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Abstract In plants, the conserved plant-specific photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) perceives ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light and mediates UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation. In this study, we reveal that UV-B light treatment shortens seedlings, increases stem thickness, and enhances UV-B stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) via its two UV-B photoreceptors OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b. Although the rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) UVR8 (AtUVR8) photoreceptors all form monomers in response to UV-B light, OsUVR8a, and OsUVR8b function is only partially conserved with respect to AtUVR8 in UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation. UV-B light and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) promote the nuclear accumulation of AtUVR8; by contrast, OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b constitutively localize to the nucleus via their own nuclear localization signals, independently of UV-B light and the RING-finger mutation of OsCOP1. We show that OsCOP1 negatively regulates UV-B responses, and shows weak interaction with OsUVR8s, which is ascribed to the N terminus of OsCOP1, which is conserved in several monocots. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrates that UV-B-responsive gene expression differs globally between Arabidopsis and rice, illuminating the evolutionary divergence of UV-B light signaling pathways between monocot and dicot plants.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits. This report tries to provide actionable insights into the interconnectedness of air pollution and climate governance. It highlights key policy gaps, presents updated indicators, and offers a refined monitoring framework to track progress toward China's dual goals of reducing emissions and improving air quality. Compared to previous editions, this year's report has updated four key indicators: meteorological impacts on air quality, climate change and its effects, governance policies, and low-carbon building energy systems. The aim is to further refine the monitoring framework, track progress, and establish a comprehensive theory for collaborative governance while identifying challenges and proposing solutions for China's pathway to carbon neutrality and clean air. The report comprises six chapters. The executive summary chapter is followed by analyzing air pollution and climate change interactions. Governance systems and practices are discussed in the third chapter, focusing on policy implementation and local experiences. The fourth chapter addresses structural transformations and emission reduction technologies, including energy and industrial shifts, transportation, low-carbon buildings, carbon capture and storage, and power systems. The fifth chapter outlines atmospheric component dynamics and emission pathways, presenting insights into emission drivers and future strategies. The sixth chapter assesses health impacts and the benefits of coordinated actions. Since 2019, China Clean Air Policy Partnership has produced annual reports on China's progress in climate and air pollution governance, receiving positive feedback. In 2023, the report was co-developed with Tsinghua University's Carbon Neutrality Research Institute, involving over 100 experts and multiple academic forums. The collaboration aims to continuously improve the indicator system and establish the report as a key resource supporting China's efforts in pollution reduction, carbon mitigation, greening, and sustainable growth.

Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) as one of the next‐generation energy storage devices are gradually used in energy field and entering lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) market. Graphite with low price exhibits excellent Li+ reversible intercalation properties, which has been widely applied in anodes of LIBs. But it has low capacity for sodium because of its weak chemical bonding with sodium. Here, a defect engineered graphite with low graphitization structure is reported. This graphite demonstrates a defect adsorption and solvated ion intercalation of sodium ions by introducing more active sites and ether electrolytes, effectively improving the storage capacity of sodium. Further experiments and characterization show defects increased after ball milling with surface area increased, and the favorable defects on the interface of graphite are significantly increased. The defect engineered graphite absorbs more sodium‐ions and exhibits capacitive characteristics with fast sodiation/desodiation process, leading to an improved capacity storage than the defect‐free graphite. Meanwhile, the defect engineered graphite can deliver a capacity of 175 mAh g−1, and maintain a good capacity retention of 84% at 5 A g−1 after 6000 cycles. This work discovers a general methodology to obtain defect engineered graphite, which will provide an experimental strategy to achieve large‐scale industrialization for low‐cost NIBs.

Abstract Background Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a standard method for diagnosing and treating small bowel disease. However, DBE may yield false-negative results due to oversight or inexperience. We aim to develop a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system for the automatic detection and classification of small bowel abnormalities in DBE. Design and methods A total of 5201 images were collected from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University to construct a detection model for localizing lesions during DBE, and 3021 images were collected to construct a classification model for classifying lesions into four classes, protruding lesion, diverticulum, erosion & ulcer and angioectasia. The performance of the two models was evaluated using 1318 normal images and 915 abnormal images and 65 videos from independent patients and then compared with that of 8 endoscopists. The standard answer was the expert consensus. Results For the image test set, the detection model achieved a sensitivity of 92% (843/915) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947, and the classification model achieved an accuracy of 86%. For the video test set, the accuracy of the system was significantly better than that of the endoscopists (85% vs. 77 ± 6%, p

This study aims to address the need for design guidelines in developing a cultural-heritage-based metaverse educational system. Using the UTAUT, the TTF model, and Flow Theory, a theoretical framework is constructed. Through qualitative research based on the GT, three user perception factors—presence, interactivity, and narrativity—are introduced as external variables to explore the relationship between these factors and users’ willingness to adopt the cultural heritage metaverse system. The study examines this relationship from the dual perspectives of user perception and technology acceptance. A scale was designed to test the theoretical model empirically, and 298 valid responses were collected through a structured process involving GT coding, pre-testing, and formal surveys. The findings indicate that interactivity, narrativity, and presence significantly enhance the flow experience, while factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, technology–task fit, and flow positively influence users’ intention to adopt the system. Among these, technology–task fit emerged as the most influential factor. This integrated approach reduces subjectivity and bias in criteria determination, enhancing the objectivity and precision of cultural heritage metaverse system assessments and making the system more responsive to user needs.

China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change. Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation, the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues. The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators. The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update, featuring 20 indicators across five aspects: synergetic governance system and practices, progress in structural transition, air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions, sources, sinks, and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition, and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control. Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report, the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones. These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time, a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth, and the surging penetration of electric vehicles. Additionally, in 2022, China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions, marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control. These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy, economic, and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development. Consequently, the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth, improved air quality, and increased health benefits in recent years.

Abstract Objectives To explore the association between computed tomography (CT)-measured sex-specific abdominal adipose tissue and the pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods This retrospective study comprised 560 patients (394 males and 166 females) with pathologically proven ccRCC (467 low- and 93 high-grade). Abdominal CT images were used to assess the adipose tissue in the subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular regions. Subcutaneous fat index (SFI), visceral fat index (VFI), intermuscular fat index (IFI), total fat index (TFI), and relative visceral adipose tissue (rVAT) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed according to sex to identify the associations between fat-related parameters and pathological grade. Results IFI was significantly higher in high-grade ccRCC patients than in low-grade patients for both men and women. For male patients with high-grade tumors, the SFI, VFI, TFI, and rVAT were significantly lower, but not for female patients. In both univariate and multivariate studies, the IFI continued to be a reliable and independent predictor of high-grade ccRCC, regardless of sex. Conclusions Intermuscular fat index proved to be a valuable biomarker for the pathological grade of ccRCC and could be used as a reliable independent predictor of high-grade ccRCC for both males and females. Critical relevance statement Sex-specific fat adipose tissue can be used as a new biomarker to provide a new dimension for renal tumor-related research and may provide new perspectives for personalized tumor management decision-making approaches. Key points • There are sex differences in distribution of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. • The SFI, VFI, TFI, and rVAT were significantly lower in high-grade ccRCC male patients, but not for female patients. • Intermuscular fat index can be used as a reliable independent predictor of high-grade ccRCC for both males and females. Graphical Abstract

