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This paper reports the results of NO2 gas sensing performance through photoluminescence method. The pure and Li substituted (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% w/w) zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via simple aqueous solution growth technique.The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. PL spectral studies indicated that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles possess more vacancies or lattice defects compared to the well explored ZnO nanoparticles prepared using various other synthesis techniques. The presented work focuses on optical gas sensing at room temperature under normal atmospheric pressure to detect the presence of nitrogen dioxide. The optical NO2 gas sensing studies revealed the substantial role of Li doping on the sensing properties of the synthesized samples, with gas concentrations ranging from 500 ppb to 30 ppm. Remarkably, 0.3% w/w Li-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated an 70.25% response to 30 ppm NO2 gas, with a quick response time (τ) of 16 s and a recovery time of approximately 21 s at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. The short response, recovery time, high sensing response, low detection limit and stability exhibited by 0.3% Li-ZnO nanoparticles make them promising candidate fordesigning efficient and reliable optical sensors for NO2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Shishu Niketan and Triveni public schools of Pokhara, Nepal from 28/02/2023 to 27/03/2023 adolescents with BMI of 95th or more than 95th percentile was enrolled in the study from 10-19 age in years group after obtaining assent and consent from parents, child, and school authority. MATERIAL AND METHODS Out of 65 sample, 20% had moderate, 75% had good and only 4.6% had high level of psychological general well-being. Place of residence is significant P=0.001. RESULTS Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being which affects psychological well-being of children, leads to anxiety, low self-esteem. Schools play a large role in preventing childhood obesity by providing a safe and supporting environment with policies and practices that support healthy behaviors as well as parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally and the seventh most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are prominent risk factors for HNSCC. HPV-positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) differs from HPV-negative OSCC in terms of risk factors, preferential site of origin, age, histomorphological features, molecular genetic alterations, and prognosis. The prominent basaloid morphology and lobular growth of OSCCs are associated with p16 positivity and p53 negativity, respectively. Aim: To establish the immunohistochemical expression of p16 (p16INK4a) and p53 in OSCC and to assess their relationship with specific histomorphological features, in the form of solid growth of cells in a lobular configuration, small crowded cells with scant cytoplasm, dark hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study involved fifty cases of OSCC over a two-year period from January 2017 to January 2019 at Army Hospital (R and R) Delhi Cantt. The intensity of p16 and p53 protein expression was graded as follows: no staining (0), weak staining (1), moderate staining (2), and strong staining (3). The proportion/percentage of staining for p16 and p53 protein expression was calculated as follows: 1-4% (1), 5-19% (2), 20-39% (3), 40-59% (4), 60-79% (5), and 80-100% (6) cells stained. A quick score of 0-1 (negative), 2-3 (weak positive), 4-5 (moderate positive), and >6 (strong positive) was assessed. Cross tables were generated and the Chi-square test was used for testing associations. The Statistical Software for Data Science (STATA)-14 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 50 cases of OSCC were analysed for histomorphological features and immunohistochemical patterns of p16 and p53. The age distribution showed that 8 (16%), 9 (18%), 18 (36%), 13 (26%), and 2 (4%) of the patients were in the age groups of 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and above 70 years, respectively. The gender distribution noted 42 (84%) males and 8 (16%) females. Genital and non-genital mucosa are usually involved by HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16, 18, and 16, 18, 11, 13, 2, respectively. HPV-16 has been demonstrated in 90-95% of all HPV-positive HNSCC cases, followed by HPV-18, HPV-31, and HPV-33. p53 is considered the guardian of the genome and controls the expression and activity of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. More than 50% of all primary HNSCC exhibit p53 mutation. Conclusion: A significant correlation was observed between age, dysplasia, keratinisation, basaloid morphology versus p16 expression, and lobular growth, histological grade versus p53. An inverse relationship between p16 and p53 expressions was observed. The immunohistochemical expression of p16 as an immunohistochemical marker of HPV, along with p53, is recommended. Due to the constraint of the study period, the survival of the patients could not be assessed in correlation with p16 and p53 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the developing countries, India is one of those that recognises the importance of biotechnology. The trajectory of different policies being formulated over time is proof that the government is progressing towards achieving self-sufficiency. However, to cater to the ever-growing biotech industry, skilled manpower is required. This article therefore brings together reflections on the evolution of biotech education in India with the aim of giving an exposition on the diversity of issues concerning its growth and expansion within the country.

