Search

Zintl-phase materials have attracted significant research interest owing to the interplay of magnetism and strong spin--orbit coupling, providing a prominent material platform for axion electrodynamics. Here, we report the single-crystal growth, structure, magnetic and electrical/thermal transport properties of the antiferromagnet layer Zintl-phase compound β-EuIn2As2. Importantly, the new layered structure of β-EuIn2As2, in rhombohedral (R3m) symmetry, contains triangular layers of Eu2+ ions. The in-plane resistivity r(H, T) measurements reveal metal behavior with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition (TN ~ 23.5 K), which is consistent with the heat capacity Cp(H, T) and magnetic susceptibility Χ(H, T) measurements. Negative MR was observed in the temperature range from 2 K to 20 K with a maximum MR ratio of 0.06. Unique 4f7 J = S = 7/2 Eu2+ spins were supposed magnetically order along the c-axis. The Seebeck coefficient shows a maximum thermopower |Smax| of about 40 µV K-1. The kink around 23 K in the Seebeck coefficient originates from the effect of the antiferromagnetic phase on the electron band structure, while the pronounced thermal conductivity peak at around 10 K is attributed to the phonon--phonon Umklapp scattering. The results suggest that the Eu2+ spin arrangement plays an important role in the magnetic, electrical, and thermal transport properties in β-EuIn2As2, which might be helpful for future potential technical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A China Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) will be built to test and verify the feasibility of engineering and technology in practice for the future fusion reactor. Long pulse and steady-state operation will be demonstrated with duty cycle time more than 30%–50%. Because of the beta and gamma activation of the component bulk and surface dust (beryllium, carbon, and tungsten), special remote handling (RH) techniques will be required during machine maintenance periods. The divertor cassettes’ remote replacement is one of the key maintenance operations for the CFETR to meet the requirements of duty cycle time. RH maintenance strategies will have a significant impact on the layout of the machine and design of components. In this article, an overview of the CFETR divertor components’ remote maintenance strategy and the description of the maintenance process of the divertor cassettes were introduced. The engineering design features of the divertor RH systems (DHRSs) were described to meet the requirements such as high efficiency and reliability. Preliminary assessment of the divertor RH system is done in order to successfully and efficiently carry out RH maintenance tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the heating requirement of EAST tokamak, ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating is utilized as one of the main auxiliary heating methods, which plays an important role in coupling radio frequency (RF) power into the plasma. As a member of plasma facing components, ICRF antenna suffers the plasma radiation as well which is one of the causes of the thermal load on the antenna. Plasma radiation and RF thermal load during the operation of ICRF and thermal load caused by HALO current during vertical displacement event will contribute together to a huge thermal load on the surface of the antenna and consequently the structural stability and reliability of ICRF antenna will be affected. Therefore, cooling channels is needed to remove heat on the ICRF antenna. In this paper, cooling channels for straps of ICRF antenna are designed based on the thermal load on the antenna, and thermal-structural analysis of straps with cooling channels is also carried out by the finite-element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new tokamak generation will be characterized by the necessity of full remote maintenance for most of the critical components. Because no human intervention can be envisaged, the remote systems will have to prove high reliability and rescue capabilities. The availability of the fusion facility will have to be maximized, as a consequence, the efficiency of the maintenance equipment will become a key factor. To fulfill these constraints, the remote maintenance principles will need to be simplified as much as possible and be taken into account at the early stages of the tokamak design. This is an iterative process between Tokamak and Maintenance designs in order to reach the best possible tradeoff. Such an exercise of this iterative work was done on the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) preliminary design. Main targets were established in the view of optimization of the remote maintenance, then an assessment of the first maintenance scenario, envisaged for the in-vessel components, was done and alternative solutions were proposed. This process was repeated during meetings with the tokamak subsystem owners. This paper will present the results of a first phase of optimization that can represent the current state of the remote maintenance design for CFETR. The work has provided guidelines for main tokamak subsystems such as the magnet configuration, the blanket and divertor modularity, the neutron shielding and cryostat arrangement, and the transfer and hot cell configuration. It also produced some innovative solutions for the overall maintenance scheme like the implementation of a hot cell at the top of the tokamak hall avoiding cask transfers. On this basis a CFETR maintenance scenario is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association of polymorphisms in DLG5 gene (G113A, C4136A and e26) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 studies involved 26583 subjects were pooled for analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to pool the effect size. RESULTS: For G113A variant, a significant association was observed with CD risk in children (A vs. G: OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.569-0.977) and high quality studies (A vs. G: OR = 0.913, 95% CI = 0.850-0.981). Additionally, the results of genotype- phenotype analysis suggested G113A variant was associated with colonic involvement in CD. However, in overall population, the results indicated G113A variant was not associated with CD or UC. We also provided evidence that C4136A polymorphism had different effects on CD risk between Europeans (AA vs. CC: OR = 3.239, 95% CI = 1.149-9.136) and Asians (AA vs. CC: OR = 0.511, 95% CI = 0.299-0.873). For UC, patients with AA genotype of C4136A variant had a significantly increased UC risk (AA vs. CC: OR = 3.877, 95% CI = 1.168-12.867). Finally, no association was detected with G113A or e26 polymorphism in CD or UC patients. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicated G113A variant may be significantly associated with CD risk in children and colonic involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last 20 years Shengli oilfield has done research into the application of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The authors summarize and analyze MEOR progress in mechanism research and field application in Shengli oilfield. The results indicate MEOR could improve oil recovery after water flooding and polymer flooding with multiple mechanisms. Cumulative oil increment of MEOR application on seven blocks was 212,366 t. The research and application of MEOR should concentrate on air assisted microbial flooding and indigenous microbial flooding in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have summarized and analyzed the research and application of biological treatment on the oil production wastewater of Shengli oilfield. The results indicated that the biological wastewater treatment technology had special advantages in removing dissolved oil, emulsified oil, and other organic pollutants. By biological treatment or combining it with other process, oil production wastewater can be discharged, reinjected, or recycled effectively. Biological technology plays an important part in solving the problem of wastewater in the petroleum industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Deuterium high-confinement (H-mode) plasmas, lasting up to 3.45 s, have been generated in the EAST by ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating. H-mode access was achieved by coating the molybdenum-tiled first wall with lithium to reduce the hydrogen recycling from the wall. H-mode plasmas with plasma currents between 0.4 and 0.6MA and axial toroidal magnetic fields between 1.85 and 1.95 T were generated by 27MHz ICRF heating of deuterium plasma with hydrogen minority. The ICRF input power required to access the H-mode was 1.6-1.8MW. The line-averaged density was in the range (1.83-2.3)×1019 m-3. 200-500 Hz type-III edge localized mode activity was observed during the H-mode phase. The H-mode confinement factor, H98IPB(y, 2), was ~0.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest superconducting magnets (SM) for fusion are mostly force-cooled, mainly because it allows reliable electrical insulation of the coils using vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI). SM of this type have many leads, feeders and coolant tubes, located in cryostat vacuum, which must sustain high voltages, induced on them by fast current changes. However vacuum loss can spoil their insulation. A few such cases occurred during the T-15 tokamak coils testing, initially having bare leads relying upon vacuum. But its loss generated a coil quench, a protecting current dump at high voltage, followed by breakdown and arc. Even leads insulation by Teflon and fiberglass tape wrap proved to be insufficient. Nevertheless, similar tape wrap insulation of leads and feeders (ILF) was used in EAST, KSTAR, SST-1 and W-7X. So far, seven breakdowns occurred during their coil tests at operating voltage \sim<3 kV. Breakdowns never initiated in the coils, but always on their leads, feeders and sensor lines, indicating that their insulation made by tape wrap were too weak. Instead of ILF improvement some projects undertake Paschen tests. These are planned as the baseline for ITER too. But these tests are valid for the coil with open insulated surface, but are not appropriate for the final tests, when insulation should not be exposed to vacuum. Up to now ILF final tests have been done in all devices at 10–21 kV, but only in good vacuum in spite of the fact that such tests could not guarantee safe operation in case of vacuum loss. We propose to increase ILF strength to the same level, as in the coils, using vacuum-tight grounded stainless steel casings filled up by VPI over magnet leads. This will provide reliable and easily testable solid insulation. Besides, casings would exclude He leaks, providing the second vacuum tight barrier over the ILF. Thus it would increase the magnet reliability and would make it possible to avoid the needs of all single coils test. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Plasma heating using fast waves was successfully performed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in the H minority regime in deuterium plasmas at 27MHz and Bo = 2.0 T. With 1.0MW of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) power injected at a line-averaged electron density of 4.0 × 1019 m-3, the electron temperature increased from 1.0 keV to above 2.0 keV and the loop voltage dropped. An increase in the stored energy by 30 kJ was obtained. The first H-mode plasma of 6.4 s was achieved with a combination of lower hybrid wave and ICRF heating. Density pump-out was observed during L-mode discharges at a high electron density of 4.0 × 1019 m-3. In these discharges, re-attachment of the plasma was observed when ICRF power was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity, intense research has been focused on the evolution of the spin excitation spectrum on doping from the antiferromagnetic insulating to the superconducting state of the cuprates. Because of technical limitations, the experimental investigation of doped cuprates has been largely focused on low-energy excitations in a small range of momentum space. Here we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to show that a large