. Then, the results of the sequencing method were compared with the reference DNA sequences KY065298.1, MF120253.1, MF120248.1, and KU886687.1. Furthermore, Homology and kinship tests were carried out using GenBank (NCBI). Results showed a 97% similarity of the sample with Hysterothylacium amoyense cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COX-2) gene MF120253.1.

This study aimed to determine the types of endoparasites and their prevalence in Macaca fascicularis in the Wonorejo and Gunung Anyar mangrove forests, Surabaya. A total of 90 samples of Macaca fascicularis faeces were collected from two different mangrove forests, 45 samples from Wonorejo and 45 from Gunung Anyar. All samples were examined using sedimentation and floating methods to identify endoparasite species. Further, the number of eggs and oocysts per gram of feces was counted using the McMaster method. Results showed that 26.67% (12/45), and 22.2% (10/45) of the faecal samples were detected positive for endoparasite at Wonorejo and Gunung Anyar mangrove forests, respectively. The prevalence of parasitosis in M. fascicularis from Wonorejo was 17.7% (8/45) for Taenia sp. and 8.8% (4/45) for Balantidium coli cyst. On the other hand, M. fascicularis from Gunung Anyar was infested by Trichuris sp. at a prevalence of 22.2% (10/45). The total number of eggs and cysts ranged from 30 – 400 per gram of faecal samples. The study provides new knowledge on the parasitic burdens among long-tailed macaques in East Java.