Objective: To compare the thickness of buccal bone around single dental implants placed in the anterior maxilla (premolar to premolar) inserted with different placement protocols. Data Sources: An electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE, from January 1980 to July 2015. Mean buccal bone thickness around single dental implants was measured and correlation with implant placement protocols, loading protocols, and augmentation method was assessed. A Q-test was used to access the homogeneity of levels of effect. A univariate meta-regression analysis was used for further investigation of the between-study heterogeneity. Two randomized clinical trials and 12 cohort studies were included for statistical analysis. The difference in buccal bone thickness for implants placed with different implant placement protocols (early vs immediate vs delayed) was not statistically significant (P > .05). Loading protocols (immediate vs delayed) also did not significantly influence the thickness of buccal bone. Descriptive analysis showed different buccal bone thickness for dental implants that received different bone grafting materials at the time of placement. Conclusion: Different implant placement and loading protocols may not significantly affect the thickness of the buccal bone around single dental implants in the anterior maxilla. Different bone graft materials at the time of implant placement may have an effect on buccal bone thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to extract Phytochemical constituent from Cinnamon Bark and to design and develop the transdermal patch of the herbal drug along with modern medicine Glibenclamide using solvent casting method to reduce the dose required to obtain same pharmacological the effect, also to reduce the toxicity of the drug. Methods: The Glibenclamide Transdermal patches were formulated by using the solvent casting method. The physical and chemical similarity of the medication and the base of patches were studied by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The outcomes recommended no physical and chemical properties incongruence between the medication and the patch base. The formulated transdermal patches were assessed for the weight difference, fatness, folding endurance, wetness, moisture captivation, ex vivo drug release, ex vivo drug absorption. Results: The diffusion examines were performed by utilizing the Franz diffusion cell and everted gut sac method. The best formulation F5 showed Thickness 0.230±0.009mm, Weight uniformity 0.170±0.021gm, % Moisture uptake 8.307±1.00 Moisture content 5.045±0.214, % Drug content 80.80±0.091, Folding endurance27±4.50. Formulation F5 exhibits the highest % cumulative drug release 67.90±1.01% in 8hrs and highest %Drug absorbed 4.263±0.41 in 120 min. Conclusion: It can be concluded the formulation no. F5 shows maximum bioenhancing action compared to all other patches which contains Glibenclamide along with the Ethanolic extract of the Cinnamon bark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, characterisation and quantitative microanalysis were identified for six expansive soils of which one is natural soil, i.e. black cotton (BC) soil and remaining soils were prepared by mixing of BC soil with different percentage of bentonite. The BC soil and prepared soil samples were characterised by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The regular or irregular mixed layers of soils justified by SEM images. There are superstructures whose spacing can simply be described as the ratio of BC soil and prepared soil. d-Spacing was calculated by Bragg's formula (XRD) which was observed by joint committee on powder diffraction standards card and calculated by Bragg's equation for h-k-l plane for expansive soils and it was observed that d-spacing decreased with increasing prepared soil combination. Moisture content was taken below optimum moisture content, i.e. 15%, 17% and 20% to determine swelling and swelling pressure and found that montmorillonite mineral affects the swelling characteristics of expansive soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain is a mixture of noxious stimuli with sensation. It is commonly observed to be associated with toothache, migraine, inflammation, infection, increased ocular pressure, burn, wound, reduced blood supply to heart, intestinal colic, renal colic, parturition, and various diseases like renal calculi, cancer etc. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesic are normally used in the treatment of pain but can cause a lot of adverse effect. Therefore herbal drugs can be potential source to replace them. Every year a lot of plants form traditional medicinal system has been screened for their potential analgesic activity but only few of them only included in health care system after clinical research. Colocasia esculenta is important medicinal plant in India and it is used in various treatment of disease. In this paper, The analgesic activity of Hydroalcoholic extract of Colocasia esculenta was evaluated through hot plate and tail flick models. In this studythe animals were treated with Colocasia esculenta (200mg/kg & 400mg/kg), and standard Diclofenac sodium (5mg/kg). The Hydroalcoholic extract of Colocasia esculenta of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant analgesic activity in the hot plate method (p<0.01) by increasing the pain reaction time (PAT) of the rats to sec 34.24±3.015**and 37.28±3.006** respectively at 90 min after treatment in comparison to control (40.26±5.055). In tail Flick Method Hydroalcoholic extract of Colocasia esculenta of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant analgesic activity (p<0.001) by increasing the pain reaction time (PAT) of the rats to sec 4.30±0.025*and 6.13±0.031** respectively at 90 min after treatment in comparison to control (4.26±0.055) The results of the study concluded the Colocasia esculenta plant exhibits analgesic activity and further studies of Colocasia esculenta plant were suggested to isolate the active principles responsible for the analgesic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy3+‐doped CaAl12O19 phosphors were synthesized utilizing a combustion method. Crystal structure and morphological examinations were performed respectively using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to identify the phase and morphology of the synthesized samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) estimations were carried out using the KBr method. Photoluminescence properties (excitation and emission) were recorded at room temperature. CaAl12O19:Dy3+ phosphor showed two emission peaks respectively under a 350‐nm excitation wavelength, centered at 477 nm and 573 nm. Dipole–dipole interaction via nonradiative energy shifting has been considered as the major cause of concentration quenching when Dy3+ concentration was more than 3 mol%. The CIE chromaticity coordinates positioned at (0.3185, 0.3580) for the CaAl12O19:0.03Dy3+ phosphor had a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6057 K, which is situated in the cool white area. Existing results point out that the CaAl12O19:0.03Dy3+ phosphor could be a favorable candidate for use