Camellia oleifera fruit pickers are essential for improving picking efficiency and promoting the Camellia oleifera industry. However, it is challenging to develop pickers that meet user needs. Current design tools and methods have limitations, such as a single model, poor synergy between integrated models, and subjective bias when analysing user requirements and translating them into product attributes. To solve these problems, this study proposes a new design decision model based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ Theory), and extension transformation theory. The model was developed and applied to design an Camellia oleifera fruit picker. In this paper, an empirical investigation of an Camellia oleifera base in Wuhan was carried out, and multi-level demand analysis was used to identify the design demands in the behavioural process; FAHP was used to calculate the demand weights to clarify the design focus; expert knowledge was used to convert the demands into specific product functional features, and FAST was used to decompose these features to find the contradictory conflicts; TRIZ theory was used to determine the principles of resolving the contradictions, and the extension transformation theory were used to generate the creative design solutions for the products. By integrating FAHP, FAST, TRIZ theory and the extension transformation theory, the subjective bias in product design is eliminated, the design decision-making process is improved, and new methods and ideas are provided for the design of oleaginous tea fruit pickers and similar products. Finally, the conceptual design of an Camellia oleifera fruit picking machine was produced. However, the conceptual design has yet to be subjected to exhaustive simulation experiments and prototype testing. Future research will focus on conducting the necessary simulations, prototypes, and field tests to fully assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the design and make the required iterative improvements accordingly to commercialize the product eventually.

Impaired tumor cell antigen presentation contributes significantly to immune evasion. This study identifies Berbamine hydrochloride (Ber), a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, as an effective inhibitor of autophagy that enhances antigen presentation in tumor cells. Ber increases MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation in melanoma cells, improving recognition and elimination by CD8+ T cells. Mutation of Atg4b, which blocks autophagy, also raises MHC-I levels on the cell surface, and further treatment with Ber under these conditions does not increase MHC-I, indicating Ber’s role in blocking autophagy to enhance MHC-I expression. Additionally, Ber treatment leads to the accumulation of autophagosomes, with elevated levels of LC3-II and p62, suggesting a disrupted autophagic flux. Fluorescence staining and co-localization analyses reveal that Ber likely inhibits lysosomal acidification without hindering autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Importantly, Ber treatment suppresses melanoma growth in mice and enhances CD8+ T cell infiltration, supporting its therapeutic potential. Our findings demonstrate that Ber disturbs late-stage autophagic flux through abnormal lysosomal acidification, enhancing MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation and curtailing tumor immune escape.

Streptomyces can produce secondary metabolites with a wide range of activities and is often used in agriculture as a biocontrol strain to control soil-borne diseases. Screening and isolation from infected soil is an effective method to obtain active strains. In this study, the best antagonistic inter-root growth-promoting bacteria were isolated from grapevine inter-root soil samples, and strain F2 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequencing results. The results showed that the fermentation broth/liquid and sterile filtrate of strain F2 exhibited antagonistic effects against 10 plant pathogens, with an inhibition rate reaching up to 80%. Notably, two of them exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against Phytophthora capsici with inhibition rates of 80.58% and 87.71%, respectively. The P. capsici leaf control experiment revealed that the control effect of strain F2 fermentation liquid on P. capsici filaments was 61.09%. Furthermore, indoor pot experiments demonstrated that the fermentation liquid of strain F2 had a significant inhibitory effect on pepper blight, with a maximum inhibition of 83.31%. Antagonistic factor analysis indicated that strain F2 had specific organophosphorus hydrolysis, nitrogen fixation, extracellular protease secretion, and IAA production capabilities. Additionally, root treatment with strain F2’s fermentation liquid significantly enhanced capsicum growth. Taking together, Streptomyces F2 not only exhibits a wide-spectrum antagonistic effect against plant pathogens but also promotes plant growth, which suggests that Streptomyces F2 can be used as an effective biological control resource and provides important theoretical support for the application of Streptomyces F2.

Abstract Mechanical pressure overload and other stimuli often contribute to heart hypertrophy, a significant factor in the induction of heart failure. The UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG) enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of sphingolipids through the production of glucosylceramide. However, its role in heart hypertrophy remains unknown. In this study, UGCG was induced in response to pressure overload in vivo and phenylephrine stimulation in vitro. Additionally, UGCG downregulation ameliorated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, improved cardiomyocyte mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced the ERK signaling pathway. Conversely, UGCG overexpression in cardiomyocytes promoted heart hypertrophy development, aggravated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and stimulated ERK signaling. Furthermore, the interaction between beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 (B4GalT5), which catalyses the synthesis of lactosylceramide, and UGCG was identified, which also functions as a synergistic molecule of UGCG. Notably, limiting the expression of B4GalT5 impaired the capacity of UGCG to promote myocardial hypertrophy, suggesting that B4GalT5 acts as an intermediary for UGCG. Overall, this study highlights the potential of UGCG as a modulator of heart hypertrophy, rendering it a potential target for combating heart hypertrophy.

Abstract Background Clinically, although chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods of treating tumors, chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagic flux and increase tumor cell resistance, leading to drug tolerance. Therefore, theoretically, inhibiting autophagy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The discovery of autophagy regulators and their potential application as adjuvant anti-cancer drugs is of substantial importance. In this study, we clarified that Fangjihuangqi Decoction (FJHQ, traditional Chinese medicine) is an autophagy inhibitor, which can synergistically enhance the effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods We observed the changes of autophagy level in NSCLC cells under the effect of FJHQ, and verified the level of the autophagy marker protein and cathepsin. Apoptosis was detected after the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel, and NAC (ROS scavenger) was further used to verify the activation of ROS-MAPK pathway by FJHQ. Results We observed that FJHQ induced autophagosomes in NSCLC cells and increased the levels of P62 and LC3-II protein expression in a concentration- and time-gradient-dependent manner, indicating that autophagic flux was inhibited. Co-localization experiments further showed that while FJHQ did not inhibit autophagosome and lysosome fusion, it affected the maturation of cathepsin and thus inhibited the autophagic pathway. Finally, we found that the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel increased the apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells, due to increased ROS accumulation and further activation of the ROS-MAPK pathway. This synergistic effect could be reversed by NAC. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate that FJHQ is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor that can amplify the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel against NSCLC cells.

