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Neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most important neuroparasitic diseases in humans, is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode stage of digenetic zoonotic cestode Taenia solium. The present study aims at the detection of anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of epileptic patients (n=26) visiting a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India, by an in-house developed indirect IgG-ELISA and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot (EITB) assay using different antigens (namely, Whole Cyst Antigen (WCA), Cystic Fluid Antigen (CFA), Scolex Antigen (SA), Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA) and Membrane-Body Antigen (MBA)) prepared from T. solium metacestodes to find out the status of NCC. An attempt has also been made for molecular detection of NCC from blood samples of those patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeted at large subunit rRNA gene of T. solium. The IgG ELISA level of anti-cysticercus antibodies against WCA, CFA, SA, ESA and MBA antigens were as follows: 19.23 %, 23.07 %, 38.46 %, 30.76 % and 15.38 %. The seroreactivity to CFA, SA and ESA was found in equal proportions in patients with ring-enhancing lesions. In the EITB assay, the lower and medium molecular weight protein bands of SA and ESA were immunodominant compared to the higher WCA and CFA peptides. PCR positivity could be observed in 34.6 % (9/26) of the patients under study. It is the first report of detecting NCC among epileptic patients of the Nagpur region of Maharashtra state in India using serological and molecular tools.

The Earth's mean surface temperature is already approximately 1.1°C higher than pre-industrial levels. Exceeding a mean 1.5°C rise by 2050 will make global adaptation to the consequences of climate change less possible. To protect public health, anaesthesia providers need to reduce the contribution their practice makes to global warming. We convened a Working Group of 45 anaesthesia providers with a recognised interest in sustainability, and used a three-stage modified Delphi consensus process to agree on principles of environmentally sustainable anaesthesia that are achievable worldwide. The Working Group agreed on the following three important underlying statements: patient safety should not be compromised by sustainable anaesthetic practices; high-, middle- and low-income countries should support each other appropriately in delivering sustainable healthcare (including anaesthesia); and healthcare systems should be mandated to reduce their contribution to global warming. We set out seven fundamental principles to guide anaesthesia providers in the move to environmentally sustainable practice, including: choice of medications and equipment; minimising waste and overuse of resources; and addressing environmental sustainability in anaesthetists' education, research, quality improvement and local healthcare leadership activities. These changes are achievable with minimal material resource and financial investment, and should undergo re-evaluation and updates as better evidence is published. This paper discusses each principle individually, and directs readers towards further important references.

Sanjay Shinde, Firew Tiruneh, Dinaol Abdissa Fufa Department of Midwifery, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Firew Tiruneh, Email mtu2012x@gmail.comBackground: Worldwide, quality education is one of the important tools to improve healthcare quality. Healthcare practitioners must be competent in their clinical judgement to meet clients’ need. However, poor clinical judgment skill accounts for almost one-third of all patient problems in health care. Expert patient simulation has been used as a training method for clinical judgement skill. However, according to empirical studies, using expert patients to develop clinical judgement skill is unclear. The method is effective in one situation but not in another.Objective: To examine the effect of expert patient simulation on the clinical judgment skill of health science students of Mizan-Tepi University.Methods: A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was used on 92 randomly selected samples from the graduating cohort of midwifery students. The research subjects who took part in the experiment were picked at random. Tools included the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument (C-CEI®), the Learning Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Questionnaire, and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI). The Wilcoxon-signed rank test was utilized to compare the self-confidence scores among intervention and control group of students, and the paired sample test was used to compare clinical judgment scores. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effect size, and Spearman correlation was used to explore the association.Results: Clinical decision-making ability and self-confidence measures revealed statistical and practical differences between before and after simulation. There was a mean difference of 2.28 (95% CI, 1.78, 2.79), t (45)=9.13, p 0.001, and an effect size of 1.3, p 0.001. A pre-and post-simulation self-confidence measure showed statistically significant improvement after simulation (W = 1, Z = − 3.57, P 0.001). A moderately significant positive connection (r = 0.419, p 0.004) was also discovered.Conclusion: The study found that human expert patient simulation is a tremendous clinical training technique for improving students’ clinical decision-making skill competency and self-confidence.Keywords: effect, patient, simulation, clinical judgment, health science students

Milka D Madhale,1 Sanjay Shinde,2 Sharon V Londhe3 1Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia; 2Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, KAAF University College, Accra, Ghana; 3Junior Research Fellow, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, IndiaCorrespondence: Milka D Madhale, Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia, Email milkam1770@gmail.com

Sanjay Shinde,1 Michael Wombeogo,1 Milka Madhale2 1Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, KAAF University College, Accra, Ghana; 2Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Science, Arsi University, Asella, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sanjay Shinde, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, KAAF University College, Accra, Ghana, Email mscshinde@gmail.com