family of superconductors, encompassing underdoped YBa2Cu4O8 and overdoped YBa2Cu3O7, exhibits damped spin excitations (paramagnons) with dispersions and spectral weights closely similar to those of magnons in undoped cuprates. The comprehensive experimental description of this surprisingly simple spectrum enables quantitative tests of magnetic Cooper pairing models. A numerical solution of the Eliashberg equations for the magnetic spectrum of YBa2Cu3O7 reproduces its superconducting transition temperature within a factor of two, a level of agreement comparable to that of Eliashberg theories of conventional superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent analysis of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites reveals strong El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like oscillating phenomena in the subpolar gyre of the North Pacific. The oscillation is further enhanced by subtracting the OBP values in the subtropical gyre, indicating a mass imbalance between these two northern gyres in these time-scales. Such OBP oscillating features have not been reported before. Motivated by the satellite observations, a non-Boussinesq ocean model that conserves mass rather than volume was used to diagnose the long-term prospect of the oscillating features. Model simulations from the years 1948 to 2006 demonstrate that the subpolar OBP oscillation correlates closely with the tropical ENSO events. Further analysis of the wind stress curl (WSC) from National Center for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) products and sea surface height (SSH) data from altimeters suggests that the tropical ENSO can affect the OBP anomaly of the subpolar gyre through an atmospheric bridge by altering and deepening the Aleutian Low and/or through oceanic waves by enhancing the water mass anomaly in the semi-closed northern Pacific basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GaN growth mechanism using Li3N flux was reinvestigated by designing a new experiment that allowed us to grow GaN simultaneously under varying Ga/Li3N molar ratios. The results confirm the two-step reactions involved in the Ga–Li3N system: Li3N+Ga→Li3GaN2+Li (1) and Li3GaN2+Ga→GaN+Li (2). It is found that reaction (2) is the main cause leading to small GaN crystals in the products. Larger GaN crystals, however, can grow by a different pathway. The growing process is concerned with the formation of Li–Ga–N melt by dissolving Li3GaN2 in Li–Ga melt after reaction (1). GaN crystals up to 3 mm grow from the Li–Ga–N melt upon cooling on the GaN particles by reaction (2). Our results suggest that it is necessary to restrain reaction (2) by choosing proper Ga/Li3N molar ratios so as to obtain GaN crystals in larger size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report Raman analysis of A1(LO) (longitudinal optical) and E2(high) phonon lifetimes in a bulk GaN single crystal and their temperature dependence from 77 K to 770 K. Both the A1(LO) and E2(high) phonons in GaN were observed decaying primarily into two phonons of equal energy [Klemens model, P. G. Klemens, Phys. Rev. 148, 845 (1966)]. This is a rare example of a high-quality free-standing GaN bulk single crystal displaying abnormal A1(LO) phonon decay. These results will have significant impact on designing and understanding of GaN-based high-speed, high-power electric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the pressure and temperature dependence of the lattice dynamics of the underdoped, stoichiometric, high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu4O8 by means of Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. This system undergoes a reversible pressure-induced structural phase transition around 10 GPa to a collapsed orthorhombic structure that is well reproduced by the calculation. The coupling of the B1g-like buckling phonon mode to the electronic continuum is used to probe superconductivity. In the low pressure phase, self-energy effects through the superconducting transition renormalize this phonon, and the amplitude of this renormalization strongly increases with pressure. Whereas our calculation indicates that this mode's coupling to the electronic system is only marginally affected by the structural phase transition, the aforementioned renormalization is completely suppressed in the high pressure phase, demonstrating that under hydrostatic pressures higher than 10 GPa, superconductivity in YBa2Cu4O8 is greatly weakened or obliterated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zintl-phase materials have attracted significant research interest owing to the interplay of magnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling, providing a prominent material platform for axion electrodynamics. Here, we report the single-crystal growth, structure, magnetic and electrical/thermal transport properties of the antiferromagnet layer Zintl-phase compound β-EuIn 2 As 2 . Importantly, the new layered structure of β-EuIn 2 As 2 , in rhombohedral ( R 3̄ m ) symmetry, contains triangular layers of Eu 2+ ions. The in-plane resistivity ρ ( H , T ) measurements reveal metal behavior with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition ( T N ∼ 23.5 K), which is consistent with the heat capacity C p ( H , T ) and magnetic susceptibility χ ( H , T ) measurements. Negative MR was observed in the temperature range from 2 K to 20 K with a maximum MR ratio of 0.06. Unique 4f 7 J = S = 7/2 Eu 2+ spins were supposed magnetically order along the c -axis. The Seebeck coefficient shows a maximum thermopower | S max | of about 40 μV K -1 . The kink around 23 K in the Seebeck coefficient originates from the effect of the antiferromagnetic phase on the electron band structure, while the pronounced thermal conductivity peak at around 10 K is attributed to the phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering. The results suggest that the Eu 2+ spin arrangement plays an important role in the magnetic, electrical, and thermal transport properties in β-EuIn 2 As 2 , which might be helpful for future potential technical applications.