Growing attention has been directed to the use of satellite imagery and open geospatial data to understand large-scale sustainable development outcomes. Health and education are critical domains of the Unites Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet existing research on the accessibility of corresponding services focused mainly on detailed but small-scale studies. This means that such studies lack accessibility metrics for large-scale quantitative evaluations. To address this deficiency, we evaluated the accessibility of health and education services in mainland China in 2021 using point-of-interest data, OpenStreetMap road data, land cover data, and WorldPop spatial demographic data. The accessibility metrics used were the least time costs of reaching hospital and school services and population coverage with a time cost of less than 1 h. On the basis of the road network and land cover information, the overall average time costs of reaching hospital and school were 20 and 22 min, respectively. In terms of population coverage, 94.7% and 92.5% of the population in China has a time cost of less than 1 h in obtaining hospital and school services, respectively. Counties with low accessibility to hospitals and schools were highly coupled with poor areas and ecological function regions, with the time cost incurred in these areas being more than twice that experienced in non-poor and non-ecological areas. Furthermore, the cumulative time cost incurred by the bottom 20% of counties (by GDP) from access to hospital and school services reached approximately 80% of the national total. Low-GDP counties were compelled to suffer disproportionately increased time costs to acquire health and education services compared with high-GDP counties. The accessibility metrics proposed in this study are highly related to SDGs 3 and 4, and they can serve as auxiliary data that can be used to enhance the evaluation of SDG outcomes. The analysis of the uneven distribution of health and education services in China can help identify areas with backward public services and may contribute to targeted and efficient policy interventions.

Abstract Several factors influence axial length in children with myopia treated using overnight orthokeratology. To identify these factors, this retrospective study collected axial length and corneal aberration data on 78 eyes before and 1-year after orthokeratology. Patients were divided according to axial elongation (cut-off, 0.25 mm/year). Baseline characteristics included age, sex, spherical equivalent refraction, pupil diameter, axial length, and orthokeratology lens type. Corneal shape effects were compared through tangential difference maps. Group differences in higher-order aberrations of a 4 mm zone were compared at baseline and 1-year following therapy. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables determined for axial elongation. Significant differences between both groups included the initial age of wearing orthokeratology lenses, type of orthokeratology lens, size of central flattening area, corneal total surface C12 (1-year), corneal total surface C8 (1-year), corneal total surface spherical aberration (SA) (1-year root mean square [RMS] values), change in total corneal surface C12, and change in front and total corneal surface SA (RMS values). The age when wearing an orthokeratology lens was the most important factor influencing axial length in children with orthokeratology-treated myopia, followed by lens type and change in the C12 of the total corneal surface.

Abstract Background and Aims Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from nonneoplastic masses is critical and remains a clinical challenge. The study aims to construct a deep learning‐based artificial intelligence system to facilitate pancreatic mass diagnosis, and to guide EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in real time. Methods This is a prospective study. The CH‐EUS MASTER system is composed of Model 1 (real‐time capture and segmentation) and Model 2 (benign and malignant identification). It was developed using deep convolutional neural networks and Random Forest algorithm. Patients with pancreatic masses undergoing CH‐EUS examinations followed by EUS‐FNA were recruited. All patients underwent CH‐EUS and were diagnosed both by endoscopists and CH‐EUS MASTER. After diagnosis, they were randomly assigned to undergo EUS‐FNA with or without CH‐EUS MASTER guidance. Results Compared with manual labeling by experts, the average overlap rate of Model 1 was 0.708. In the independent CH‐EUS video testing set, Model 2 generated an accuracy of 88.9% in identifying malignant tumors. In clinical trial, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosing pancreatic masses by CH‐EUS MASTER were significantly better than that of endoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were respectively 93.8%, 90.9%, 100%, 100%, and 83.3% by CH‐EUS MASTER guided EUS‐FNA, and were not significantly different compared to the control group. CH‐EUS MASTER‐guided EUS‐FNA significantly improved the first‐pass diagnostic yield. Conclusion CH‐EUS MASTER is a promising artificial intelligence system diagnosing malignant and benign pancreatic masses and may guide FNA in real time. Trial registration number: NCT04607720.

In clinical practice, infections caused by Aspergillus species are common and associated with high mortality rates. However, isolating Aspergillus from clinical samples and cultures is challenging, and serological tests cannot differentiate between strains. Furthermore, the complex cell wall structure in Aspergillus species hinders DNA extraction and subsequent nucleic acid detection. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger are common and frequently encountered pathogenic species. This study aimed to establish an efficient and rapid method for detecting Aspergillus species in clinical samples. Fe3O4@PEI.NH2 nanoparticles with large particle sizes were employed to capture Aspergillus from the samples. Flexible silver nanowires (AgNWs) were prepared and used as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for Aspergillus detection. Through SERS spectroscopy, the identification of captured Aspergillus species was confirmed. Furthermore, the SERS spectrum underwent principal component analysis employing orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) as a multivariate analysis technique to distinguish between the various Aspergillus species effectively. After 10-fold cross-validation, the trained model achieved a testing accuracy of 99.15%, indicating excellent classification performance. By utilizing pre-prepared Fe3O4@PEI.NH2 and AgNWs, the detection process was completed within 60 min without disrupting the cell wall of Aspergillus.

ABSTRACTSynbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 × 107 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) and interferon-gamma (P = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) (P = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.

Abstract Background Increasing evidence supports that the co-treatment with growth hormone (GH) enhances ovarian response and oocyte quality during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). The composition of follicular fluid (FF) plays an essential role in oocyte development and mirrors the communication occurring between the oocyte and follicular microenvironment. However, the effect of GH on the FF metabolome remains unclear. Methods This prospective observational study recruited DOR patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with minimal stimulation protocol for COS. Each patient receiving GH co-treatment was matched to a patient without GH co-treatment by propensity score matching. The FF was collected after isolating oocytes and assayed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. The Pearson correlation was performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of oocytes retrieved and the levels of differential metabolites. The KEGG database was used to map differential metabolites onto various metabolic pathways. Results One hundred thirty-four FF metabolites were identified by GC-MS metabolomics. Twenty-four metabolites, including glutathione, itaconic acid and S-adenosylmethionin (SAM) showed significant differences between the GH and control groups (p-value

In the context of the rapid development of navigation technology and the deepening of users’ diversified needs, as an emerging public service, mobile AR (Augmented Reality) navigation is supposed to focus on human-computer interaction and user experience. To extract the influencing factors of efficient service of mobile AR navigation, we constructed an experimental method for the usability of mobile AR navigation and the users’ emotional experience based on behavior-emotion analysis. In this study, the user types were divided according to the differences in Mental Cutting Ability and Gender. We explored the effects of Interaction Mode, Mental Cutting Ability, and Gender on the usability of mobile AR navigation and the users’ PAD (Please-Arousal-Dominance) three-dimensional emotion through the objective performance and subjective scoring of users when completing AR navigation tasks. The results showed that the Interaction Mode and Mental Cutting Ability had significant effects on the usability of mobile AR navigation and the users’ emotional experience; the Ease of Learning, Ease of Use in usability indicators, and the Arousal experience of three-dimensional emotion were significantly affected by Gender. Based on the experimental results, we excavated the mechanism of effects between various factors, extracted the behavioral and emotional trends of different types of users, broadened the research scope of mobile AR navigation-related fields, and finally summarized the design strategies from the perspective of human-robot-environment.

PurposeTransforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is upregulated in many types of tumors and plays important roles in tumor microenvironment construction, immune escape, invasion, and metastasis. The therapeutic effect of antibodies and nuclide-conjugated drugs targeting TGFβ has not been ideal. Targeting TGFβ with small-molecule or peptide carriers labeled with diagnostic/therapeutic nuclides is a new development direction. This study aimed to explore and confirm the imaging diagnostic efficiency of TGFβ-targeting peptide P144 coupled with [68Ga] in a PANC-1 tumor model.ProceduresTGFβ-targeting inhibitory peptide P144 with stable activity was prepared through peptide synthesis and screening, and P144 was coupled with biological chelator DOTA and labeled with radionuclide [68Ga] to achieve a stable TGFβ-targeting tracer [68Ga]Ga-P144. This tracer was first used for positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging study of pancreatic cancer in a mouse PANC-1 tumor model.Results[68Ga]Ga-P144 had a high targeted uptake and relatively long uptake retention time in tumors and lower uptakes in non-target organs and backgrounds. Target pre-blocking experiment with the cold drug P144-DOTA demonstrated that the radioactive uptake with [68Ga]Ga-P144 PET in vivo, especially in tumor tissue, had a high TGFβ-targeting specificity. [68Ga]Ga-P144 PET had ideal imaging efficiency in PANC-1 tumor-bearing mice, with high specificity in vivo and good tumor-targeting effect.Conclusion[68Ga]Ga-P144 has relatively high specificity and tumor-targeted uptake and may be developed as a promising diagnostic tool for TGFβ-positive malignancies.

BackgroundPrevious experimental studies have shown that mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein, in which β-amyloid (Aβ) is overproduced, exhibit peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic impairment, and hyperglycemia. We aimed to explore the effects of Aβ on insulin action and insulin secretion in vitro and the association of plasma Aβ with prediabetes in human.MethodsWe examined the effects of Aβ40 and Aβ42 on insulin-inhibited glucose production in HepG2 cells, insulin-promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Furthermore, we conducted a case-control study (N = 1142) and a nested case-control study (N = 300) within the prospective Tongji-Ezhou cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prediabetes were estimated by using conditional logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn the in vitro studies, Aβ40 and Aβ42 dose-dependently attenuated insulin-inhibited glucose production in HepG2 cells, insulin-promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. In the case-control study, plasma Aβ40 (adjusted OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.01) and Aβ42 (adjusted OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.83) were positively associated with prediabetes risk when comparing the extreme quartiles. In the nested case-control study, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were associated with 3.51-fold (95% CI: 1.61, 7.62) and 2.75-fold (95% CI: 1.21, 6.22) greater odds of prediabetes, respectively.ConclusionElevated plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were associated with increased risk of prediabetes in human subjects, which may be through impairing insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes and myotubes and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.

Abstract Background The prevalence of ectopic thyroid tissue is 1 in every 100,000 to 300,000 persons in the general population, and ectopic thyroid tissue in the bilateral lung lobes is even rarer. Due to its rarity, there is no definitive or standard guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. Case presentation A 56-year-old woman presented with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, and the patient had a history of hyperthyroidism but had no symptoms of ectopic thyroid tissue. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated multiple solid nodules in both lungs, and the largest nodule (sized 15 × 14 mm) was located in segment 5 of the upper left lung. The initial diagnosis based on imaging was metastatic malignancies. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple bilateral intrapulmonary nodules that had slightly increased metabolism (SUVmax 1.7). The largest pulmonary nodule and another nodule in the left lung were resected by video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS). The pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations confirmed a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue. No postoperative adjuvant therapy was given, and the patient was discharged 3 days after the operation and had regular follow-up examinations. Conclusion The diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue in the bilateral lung lobes is extremely difficult and should be considered carefully. PET-CT and surgical resection of intrapulmonary nodules are alternatives for clinicians in diagnosing ectopic thyroid tissue. Regular postoperative follow-up is needed.

Abstract Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Despite the breakthroughs in the clinical treatment of melanoma using tumor immunotherapy, many patients do not benefit from these immunotherapies because of multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the mechanisms of tumor-immune system interactions and their molecular determinants to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this study, combined analysis of microarray data and single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed the key interactions between immune cells in the melanoma microenvironment. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and malignant tissues were obtained using GEO2R. The DEGs were then subjected to downstream analyses, including enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis, indicating that these genes were associated with the immune response of melanoma. Then, the GEPIA and TIMER databases were used to verify the differential expression and prognostic significance of hub genes, and the relationship between the hub genes and immune infiltration. In addition, we combined single cell analysis from GSE123139 to identify immune cell types, and validated the expression of the hub genes in these immune cells. Finally, cell-to-cell communication analysis of the proteins encoded by the hub genes and their interactions was performed using CellChat. We found that the CCL5-CCR1, SELPLG-SELL, CXCL10-CXCR3, and CXCL9-CXCR3 pathways might play important roles in the communication between the immune cells in tumor microenvironment. This discovery may reveal the communication basis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and provide a new idea for melanoma immunotherapy.

【Objective】There are more than 50 kinds of orchid viruses in the world, among which Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are the most common viruses. However, there are no effective measures to control the virus disease. Therefore, the establishment of efficient detection methods for the CymMV and ORSV is of great significance to control infected plants.【Method】CymMV and ORSV were used as experimental materials, and the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (RT-LAMP) was used to amplify the viral RNA, so as to establish a rapid detection method of CymMV and ORSV. The RT-LAMP primers were designed according to the conserved regions of the cp gene sequences of two viruses. The hydroxylnaphthol blue (HNB, the final concentration of 200 μmol/L)was added to the RT-LAMP reaction system as an indicator of the amplification product. Without opening the tube for gel electrophoresis, the reaction results could be directly interpreted by the color change of the system which could avoid product aerosol pollution.【Result】The detection method could detect the presence of CymMV and ORSV RNA in the samples within 2 h, and its sensitivity was 10 times that of RT-PCR. In order to test the detection effect of RT-LAMP-HNB in actual production, 20 Phalaenopsis samples were detected by one-step RT-LAMP-HNB. According to the results, the detection rates of CymMV and ORSV were 70% and 55%, which were consistent with the results of RT-PCR, indicating that this method was suitable for the detection of field samples.【Conclusion】The one-step RT-LAMP-HNB established in this study is a sensitive, rapid, specific and convenient method for the detection of CymMV and ORSV. Nucleic acid amplification can be carried out only by simple temperature control equipment such as water bath pot, suitable for promotion and use in grass-roots or inconvenient areas.