in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wax precipitated from oil mixtures primarily consists of C18 to C36 (macro crystalline waxes) or C30 to C60 (micro crystalline waxes), both made of aligned paraffinic and naphthenic molecules. Paraffins have significant impact on wax deposition characteristics as paraffin waxes react and respond easily to temperature changes due to its straight chain structure. In this paper, 12 light crudes of different origin were analyzed by DSC. Method was standardized for the determination of WAT in light crudes and these were found to have WAT ranging from 10 to 30°C. Wax content is proportional to enthalpy of crystallization (ΔH) and the ΔH ranges from 3 to 9 J/g. WAT and wax content do not follow the same trend which is understandable as these parameters depends not only on the concentration and molecular weight of the waxes but also on the chemical nature of both waxy and non waxy part of the crude oil. To understand the trend in WAT, these crudes were also analyzed for paraffinic carbon (Cp), Saturates and CH2/CH3ratio by NMR spectroscopy and carbon number distribution by HT-GC. It was observed that WAT correlates fairly well with CH2/CH3ratio which is in an indicator of normal paraffin content as WAT depends primarily on the nature / type of paraffins. The anomalies can be explained through carbon–wise n-paraffin content by HT-GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assembly of a death-inducing signaling complex is a key event in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, enabling activation of the caspase cascade and subsequent cell death. However, the molecular events governing DISC assembly have remained largely elusive because of the lack of information on mechanism and specificity regulating the death effector domain (DED)-DED interaction network. Using molecular modeling, mutagenesis, and biochemical and ex vivo experiments, we identified the precise binding interface and hot spots crucial for intermolecular DED chain assembly. Mutation of key interface residues (Leu42/Phe45) in procaspase-8 DED-A completely abrogated DED chain formation in HEK293 cells and prevented its association with FADD. A significant 2.6-3.6-fold reduction in procaspase-8 activation was observed in functional cell-death assays after substitution of the interfacial residues. Based on our results we propose a new model for DISC formation that refines the current understanding of the activation mechanism. Upon stimulation, FADD self-associates weakly via reciprocal interaction between helices a1/a4 and a2/a3 of the DED to form an oligomeric signaling platform that provides a stage for the initial recruitment of procaspase-8 through direct interaction with a1/a4 of DED-A, followed by sequential interaction mediated by helices a2/a5 of DED-B, to form the procaspase-8 DED chain that is crucial for its activation and subsequent cell death.--Singh, N., Hassan, A., Bose, K. Molecular basis of death effector domain chain assembly and its role in caspase-8 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HtrA2, a trimeric proapoptotic serine protease is involved in several diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Its unique ability to mediate apoptosis via multiple pathways makes it an important therapeutic target. In HtrA2, C-terminal PDZ domain upon substrate binding regulates its functions through coordinated conformational changes the mechanism of which is yet to be elucidated. Although allostery has been found in some of its homologs, it has not been characterized in HtrA2 so far. Here, with an in silico and biochemical approach we have shown that allostery does regulate HtrA2 activity. Our studies identified a novel non-canonical selective binding pocket in HtrA2 which initiates signal propagation to the distal active site through a complex allosteric mechanism. This non-classical binding pocket is unique among HtrA family proteins and thus unfolds a novel mechanism of regulation of HtrA2 activity and hence apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) by defecto became a knowledge organisation tool, particularly in S&T libraries all over the world. Like DDC updations and revisions, the UDC has also been revised from time to time and incorporates many new classes and changes in the changing context. The third revised edition of UDC in 2005 has many changes. But unfortunately, the common auxiliaries of places, particularly India and its states, are very inadequate even in the recent published edition of UDC. Hence, classifiers and LIS schools all over the country are facing sever problem in assigning the numbers of newly formed states and districts of India. Therefore, this study is an attempt to provide a solution to the above problem by giving a depth schedule for common auxiliaries of places for Indian states, districts, and historically significant entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing involves a complex interaction between cells, mediators, growth factors, and cytokines. The cascade of events starts with activation of the procoagulant pathway and recruitment of inflammatory cells and is followed by a phase of cellular proliferation and tissue repair/resolution of the injury. Many biocompatible biomaterials have been extensively investigated to deliver drugs into wound beds and to improve wound healing. Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the most innovative and Novel drug delivery systems by penetrating through the skin by increasing the scope of molecules that can be delivered. TDDS that traditionally uses a patch containing loaded drug substances pressed on to the skin is convenient, painless and non-invasive, to avoid gastro intestinal (GI) tract toxicity (peptic ulcer disease). Chronic wounds and infected wounds currently pose a significant burden worldwide. Drug delivery systems (DDS) in wound healing that release antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory drugs represent a great opportunity to prevent infections or enhance the effectiveness of current commercial drugs. Several phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins are known to promote wound healing process due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Hence the the transdermal patches containing alkaloid fraction, flavonoid fraction and tannin fraction of plant extracts may shows significant wound healing activity in experimentally induced excision and incision wound model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus was known to ancient Indian physicians as ‘madumeha’. Diabetes is defined as a state in which homeostasis of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism is improperly regulated as a consequence of a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action. Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60% of the world’s population. Traditional plant-based medicines still exert great deal of importance to people living in developing countries and also serve as source to discovery of new drug candidates for a variety of diseases that threaten human health. In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. There is an urgent need in scientifically establishing Sustained Release Polyhedral Formulation and Antidiabetic Herbal Drugs for the management of Diabetes, so that we are able to come up with a more effective and potent bioactive phytoconstituents or active fraction with fewer side effects in comparison with existing synthetic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenhancers are substance entities that promote and augment the bioavailability of the drugs which are mixed with them and do not exhibit a synergistic effect with the drug. The need for bio-enhancers arises due to drugs that are poorly available, administered for long periods, toxic and expensive. Bioenhancers can be classified based on their natural origin as well as based on the various mechanisms elicited by them when in combination with drugs to improve their bioavailability. The various bio-enhancers available are piperine, garlic, Carum carvi, cyminum, naringin, lysergol, quercetin, are the potential bio-enhancers of future. Therefore, the need of the hour is to carry out extensive research on these bio-enhancers so that they could be utilized in the drug formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population explosion is a one of the most serious problem in developing countries like India. In India the population growth increased about 9.5 billion by the year 2050. The census of 2017 showed that the growth rate of population in India during the previous 10 years was about 1.13%. Annually around 17 million people are adding to our total population which leads an extra burden on the community. Population escaping has responsible for various harm and damage effects in life live resources on the earth. At present scenario various chemical methods are available for contraception but these methods are having several side effects. Thus fertility regulation is necessary for the exchange of life supporting resources as well as good reproductive life of both males and females. Herbal medicines have been used safe alternative of the chemical medicines. The evaluations of herbal plants have been in progress for several decades to identify and safe products for regulation of fertility. Various plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (25%), roots (22%), fruits (15%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (37%), and flowers (4%). Some active compounds, isolated from various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (27%), roots (25%), fruits (12%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (38%), and flowers (5%). Some active compounds, isolated from various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential. Assessment of herbal products for antifertility effects has been in wide worldwide for several decades to identify effective and safe substances for control of population. Most of availability of internationally accepted guidelines for the assessment of reproductive toxicity/antifertility potential of test substances, many published articles, on critical review, seem to lack reproducibility and are thus likely to mislead both the scientific community and the general public. In recent days the herbal medicine uses are increase their trends in our entire developing countries. A garden plant in tropical countries has been used as a traditional medicine. The unconditional growth of the world’s population stands as one of the several events of the modern time to think over. The current world population is around 6.46 billion and especially that of India is around 1.1 billion. One of the critical problems of the developing countries like in India is the geometrical increase in human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurvedic medicines have an extended therapeutic history and are still serving many of the health needs of an over sized population of the planet. However, the quality control and quality assurance still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. Herbal drugs, as one drug and in combinations, contain numerous compounds in complex matrices during which no single active constituent is chargeable for the overall efficacy. This creates a challenge in establishing internal control standards and standardization of herbal drugs. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) may be a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled in keeping with quality standards. it's designed to reduce the risks specially two cross contamination and blend up (unexpected contamination of products, causing damage to health or may be death; incorrect labels on containers, which could mean that patients receive the incorrect medicine) involved in any pharmaceutical production that can't be eliminated through testing the ultimate product. GMP covers all aspects of production: - from the starting materials, premises and equipment to the training and private hygiene of staff. GMP is that the guidelines which, - governs the assembly, distribution and provide of the drug. So, if we wish blunder growth of Ayurveda in International market then proper emphasis should tend on standardization and internal control of medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant Croton bonplandianum Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as ‘Bantulasi’ is used to treat liver disorders, skin diseases including ring worm infection, to cure the swelling of body, bronchitis and asthma. Croton bonplandianum Baill extract was investigated for chemical composition by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method and antibacterial activity was studied by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. GC-MS analysis of extract shown presence of four terpenoids constituents. Methanolic fraction obtained from ethanolic extract of C. bonplandianum leaves shown antibacterial activity against various microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]