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Before the revolution in its educational, research and clinical potential of Military Medicine (medical and surgical) Academy was on the head position among European institutions. Not less outstanding position among all secular institutions Russian Academy held by the number and wealth of churches, chapels and baptisteries. In the temples of the academy was concentrated a significant number of miracle-working icons and of the particles holy relics, there served some of faith and piety devotees and some of them were canonized. The article presents a brief historical overview of the major Academy shrines--spiritual ties of the different generations.

Presented domestic and foreign data of the methodological, organizational and legal aspects of express diagnosis of alcohol and drug intoxication. Shown that methods, which are in use for that in different countries, are basically identical. Differ significantly only the holding organizing, coverage breadth of population research, and used legal and material basis. To identify persons which are prone to addictive behavior it is important direction in modern screening surveys. For early detection of solders abusing alcohol or using drugs and psychotropic substances, the most informative scheduled and unexpected surveys using primarily immunochrmmatographic test systems and portable hardware systems.

Due to this fact specialists underline the necessity of implementation of constant drug testing system of servicemen. The most effective researches individuals suffering from substance abuse are sample and control survey. Promising areas of prevention of addictive disease include the use of modem technologies for early detection of drug narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, using the psychophysiological and laboratory techniques. The most common rapid laboratory procedure is the use of test strips (tablets) based immunoassay analysis. To facilitate the evaluation of the results is increasingly incorporated hardware and software systems based on photometric detection. The work done on the testing of such complexes allowed us to determine the algorithm of screening soldiers to assess the effectiveness of various hardware and software systems and identify promising technologies to identify individuals with addictive disorders.

The article is devoted to the stages of formation and development of military neurology and psychiatry in Russia. Scholars of anxiety and mental disorders department of the Medical and Surgical Academy (Military Medical) made great contribution to development of scientific and organizational peculiarities of these medical disciplines and many other allied studies. Authors analyze the contribution of military psychiatrists and neurologists to the modern concept of mental care delivery in peace and wartime, research focus ares and prospects of its development.

Dynamics of substance abuse morbidity in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during the last 10 years (2002-2012) was analyzed. Results of performed analysis showed decreasing tendency since 2007 in conscripts (0.07% in 2012) and in contract soldiers (0.3% in 2012). Alcoholism prevailed in the structure of substance abuse in conscripts (0.05%), drug abuses were diagnosed 2,5 times less often (0.02%). In contract soldiers non-alcohol abuses were diagnosed in 0.004% of cases. It is stated that the major aims of substance abuse prevention are qualitative recruiting of military units (especially in troops maintaining the combat readiness) and departments (subunits) of military education, creating conditions for propaganda for healthy lifestyle, prohibition of drugs and psychopharmaceuticals in military units. For early detection of persons liable to substance abuse and facts of drug consumption it is necessary to perform a medical examination with the help of special program apparatus complex (such as "Addicts") and take into account clinical signs of addiction. Besides, it is necessary to introduce planned and unexpected medical examinations of servicemen. Algorithm of measures in case of detection of serviceman with alcohol or drug intoxication is given. In conclusion the main organizational principals of substance abuse prevention in the Armed Forces are given.

Article is devoted to the clinical description of fighting posttraumatic stress disorder, and also questions of their early diagnostics in the conditions of military unit. The characteristics of the basic clinical variants of posttraumatic stress disorder and postfighting personal changes at combatants are resulted. Concept substantive provisions "combatant accentuation" is stated the person. It is underlined necessity of the earliest rendering of the mediko-psychological (psychotherapeutic) help to the military men who have transferred fighting stress.

The problems of tobacco smoking among servicemen are analyzed from the position of their interrelations with the quality of service duties performance. On the basis of received data the conclusion is drawn that the servicemen with tobacco dependence are characterized by lower level of mental resilience, adjustment capacities and are related to lower category of fitness for duty. Based on analyzes of the world and own country experience the program of tobacco smoking prevention among servicemen is proposed.

The effectiveness of psychoprophylactic work on each of military service basic stages and how to optimize it have been presented. The universal system of mental health monitoring in whole period of military service has been developed. A possibility of differentiated rapid assessment of mental status for effective monitoring of mental health has been analyzed. Some practical recommendations for the unit doctors in the principles of servicemen distribution by group of mental health level and taking the appropriate organizational decisions have been advised.

Investigated 82 young servicemen with cardiological emergencies (acute cardiac syndrome, hypertension events, rhythm pace disturbance). Divided three periods of mental disorders: acute, subacute and long-term effects. Found that in 95.1% of patients after emergencies developed state of mental maladaptation of varying degree. In further 47.1% of cases of mental disorders place in the form of psychogenic and somatogenically caused disorders of prenosological level. Among clinically executed forms predominated depressive disorder spectrum (nozogennye reaction and state). In the remote period prevailed somatoform dysfunction and manifestations of personality pathology. Shows the clinical and psychopathological features of these disorders and their effects on military service.