Abstract Pandemics such as COVID-19 and their induced lockdowns/travel restrictions have a significant impact on people’s lives, especially for lower-income groups who lack savings and rely heavily on mobility to fulfill their daily needs. Taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, this study analysed the risk of returning to poverty for low-income households in Hubei Province in China as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. Employing a dataset including information on 78,931 government-identified poor households, three scenarios were analysed in an attempt to identify who is at high risk of returning to poverty, where they are located, and how the various risk factors influence their potential return to poverty. The results showed that the percentage of households at high risk of returning to poverty (falling below the poverty line) increased from 5.6% to 22% due to a 3-month lockdown. This vulnerable group tended to have a single source of income, shorter working hours, and more family members. Towns at high risk (more than 2% of households returning to poverty) doubled (from 27.3% to 46.9%) and were mainly located near railway stations; an average decrease of 10–50 km in the distance to the nearest railway station increased the risk from 1.8% to 9%. These findings, which were supported by the representativeness of the sample and a variety of robustness tests, provide new information for policymakers tasked with protecting vulnerable groups at high risk of returning to poverty and alleviating the significant socio-economic consequences of future pandemics.

Recognizing the spatial effects of regional poverty is essential for achieving sustainable poverty alleviation. This study investigates these spatial effects and their determinants across three distinct administrative levels within Hubei Province, China. To analyze the spatial patterns and heterogeneity of multi-scale regional poverty, we employed various spatial analysis techniques, including the global and local Moran’s I statistics, the Lineman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) method, as well as Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). We found that: (1) Regional poverty exhibits significant spatial dependence across various scales, with a higher level of spatial dependence observed at higher administrative levels. (2) The spatial distribution of poverty is primarily influenced by geographical factors, encompassing first-, second-, and third-nature geographical elements. Notably, first-nature geographical factors make substantial contributions, accounting for 36.99%, 42.23%, and 23.79% at the county, township, and village levels, respectively. (3) The influence of geographical factors varies with scale. Global effects of various factors may transcend scales or remain confined to specific scales, while the local impacts of different factors also exhibit variations across scales. These results underscore the necessity for collaborative efforts among government entities at different levels with the anti-poverty measures tailored to local contexts.

Abstract Background To explore the association between social capital and frailty and the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles among Chinese older adults, while providing scientific evidence for frailty intervention. Methods In May 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 674 Chinese older adults in Changsha city. Data was collected using the Chinese Shortened Social Capital Scale (comprising structural social capital and cognitive social capital as two subscales), a simplified version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between social capital and frailty. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles. Results Cognitive social capital was significantly negatively associated with frailty and its three dimensions (physical, psychological, and social frailty), but structural social capital was not. Health-promoting lifestyles played a mediating role in the associations of cognitive social capital with frailty, physical and psychological frailty, but not with social frailty. Conclusions Higher cognitive social capital was associated with a reduced likelihood of frailty. The health-promoting lifestyles partially mediated the association between cognitive social capital and frailty. The use of health-promoting lifestyles or appropriate cognitive social capital interventions may reduce frailty among older adults.

The ultrastrong gradient nanostructured dual-phase high entropy alloy (DP-HEA) Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 has been fabricated by an efficient surface nanocrystallization method, e.g. ultrasonic shot peeing (USP) at room temperature. We investigated the effect of the USP duration on the microstructure of the DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 by the advanced materials characterization methods, e.g. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). We found that the microstructure of the USPed DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 can be refined into several nanometers. Additionally, the FCC γ phase is transferred into the HCP ε phase during the USP process of the DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 and the portion of the HCP ε phase increases gradually with the increase of the USP duration. Nanoindentation tests indicate that the nanohardness of the nanostructured DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 can reach as high as 7.49 GPa, suggesting a yield strength of 2.49 GPa, which is 10 times higher than that of the coarse-grained materials. Additionally, nanocrystallization of the DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 can be triggered with a short peening duration and the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect can benefit the formation of a thick gradient nano-grained layer during USP. Micro-tensile tests revealed that the gradient nano-grained layer can significantly improve the yield strength of the DP-HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 with sacrificing ductility.

In dairy farms of Ukraine, where highly productive dairy cows are kept, liver lesions are often diagnosed in the postpartum period. Postmortem studies of the liver of cows that were forcibly slaughtered showed that in mostly animals were diagnosed with fatty degeneration of the liver. The main causes of fatty hepatosis were violations of the structure of rations, imbalance of feeding on essential nutrients and biologically active substances, low content of easily digestible carbohydrates and high protein content. The study was performed on cows aged 4–5 years with productivity for the previous lactation of 5.600–7.500 L of milk, in a winter-stall period of keeping, 2–3 weeks after calving. According to clinical and biochemical blood tests, two groups of cows were formed – 50 clinically healthy and 50 cows with fatty liver disease. In cows diagnosed with fatty liver degeneration, the disease was manifested by decreased productivity and fatness, loss of appetite, oppression, hypotony of the rumen, reticulum and omasum. In some cows, there was pain at the liver area, increasing boundaries of hepatic dullness, jaundice of the visible mucous membranes and sclera. The blood serum of all cows with fatty liver disease established a decrease in albumin content, indicating impaired protein synthesis function of the liver. In some cows, the content of total protein in the serum increased due to globulin fractions, mainly gamma globulins. The ratio between the content of albumins and globulins decreased, which indicates the development in the blood of sick animals dysproteinemia. The development of fatty infiltration of the liver caused an increase in the concentration of bile acids in the serum of all sick cows. This is due to reduced conjugation and excretion of cholates by affected hepatocytes from the bile capillaries. The formation, absorption, conjugation, and excretion of bilirubin in the bile is disturbed, which causes the accumulation of total and conjugated bilirubin in the serum of sick animals. The cholesterol content in the blood of cows decreased, caused a violation of the esterification of its esters by hepatocytes. The established changes in the content of bile acids, total and conjugated bilirubin, and cholesterol in the blood of sick cows indicate a violation of bile secretion, bile production, and cholestasis development. In some cows with fatty liver degeneration, urea formation function and carbohydrate function are impaired, leading to a decrease in blood urea content and glucose.

High-precision positioning methods have drawn great attention in recent years due to the rapid development of smart vehicles as well as automatics driving technology. The Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technique is a mature tool to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy in open-sky areas. However, the users who drive under dense urban conditions are always confronted with harsh global navigation satellite system (GNSS) environments. Skyscrapers and overpasses block the signals and reduce the number of visible satellites, making it difficult to achieve continuous and precise positioning. Considering that the road is relatively smooth in most urban areas, vehicles are expected to travel on the same plane when they are close to each other. The road plane information is a promising candidate to enhance the performance of the RTK method in constrained environments. In this paper, we propose a plane-constrained RTK (PCRTK) method using the positioning information from cooperative vehicles. In a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) network, the positions of cooperative vehicles are used to fit a road plane for the target vehicle. The parameters of the plane fitting are treated as new measurements to enhance the performance of the float estimator. The relationship between the plane parameters and the state of the estimator is derived in our study. To validate the performance of the proposed method, several experiments with a four-vehicle fleet were carried out in open-sky areas and dense urban areas in Beijing, China. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed method can take advantage of the plane constraint and obtain more accurate positioning results compared to the traditional RTK method.