Sanjay Shinde, Firew Tiruneh, Dinaol Abdissa Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sanjay Shinde, Department of Midwifery, College of health Sciences, Mizan Tepi university, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Email mscshinde@gmail.comBack Ground: Globally, 2.6 million children died in their first month of life—approximately 7 000 newborn deaths per day—with approximately one million dying on the first day and nearly one million dying within the next six days. Perinatal asphyxia plays a significant role in this mortality. Even those who survive will suffer from mental retardation and other complications. One programme to save the lives of asphyxiated newborns is “Helping Baby Breathe.” However, it has yet to be successful in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the status of implementation of helping baby breath and to design alternative best way to improve the service, in public hospitals of Bench-Maji, Kaffa and Sheka zones.Methods: Concurrent triangulation was used in the design. We used a phenomenological and descriptive cross-sectional study design. The subjects of the study were key informants, postnatal mothers, and health care providers in the delivery ward. Atlas Ti and SPSS software were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.Results: We reported on the knowledge and skills of health care providers in neonatal resuscitation in this study. The findings revealed that participants with good knowledge and skill were 54% and 27%, respectively. A number of contextual factors that may be impeding neonatal resuscitation were also identified qualitatively.Conclusion: The majority of health care providers’ skill and knowledge of neonatal resuscitation were far below the minimum expected competency.Keywords: saving the life, asphyxiated, newborn, public health facilities, implementation

Heather L Gelhorn,1 Melissa M Ross,1 Shraddha Shinde,2 Vivian Thuyanh Thieu,3 Kristina S Boye2 1Patient-Centered Research, Evidera, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA; 2Global Patient Outcomes and Real World Evidence, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 3Global Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USACorrespondence: Heather L Gelhorn, Patient-Centered Research, Evidera, Inc, 7101 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1400, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, Tel +1-970-363-7333, Email heather.gelhorn@evidera.comPurpose: To understand the perspectives of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on safely reaching near normoglycemia, defined as a glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value of < 6%. HbA1c indicates the average blood sugar level over the past few months.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional online quantitative survey of people with T2D asked about the current impacts of T2D, the anticipated benefits of safely achieving near normoglycemia among participants with a current HbA1c ≥ 6%, or the actual benefits of safely achieving near normoglycemia among participants who had an HbA1c < 6%. Participants reported on specific areas of psychological/emotional impact of T2D and the psychological/emotional benefits of achieving near normoglycemia.Results: Participants (N = 1000; United States = 500 and United Kingdom = 500) were 53.1% male and had a mean age of 62.9 years (SD = 13.3). The majority reported that the current HbA1c ≥ 6% (81.2%) and 49.2% had been diagnosed more than 10 years ago. The vast majority of participants (> 90%) indicated that achieving near normoglycemia was meaningful, with 95% of the participants indicating that achieving near normoglycemia would be of somewhat or extreme importance to them. In total, 93.8% of participants with a current HbA1c ≥ 6% and 80.3% of those with a current HbA1c < 6% anticipated/reported having experienced improvements as a result of achieving near normoglycemia. Among those who experienced or anticipated positive psychological/emotional impacts (n = 247), the most commonly reported impacts included less worry about future diabetes-related complications (79.8%), feeling in control over one’s life (72.9%), and overall health-related quality of life (59.9%).Conclusion: Achieving near normoglycemia is both meaningful and important to the majority of people with T2D, including both those who have and those who have not experienced reaching near normoglycemia. A wide range of specific impacts, including psychological/emotional concepts, are experienced by people with T2D, many of which may be improved through achieving near normoglycemia.Keywords: burden of disease, emotional impact, patient perspective, psychological impact, quality of life

Kristina S Boye,1 Shraddha Shinde,1 Tessa Kennedy-Martin,2 Susan Robinson,2 Vivian T Thieu1 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Kennedy-Martin Health Outcomes Ltd, Brighton, UKCorrespondence: Kristina S BoyeEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USATel +1-317-651-4039Email boye_kristina_secnik@lilly.comPurpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) medication adherence is poor and is impacted by individual drug characteristics. Treatment-associated weight change can affect medication-taking behavior. This review aimed to explore weight change on T2D therapy and consider its impact on adherence and discontinuation.Methods: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE (2005 to September 2020), and among recent congress abstract books for studies providing data on medication adherence or discontinuation and weight change in people with T2D (PwD).Results: Nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified from 9188 bibliographic records. All three studies exploring weight change and discontinuation reported weight loss to be associated with higher persistence. Seven studies of varying design explored weight change and adherence. Four reported absolute weight change (kg) and adherence: one pooled data from different diabetes medications and demonstrated that self-reported adherence was significantly associated with weight loss; however, three studies found that weight change in adherent PwD was in the direction of the known weight profile (loss/gain) of the evaluated drug. Categorical weight loss (≥ 3%) and adherence were reported in two studies: one reported that numerically more adherent versus non-adherent PwD lost ≥ 3% weight regardless of the drug’s weight profile, the other showed that early weight loss with a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist was significantly associated with better adherence. One study reported adherence by categorical weight change; as weight loss increased, adherence scores improved, regardless of drug type.Conclusion: Findings suggest that discontinuation rates may be lower in PwD who lose as compared to those who gain weight on T2D treatment. The evidence base on adherence and weight change is more challenging to interpret due to the range of study designs. Given the importance of weight control in T2D, further research exploring the individual’s treatment, weight journey, and behaviors over time should be undertaken.Keywords: adherence, discontinuation, type 2 diabetes, weight