Authors analyzed psychic sick rate of selectees for the last 12 years according to data studying of Saint Petersburg military registration and enlistment offices obtained in 1996-2008. It has been established that it is connected with social stress phenomena in consequence of global changes occurring in society. Neurotic and personal disturbances dynamic is similar to neuropsychic instability level dynamic, revealed in selectees by specialists of occupational psychological selection of military registration and enlistment offices.

The review of the modern literature on the mental disorders arising at hypertensive illness at military men of young age is spent. The basic clinical forms of the mental pathology arising at different stages of hypertensive illness are investigated. Neuroendocrinological, neuromediatorical, neurophysiological, immunological and behavioural mechanisms of infringements of anxiety, depressive disorders and an arterial hypertensia at persons of young age are shown, them reciprocal mutual relations, influence on a current and the forecast of main illness.

There were analyzed changes in popularity, structure and clinical peculiarities of neurotic disorders among military servicemen for the period 1986-2006. There were used epidemiological, clinical-archival and clinical-psypathological methods. It was established, that that internosological pathomorphosis of neurosis came out in reduction of their rates in general structure of psychological pathology. Internosological pathomorphosis has found reflection in narrowing of syndromes spectrum and its drift from hypochondriac to anxiety and depressive pole. Dynamic pathomorphosis consisted of less favorable indices of course and outcomes of these disturbances in 1992-1999, and also in reduction of the period of the period from the beginning of illness to hospitalization to a specialized department.

The article presents the analyze of the character of delivery of psycho-aid in conditions of wars and armed conflicts of the XXth century. Generalizing of the experience of psycho-aid delivery in conditions of wars of the XXth century showed, that it's basing doctrinal provisions were laid by Russian psychiatrists during the Russian-Japan War. However, in foreign Armies this experience was used and improved (according to now-day's wars and armed conflicts), in our Armed Forces (until the 90th years of the XXth century) it wasn't used in right way. In general, the system of psycho-aid delivery to the staff, consists of 3 provisions: it's approach to the military stage, simplicity and security, existence of movable well-packaged staff structures, which can work optimally in combat conditions and secure necessary treatment-evacuation and rehabilitation measures.

The purpose of the investigation was to study the capacities of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficiency of treatment for resistant anxiety-obsessive disorders (AOD). 18F-FDG PET was performed in 21 patients with AOD. In 17 cases, the studies were made before and after therapy. Fourteen patients underwent stereotactic surgical intervention. Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET showed that the patients with AOD had hypermetabolism in the cingulated gyri, caudate nuclei, and thalamus in 7, 8, and 6 cases, respectively. A varying clinical improvement (by the Y-OCS and Spilberger scales) was observed in all the examinees after complex or drug treatment throughout the follow-up. According to the data of PET, these patients were observed to have significantly reduced metabolism of glucose in the anterior cingulated guri and its increased metabolism in the heads of the caudate nuclei and thalamus. The metabolic changes detected by PET are strongly and moderately correlated with the pattern of a clinical picture (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 18F-FDG PET makes it possible to provide more accurate insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of AOD, to objectify the choice of targeted intracerebral structures in order to perform stereotactic neurosurgical interventions, and to optimize drug therapy and to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment performed in early periods.

326 combatants have been examined using clinical-and-experimental psychological methods in outpatient and hospital conditions in order to reveal personality changes as a result of transient combat stress. The dynamics of these changes in pre- and post-combat periods has been described. Some personality peculiarities acquired in combat conditions aggravated combatants' rehabilitation to the peace life, which should be taken into consideration during rehabilitation. The medicopsychological correction of the combatants with personality accentuation must be made in view of the variety of these disorders.

The authors analyze the suicidologic situation, the level of suicides and parasuicides in society, Armed Forces and among the contract servicemen personally. The suicidologic data are evaluated, and reasons, risk factors, peculiarities of postsuicidal period of contract servicemen are defined.

In order to improve the organization of psychiatric care in modern local wars and armed conflicts the authors propose to follow a number of basic principles: to bring psychiatric care closer to the forward combat zone; to realize prognostic triage throughout casualty staging; to assure in maximum the return of minimally wounded and sick to their ranks directly from the forward zone; to unify the approaches to diagnosis, treatment and rating evaluation of psychic disorders; to observe the sequence and succession in psychiatric care; to realize recovery measures throughout all stages.

Authors examine the questions of pathogenesis and clinic of mental disorders caused by cerebrum traumata, as well as the peculiarities of its diagnosis and treatment. There is a principle scheme of systematized post-aggressive reaction after cerebrum injury which emphasises the necessity to study the pathophysiological process from the point of view of norm in pathology, development of protective mechanisms and individual peculiarities (sanagenetical approach). The structural and syndromological method is proposed to appreciate mental disorders and distinguish the variants of psychopathological syndromes. Therapy aspects of some mental disorders are interpreted from the point of view of sanagenetical position.