Ten Candida species strains were isolated from the first known fatal case of rhinofacial and rhino–orbital–cerebral candidiasis. Among them, five strains of Candida parapsilosis complex were isolated during the early stage of hospitalization, while five strains of Candida tropicalis were isolated in the later stages of the disease. Using whole-genome sequencing, we distinguished the five strains of C. parapsilosis complex as four Candida metapsilosis strains and one Candida parapsilosis strain. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that the five strains of C. parapsilosis complex were susceptible to all antifungal drugs, while five C. tropicalis strains had high minimum inhibitory concentrations to azoles, whereas antifungal-drug resistance gene analysis revealed the causes of azole resistance in such strains. For the first time, we analyzed the microevolutionary characteristics of pathogenic fungi in human hosts and inferred the infection time and parallel evolution of C. tropicalis strains. Molecular clock analysis revealed that azole-resistant C. tropicalis infection occurred during the first round of therapy, followed by divergence via parallel evolution in vivo. The presence/absence variations indicated a potential decrease in the virulence of genomes in strains isolated following antifungal drug treatment, despite the absence of observed clinical improvement in the conditions of the patient. These results suggest that genomic analysis could serve as an auxiliary tool in guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.

With the large-scale use of BeiDou navigation and 5G technology worldwide, integrating BeiDou navigation and communication has become a hot research topic in navigation and positioning technology. Low-cost, miniaturized, and susceptible mixed-signal receivers will become the future receiver technology development trend. However, the current receiver technology still faces the challenge of further improving the positioning service capability and communication quality, which includes the lack of practical analysis of the compatibility between signals and the lack of mixed-signal processing capability of the receiver baseband key technology. To address these problems, we start by analyzing the signal part of 5G out-of-band signals falling into the BD B1 signal band, conduct a detailed analysis of the mixed signal regime and frequency planning, and design a hybrid receiver architecture compatible with both signals, and propose an SC-PMF-FFT fast capture algorithm based on strong correlation, which takes advantage of the strong correlation of signals broadcast on the BD B1 frequency point from B1I to B1C, and reuses the structure of the CDMA system signal capture algorithm to complete the fast capture of 5G signals using an OFDM system. The experiments show that the method can capture the BeiDou B1 signal with a sensitivity of −154 dBm and a whole constellation capture time of no more than 40 ms with the inlet power of the 5G signal not exceeding −45 dBw.

BackgroundWith the development trend of healthy aging and intelligent integration, escort products have become a new means of healthy aging. Healthy old-age care pays attention to the convenience and informatization of life. To meet the needs, designers often design multiple accompanying product solutions, and it is very important to use reasonable evaluation methods to decide on the optimal solution.PurposesA new comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to reduce the subjectivity and one-sidedness of the selection process of intelligent escort product design solutions, and to make the decision more objective and reasonable. Such decisions can enhance the experience and naturalness of the elderly using intelligent products.MethodsFirst, a large number of user interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory, gradually refine through theoretical coding, and abstracted with the design scheme evaluation index. Second, the idea of game-theoretic weighting is used to optimize a linear combination of subjective and objective weights to determine the final weights of each evaluation indicator. Finally, the evaluation and selection are completed based on the solution ranking determined by the approximate ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS). It is applied for the selection of the elderly escort robot design, and the usability test is conducted using the PSSUQ to verify the selection results.ResultsA new comprehensive evaluation method can better complete the preferential selection of product design solutions for healthy aging escorts, and reduce the subjectivity and one-sidedness of the evaluation.ConclusionThis method compensates for the reliance on personal experience in the selection of options, and improve the subjectivity of the evaluation index determination process and the deviation of index weighting. Improving the objectivity and scientificity of decision-making reduces the blindness of design and production. It also provides a theoretical reference for the research scholars of healthy aging companion products.

Abstract Background It has been established that microRNA (miR)-449a is anti-tumorigenic in cancers, including lung cancer. Therefore, this study further explored miR-449a-mediated mechanism in lung cancer, mainly focusing on lysine demethylase 3A/hypoxia-induced factor-1α (KDM3A/HIF-1α) axis. Methods miR-449a, KDM3A and HIF-1α levels in lung cancer tissues and cell lines (A549, H1299 and H460) were measured. Loss- and gain-of-function assays were performed and then cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration were traced. The relationship between KDM3A, miR-449a and HIF-1α was verified. Tumor growth in vivo was also monitored. Results Both lung cancer tissues and cells exhibited reduced miR-449a and raised KDM3A and HIF-1α levels. miR-449a interacted with KDM3A; HIF-1α could bind with KDM3A. Up-regulating miR-449a hindered while suppressing miR-449a induced lung cancer development via mediating HIF-1α. Elevating KDM3A promoted cellular aggression while down-regulating KDM3A had the opposite effects. Up-regulating KDM3A or HIF-1α negated up-regulated miR-449a-induced effects on cellular growth in lung cancer. Restoring miR-449a impaired tumorigenesis in vivo in lung cancer. Conclusion It is eventually concluded that miR-449a delays lung cancer development through suppressing KDM3A/HIF-1α axis.

The counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) is a highly specific, simple and rapid method, which does not require expensive equipment, input materials and long-term staff training as compared with other express methods of viral infections diagnostic. Despite the CIE high informativeness, the results in practice can be doubtful at times. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to improve CIE method by strengthening the antigen-antibody interaction with the use of synthesized amphiphilic fluorescein-containing copolymer. It was demonstrated that the use of the fluorescein copolymer -antigen complex enhanced the interaction with serum/plasma antibodies of rabbits immunized against hemorrhagic disease and increased protein content in the area of precipitation. This effect was more pronounced when more hydrophobic copolymer containing 5.87% fluorescein was introduced into the complex with antigen. The ability of the amphiphilic fluorescein copolymer to enhance the antigen-antibody interaction and the ability to visualize the fluorescent precipitation zone may increase CIE effectiveness for express diagnostic of infectious diseases.

Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector is an important component of China’s “dual carbon” goals. In recent years, the country’s direct carbon emissions in the building sector have hit a plateau while the total emissions still grow rapidly. Besides, the building materials for construction and refrigerants leaked during buildings’ operation also result in greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve the targets set for future low-carbon development, the building sector should feature “sufficient demand, decarbonized structure and flexible load.” According to the analysis of the emission reduction approaches adopted by different sectors, China’s building sector should make a ceaseless effort to promote building energy conservation, improve electrification, and load flexibility, reform the energy system in rural areas, optimize the heating structure in northern China’s urban areas, as well as reduce the emissions during construction and the non-CO2 gas emissions. In the 14th Five-Year period, it is suggested to clarify the total energy consumption and carbon emission targets, adjust the energy structure more vigorously, and draw up more measures to reduce the emissions related to construction and refrigerant leakage.

