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The method of how to find the blur parameters on an image was suggested when blurring factors of high frequency vibration and uniform linear motion happen simultaneously. Blurred images with various composite motion blur parameters were synthesized and analyzed using existing algorithms. It was found that cepstral analysis was capable of discerning the motion angles accurately when the directions of two motions are different. Along the motion angle, if the autocorrelation function of derivative image exists two close extreme points with positive and negative values separately and the space between two peak points is less than 4~ 5 pixels, the image would be blurred by high frequency motion, otherwise it would be blurred by uniform linear motion. Having determined the motion angle and motion style, the quadratic radon transform is the best way to obtain the blur amplitude for high frequency vibration. As for the uniform linear motion, the autocorrelation of image derivative is the best algorithm to obtain the blur length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To search a parameter identification method with high accuracy for single image blurred by uniform linear motion, a few of available algorithms, such as cepstral analysis, Radon transform, image derivative, autocorrelation-based and detect function-based, were used to simulate the performance of identification and to compare the results of parameter identification, especially for parameters of motion direction and blur length. It was found that cepstral analysis algorithm could identify motion direction with the best accuracy, while autocorrelation-based method could identify blur length with the best accuracy. Based on that analysis, it could be suggested that the scheme combined of cepstral analysis with autocorrelation-based algorithms would get high accurate estimation when single image is just blurred by uniform linear motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sound velocities in pure water at various temperatures were measured. A PZT transducer sends a 2-MHz pulse towards a target stationed at an accurately known distance of 120 mm away. The transit time between the forward pulse and the reflected pulse was measured precisely with statistical averaging and a reference timebase derived from the NRC cesium frequency standard. The transducer-target probe and liquid chamber was immersed in a temperature controlled bath that was under the control of a computer. Measurements were repeated with known concentrations of alcohol and distilled water. Uncertainties of the measurements will be discussed. The authors would like to thank Lu-Jie of the Tongji University for his contribution to the construction of the measurement circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabidopsis thaliana is the first model plant, the genome of which has been sequenced. In general, intensive studies on this model plant over the past nearly 30 years have led to many new revolutionary understandings in every single aspect of plant biology. Here, we review the current understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in this model plant. Although the investigation of anthocyanin structures in this model plant was not performed until 2002, numerous studies over the past three decades have been conducted to understand the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. To date, it appears that all pathway genes of anthocyanins have been molecularly, genetically and biochemically characterized in this plant. These fundamental accomplishments have made Arabidopsis an ideal model to understand the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin pathway. Several studies have revealed that the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is controlled by WD40-bHLH-MYB (WBM) transcription factor complexes under lighting conditions. However, how different regulatory complexes coordinately and specifically regulate the pathway genes of anthocyanins remains unclear. In this review, we discuss current progresses and findings including structural diversity, regulatory properties and metabolic engineering of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants express genes that encode enzymes that catalyse reactions to form plant secondary metabolites in specific cell types. However, the mechanisms of how plants decide their cellular metabolic fate and how cells diversify and specialise their specific secondary metabolites remains largely unknown. Additionally, whether and how an established metabolic program impacts genome-wide reprogramming of plant gene expression is unclear. We recently isolated PAP1-programmed anthocyanin-producing (red) and -free (white) cells from Arabidopsis thaliana; our previous studies have indicated that the PAP1 expression level is similar between these two different cell types. Transcriptional analysis showed that the red cells contain the TTG1-GL3/TT8-PAP1 regulatory complex, which controls anthocyanin biosynthesis; in contrast, the white cells and the wild-type cells lack this entire complex. These data indicate that different regulatory programming underlies the different metabolic states of these cells. In addition, our previous transcriptomic comparison indicated that there is a clear difference in the gene expression profiles of the red and wild-type cells, which is probably a consequence of cell-specific reprogramming. Based on these observations, in this report we discuss the potential mechanisms that underlie the programming and reprogramming of gene expression involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Cultured T. vaginalis was used for the anti-trichomonas test at different times, concentrations of propolis and densities of the parasites. After being cultured for 0, 6, 12, 24 hrs, the survival rate of the parasites was (91.50+/-3.11)%, (43.00+/-6.83)%, (22.25+/-5.32)% and (11.50+/-5.74)% respectively with a significant difference between propolis group and the control. Under the concentrations of 0.24, 0.48, 0.96, 1.92, 3.84 and 7.68 (mg/ml) with 24 hrs culture, the survival rate was (88.00+/-5.29)%, (92.67+/-4.16)%, (90.0+/-6.00)%, (84.00+/-4.00)%, (2.67+/-1.15)%, and 0 respectively. The results showed that propolis possesses clear in vitro anti-trichomonas activity which is relevant to the duration of culture and the concentration of the agent.