Girish Degavi,1 Chala Wata Dereso,2 Sanjay Shinde,1 Shiferaw Gelchu Adola II,1 Pandiarajan Kasimayan1 1Department of Nursing, College of health and medical science, Bulehora University, Hegremariam, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2Bulehora University, Hegremariam, Oromia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Girish DegaviDepartment of Nursing, College of health and medical science, Bulehora University, Hegremariam, Oromia, EthiopiaTel +251-966686212Email girishdegavi1984@bhu.edu.etIntroduction: The production of waste is due to the result of commercial activities, consumption, and utilization of products or materials. It is further believed that mainly solid waste includes non-harmful waste which may be from households, mainly kitchens, and even from organizations and institutions, shops and various types of markets, and manufacturing industries. Solid waste handling, management, and accurate and appropriate disposal is a hot topic relating to public and environmental health concerns.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study design was incorporated to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors regarding prevention of occupational risks and health hazards among sanitary workers in Bulehora University, a government organization in West Guji Zone, Ethiopia. One hundred and ninety-one solid waste handlers found to be working in this institution were included in the study.Results: The response rate of samples in the present study was found to be 94.4%, of which the majority were females, which accounted for 79.7%. The median age of the study samples was 29 years. It was found that 64% of study samples stated good knowledge of the prevention of occupational health risks. About 76.4% of solid waste collectors had a good attitude and only 8.9% showed good practice regarding prevention of occupational health hazards. Job dissatisfaction was found to be a statistically significant factor along with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in implementing good practice work patterns among sanitation workers, even though they had been provided with basic personal protective equipment.Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need for development of plans on implementation of basic occupational health services while enforcing the provision of personal protective equipment and supervising solid waste collectors.Keywords: occupational hazards, sanitary workers, West Guji Zone, Bulehora University

In this study, CdO–SnO2 nanocomposite and CdSnO3 perovskite thin films were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 350°C. The composition of cadmium (Cd) and tin (Sn) was varied in the ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The resultant thin films were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of both CdO–SnO2 nanocomposite and CdSnO3 perovskite phases. FESEM revealed spherical nanoparticles for CdO–SnO2 and cubic nanoparticles for CdSnO3, while TEM analysis showed particle sizes ranging from 21 to 27 nm. The gas sensing performance of prepared thin films were tested for various gases, including LPG, CO, CO2, and H2, at operating temperatures from room temperature (RT) to 450°C. The film with a 50:50 composition demonstrated the highest gas response to LPG, with a peak response observed at 300°C and 50 ppm LPG concentration. Notably, this thin film exhibited a quick response time of 40 s and a rapid recovery time of 80 s, highlighting its potential for efficient gas sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies the effects of volume ratios on the properties of GO/(ZnxNi1−x)O ternary composite prepared by a sol–gel technique. The ratios were produced by keeping the volume of graphene oxide (GO) constant whilst varying the volumes of zinc oxide, ZnO and nickel oxide, NiO to produce GO/ZnO0.2NiO0.8, GO/ZnO0.5NiO0.5, and GO/ZnO0.8NiO0.2 nanocomposites. The structural, morphological, elemental, optical, gas sensing, and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanocomposites have been investigated. EDX results confirmed the presence of graphene oxide, nickel oxide, and zinc oxide in the composites. The bandgap energy values exhibited a reduction as compared to the constituent compounds which range from 3.1 to 3.4 eV. Functional groups belonging to carbon, oxygen, nickel, zinc were obtained. The conductivity and activation energy of the ternary composites was also determined. The gas sensing properties were tested for NH3, H2S, and Cl2 at 100 ppm and 10 V; with the highest sensitivity recorded for H2S. The synthesized ternary composites were highly effective in degradation of dye with the efficiencies of 87.3%, 86.7%, and 88.0% respectively, obtained at 0.022 per minute, 0.020 per minute, 0.024 per minute for pseudo-first order rate constant. Results from the characterization show potential application of the composites in gas sensing and photocatalytic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]