Pregnancy-related intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP) is a serious complication with adverse perinatal outcomes of preterm labor, fetal distress, or stillbirth. As a result, it is important to investigate and identify the potential critical pathogenic mechanisms of ICP. First, we collected the placental tissues from the ICP with placental weight and fetal birth weight loss for the whole transcriptome sequencing. Then we analyzed the differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) by SRPBM, DElncRNAs by FRKM, DEmiRNAs by TPM, and DEmRNAs by TPM and RSEM. Based on differential expression of term pregnancy placental tissues from pregnancies impacted by ICP (n=7) as compared to gestational aged matched control tissues (n=5), the circ/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed. The ceRNA regulatory networks covered 3,714 events, including 21 DEmiRNAs, 36 DEcircRNAs, 146 DElncRNAs, and 169 DEmRNAs. According to the functional analysis, ICP complications were linked to the immune system, signal transduction, endocrine system, cell growth and death, and transport and catabolism. Further evidence suggested that the expression of immune-related genes KLRD1, BRAF, and NFATC4 might have a potential ceRNA mechanism by individual lncRNA sponging miR372-3p, miR-371a-3p, miR-7851-3p, and miR-449a to control downstream the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10, thereby regulating the pathophysiology of ICP. Furthermore, our results were validated by the qRT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA assays. In conclusion, this study is the first to evaluate placental ceRNA networks in pregnancies affected by ICP, showing alterations in immune regulatory networks which may impact fetal and placental growth. Overall our these data suggest that the ceRNA regulatory network may refine biomarker predictions for developing novel therapeutic approaches in ICP.

Tumor metastasis is still an insurmountable obstacle in tumor treatment. Lung cancer represents one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity worldwide. hnRNPA1 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of tumor metastasis, while its specific role in tumor metastasis seems to be controversial and its molecular mechanism in lung cancer metastasis remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that knockdown of the hnRNPA1 led to enhanced migration, invasion and EMT transition in lung cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE34992 dataset revealed that hnRNPA1 may regulate the alternative splicing (AS) of LAS1L exon 9. Further AGE assays and RIP assays revealed that hnRNPA1 can directly bind to the LAS1L pre-mRNA to inhibit the splicing of LAS1L exon 9. The RNA pull-down assays showed that hnRNPA1 can specifically bind to the two sites (UAGGGU(WT1) and UGGGGU(WT3)) of LAS1L Intron 9. Further Transwell assays indicated that the expression ratio of LAS1L-L/LAS1L-S regulated by hnRNPA1 can further promote the migration, invasion and EMT transition in lung cancer cells. Moreover, hnRNPA1 expression showed significant heterogeneity in lung cancer tissues, which may contain new research directions and potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate that hnRNPA1 can affect the metastasis of lung cancer cells by modulating the AS of LAS1L exon 9, highlighting the potential significance of hnRNPA1 in lung cancer metastasis.

BackgroundLimited studies have explored the difference of fatty acid profile between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results were inconsistent. Individual fatty acids tend to be interrelated because of the shared food sources and metabolic pathways. Thus, whether fatty acid patters during pregnancy were related to GDM odds needs further exploration.ObjectiveTo identify plasma fatty acid patters during pregnancy and their associations with odds of GDM.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study including 217 GDM cases and 217 matched controls was carried out in urban Wuhan, China from August 2012 to April 2015. All the participants were enrolled at the time of GDM screening and provided fasting blood samples with informed consent. We measured plasma concentrations of fatty acids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and derived potential fatty acid patterns (FAPs) through principal components analysis. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to evaluate the associations between individual fatty acids or FAPs and odds of GDM.ResultsTwenty individual fatty acids with relative concentrations ≥0.05% were included in the analyses. Compared with control group, GDM group had significantly higher concentrations of total fatty acids, 24:1n-9, and relatively lower levels of 14:0, 15:0, 17:0, 18:0, 24:0, 16:1n-7, 20:1n-9,18:3n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 22:5n-3. Two novel patterns of fatty acids were identified to be associated with lower odds of GDM: (1) relatively higher odd-chain fatty acids, 14:0, 18:0, 18:3n-3, 20:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and lower 24:1n-9 and 18:2n-6 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) (CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.42 (0.23–0.76), P-trend = 0.002], (2) relatively higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 24:0, 18:3n-6 and lower 16:0 and 20:4n-6 [adjusted OR (95% CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.48 (0.26–0.90), P-trend = 0.018].ConclusionOur findings suggested that two novel FAPs were inversely associated with GDM odds. The combination of circulating fatty acids could be a more significant marker of GDM development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.

Identifying biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis is important for the diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. The existing study has shown that miRNA is one of the most important biomarkers for diseases. However, few existing methods are designed for predicting Multiple Sclerosis-related miRNAs. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel computation framework for predicting Multiple Sclerosis-associated miRNAs. The proposed framework uses a network representation model to learn the feature representation of miRNA and uses a deep learning-based model to predict the miRNAs associated with Multiple Sclerosis. The evaluation result shows that the proposed model can predict the miRNAs associated with Multiple Sclerosis precisely. In addition, the proposed model can outperform several existing methods in a large margin.

Abstract Background Human CD133+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are a specific subset of cells that can regulate tumor malignancy. However, the mechanism by which CD133+ HPCs affect the malignancy of human breast cancer has not been reported. Methods CD133+ HPCs were isolated and purified from human umbilical cord blood (UCB). We used in vitro culture of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice to evaluate whether CD133+ HPCs affected the apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT of breast cancer cells. Results Co-culture with CD133+ HPCs, but not UCB CD133- cells, promoted the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, accompanied by reducing in vitro spontaneous apoptosis. Co-administration of these two lines with CD133+ HPCs significantly enhanced the growth of implanted breast cancer in vivo. Furthermore, co-culture with CD133+ HPCs, enhanced the invasion of breast cancer cells, N-cadherin and Vimentin expression, but reduced E-cadherin expression in breast cancer cells. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CD133+ HPCs enhance the malignancy of breast cancer cells by attenuating spontaneous apoptosis and promoting the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition. These findings may provide new insights into the role of human CD133+ HPCs in breast cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, CD133+ HPCs may be a new therapeutic target for inhibiting the progression of breast cancer.

Tracking progress in poverty alleviation and promptly identifying the distribution of poor areas are critical for strategic policy interventions, especially for regions with poor statistical systems. The massive satellite imagery and geospatial data provide great opportunities for timely and cost-effective socioeconomic evaluations. However, existing research on poverty identification is mostly based on satellite images, and the potential of combined multi-source geospatial data on poverty identification has not been fully explored. Here, we propose an approach that evaluates how village-level poverty can be identified by integrating high-resolution imagery (HRI), point-of-interest (POI), OpenStreetMap (OSM), and digital surface model (DSM) data. The study area included 338 villages from Yunyang County, located in Hubei Province, central China. We extracted the explanatory variables indicating access to facilities and services, agricultural production conditions, village construction, and the spatial distribution of village settlements from the HRI, POI, OSM, and DSM data. The random forest algorithm was then used to model the relationship between village-level poverty and explanatory variables. The results demonstrated a 54% accuracy in the prediction of village-level poverty; the best prediction performance (72%) was observed for the villages categorized as poor. The built-up land proportion and the time cost to the facilities and services contributed the most to the identification of village-level poverty, while the proxy variables of agricultural production conditions contributed the least. This study provides an approach to village-level poverty identification using satellite imagery and geospatial data and proves that the data employed in this study could identify the poorest areas that are highly coupled with natural geographical conditions and backward public services.

PurposeTo summarize the technical points and clinical effects of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsThe clinical data of 13 patients with trigeminal neuralgia who received PBC from April 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. VAS, VRS-4 and PPI were used to evaluate the postoperative pain relief. Different postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsAll patients had a smooth operation, the inflation volume of the balloon was 0.7 ml, the average compression time was 120 s, and there was no balloon rupture during the operation. On the day after operation, 12 patients (92.3%) had complete pain relief, and 1 patient (7.7%) was not satisfied with pain relief, but the pain disappeared 2 weeks after the operation. After operation, there were 12 patients with facial numbness in the affected side (92.3%), 3 patients with masseter muscle weakness (23.0%), 1 patient with herpes around the mouth (7.6%), and 1 patient with diplopia (7.6%).ConclusionPBC is an effective minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia. It is suitable for the elderly and infirm people, those who cannot tolerate general anesthesia or are afraid of surgery, and patients who had undergone surgery but relapsed after surgery. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the serious facial numbness and postoperative masticatory weakness. These discomforts are generally relieved after half a year.

The global infection rate of fungal diseases is increasing year by year, and it has gradually become one of the most serious infectious diseases threatening human health. However, the side effects of antifungal drugs and the fungal resistance to these drugs are gradually increasing. Therefore, the development of new broad-spectrum, safe, and economical alternatives to antibacterial drugs are essential. Probiotics are microorganisms that are beneficial for human health. They boost human immunity, resist pathogen colonization, and reduce pathogen infection. Many investigations have shown their inhibitory activity on a wide range of pathogenic fungi. However, their antibacterial mechanism is still a secret. This article reviews the progress of probiotics as a new method for the treatment of fungal diseases.

Summary: Background: Inadequate bowel preparation is associated with a decrease in adenoma detection rate (ADR). A deep learning-based bowel preparation assessment system based on the Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) has been previously established to calculate the automatic BBPS (e-BBPS) score (ranging 0–20). The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was a statistically inverse relationship between the e-BBPS score and the ADR, and to determine the threshold of e-BBPS score for adequate bowel preparation in colonoscopy screening. Methods: In this prospective, observational study, we trained and internally validated the e-BBPS system using retrospective colonoscopy images and videos from the Endoscopy Center of Wuhan University, annotated by endoscopists. We externally validated the system using colonoscopy images and videos from the First People's Hospital of Yichang and the Third Hospital of Wuhan. To prospectively validate the system, we recruited consecutive patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University aged between 18 and 75 years undergoing colonoscopy. The exclusion criteria included: contraindication to colonoscopy, family polyposis syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, history of surgery for colorectal or colorectal cancer, known or suspected bowel obstruction or perforation, patients who were pregnant or lactating, inability to receive caecal intubation, and lumen obstruction. We did colonoscopy procedures and collected withdrawal videos, which were reviewed and the e-BBPS system was applied to all colon segments. The primary outcome of this study was ADR, defined as the proportion of patients with one or more conventional adenomas detected during colonoscopy. We calculated the ADR of each e-BBPS score and did a correlation analysis using Spearman analysis. Findings: From May 11 to Aug 10, 2020, 616 patients underwent screening colonoscopies, which evaluated. There was a significant inverse correlation between the e-BBPS score and ADR (Spearman's rank −0·976, p

Academic emotions refer to the emotions related to achievement activities or outcomes. Academic emotions are directly related to learning performance and have been recognized as critical to learners’ learning satisfaction and learning effectiveness in the online learning context. This study aimed to explore the relationship between academic emotions and learning satisfaction and their underlying mechanisms in massive open online courses (MOOCs) learning context using mediation models. This study adhered to the theoretical frameworks of the control-value theory (CVT) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Participants were 283 pre-service teachers who volunteered from a normal university in Southwestern China. Results revealed that: (a) academic emotions did not predict learning satisfaction; (b) learning interest and technology acceptance fully mediated the influence of academic emotions on learning satisfaction; (c) the four dimensions of technology acceptance did not mediate the relationship between academic emotions and learning satisfaction. This study integrated CVT and UTAUT models, and the results emphasized the importance of academic emotions and learning satisfaction in CVT and provision of additional support for UTAUT. Therefore, these findings have significant implications for improving the quality of MOOCs in the post-pandemic era.

Bacillus velezensis strain GUMT319 is a rhizobacteria biocontrol agent that can control tobacco black shank disease. We took GUMT319 as a biological fertilizer on Vitis vinifera L. The test group was treated with GUMT319 for one year and the control group had a water treatment. Yields of GUMT319-treated grape groups were significantly increased compared to the controls. The average length and width of single grape fruit, weight of 100 grape fruits, the sugar/acid ratio, and the content of vitamin C were all increased in the GUMT319-treated grape group. The pH of the soil was higher and the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were significantly lower in the GUMT319-treated groups than the controls. The soil microbial community composition was evaluated by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and the Shannon index and Simpson index all showed that soil microbes were more abundant in the GUMT319-treated group. These results indicate that GUMT319 is not only a biocontrol agent, but also a plant growth-promoting rihizobacteria. It can increase the yield of grape by altering the physical and chemical properties and the microbial community composition of the soil.

Surface nanocrystallization of metals and alloys via high-frequency ultrasonic shot peening (USP) can significantly increase the mechanical properties of the materials. However, the relationship between the external process parameters and the internal microstructure of the materials is still unclear and an accurate numerical model to simulate the USP process is urgently required for better control of the grain refinement process. In this study, we successfully realized surface nanocrystallization of 316L stainless steel using USP with an ultrasonic frequency and amplitude of 20 kHz and 50 μm, respectively. The microstructure evaluation of 316L stainless steel during USP was revealed. We established a finite element numerical model to simulate the high-frequency USP process and calculated the plastic strain and stress distribution of 316L stainless steel during the grain refinement process. We investigated the effects of the ultrasonic frequency, working distance, and ultrasonic amplitude on the plastic strain and stress distribution on the materials using the finite element simulation method. The dynamic behavior of the shot during the USP process was studied using a high-speed camera, and the FE simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. We also investigated the impact of multiple shots during the USP process by the high-speed camera observation and FE simulation. Research results indicate that high-frequency USP is an effective method to obtain large-scale bulk nanocrystalline materials and the finite element simulation can help materials scientists and engineers to better understand the relationship between the process parameters and microstructure evaluation of 316L stainless steel.