High-β&#95;{θe} (a ratio of the electron thermal pressure to the poloidal magnetic pressure) steady-state long-pulse plasmas with steep central electron temperature gradient are achieved in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. An intrinsic current is observed to be modulated by turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. This turbulent current is generated in the countercurrent direction and can reach a maximum ratio of 25% of the bootstrap current. Gyrokinetic simulations and experimental observations indicate that the turbulence is the electron temperature gradient mode (ETG). The dominant mechanism for the turbulent current generation is due to the divergence of ETG-driven residual flux of current. Good agreement has been found between experiments and theory for the critical value of the electron temperature gradient triggering ETG and for the level of the turbulent current. The maximum values of turbulent current and electron temperature gradient lead to the destabilization of an m/n=1/1 kink mode, which by counteraction reduces the turbulence level (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode number, respectively). These observations suggest that the self-regulation system including turbulence, turbulent current, and kink mode is a contributing mechanism for sustaining the steady-state long-pulse high-β&#95;{θe} regime.

Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of a multi-gene molecular testing in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Methods: From February 2018 to September 2018, patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine needle aspiration(FNA) at Peking University Cancer Hospital were enrolled. Three hundred and sixty patients were included, consisting of 86 men and 274 women, with a mean age of 45.8 years (between 13 and 89 years old). Among 391 nodules, 141 were cytologically inderminate and 75 were resected. FNA samples underwent prospective testing using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay, which included 16 genes for point mutations and 26 types of gene fusions. The testing results of indeterminate nodules were compared with surgical outcomes, to determine the diagnostic performance. The results were compared with the BRAF V600E single gene mutation analysis by χ (2) test. Results: The multi-gene testing showed a sensitivity of 73.2%, specificity of 96.8%, positive predictive value of 96.8%, and negative predictive value of 73.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of multi-gene testing was significantly higher than the BRAF V600E mutation test (83.3% vs 73.6%, χ(2)=31.588, P< 0.01). Conclusion: Multi-gene testing in FNA samples is an effective method to diagnose cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, which has a higher accuracy than BRAF V600E mutation detection.

Objective: To further recognize the clinical characteristics of non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct through the retrospective analysis of cases, with the purpose of providing references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method: Collect 54 cases of non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct, and analyze their clinical characteristics after history taking, physical examination, audiometry and imaging examination. Measure the biggest width of midpoint between internal and external of vestibular aqueduct on temporal bone thin-section CT, and analyze the relationship between the pipe width and sides of ear, types of hearing loss and degree of hearing loss through t test. Result: All 54 patients with non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct had bilateral ear involvement. There were 42 cases with prelingual deafness, 12 cases with postlingual deafness, and there were 38 ears with severe deafness, 70 ears with profound deafness. Ninety-six ears of hearing loss showed sensorineural deafness, and 12 ears manifested mixed deafness. The biggest width of midpoint between internal and external of vestibular aqueduct spread over 1.60-3.90 mm, and the average was 2.60 mm. There were no significant differences in data between left and right sides, degree of hearing loss and type of hearing loss. Conclusion: Non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct mainly manifests serious sensorineural deafness, and the diagnosis depends on imaging examination. There is no difference in the degree of expanding between left and right ear, and the extent of enlargement is not related to the type and the severity of hearing loss., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objectives: To analyze the polymorphism of 71 SNP loci on Y chromosome in Han population of Northwest China, to assess its forensic application value, and to screen out Y-SNP loci for forensic examination of Han population in East, South, and Northwest China based on the integration of previous research results., Methods: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） were performed on 71 Y-SNP loci of 202 unrelated Han male individuals in Northwest China. Gene diversity （GD） and haplotype diversity （HD） values were calculated, and then Y-SNP loci of Han population in East, South, and Northwest China were screened with the combination of data from previous research., Results: Among the detected 71 loci, 67 loci were polymorphic in the Northwest Han male population, with GD values 0.010 0-0.502 2. There were 22 and 25 loci with a moderate （0.2≤GD<0.3） and high （GD≥0.3） amount of genetic information, respectively. There were 26 loci for the Han communities in Northwest, South, and East China., Conclusions: Y-SNP loci are potential in paternity testing and individual identification, as well as the judgement of population distribution and migration., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for the detection of lateral lymph node metastases in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A total of 109 lateral lymph nodes with suspicious metastases from 85 patients were retrospectively subjected to FNAC, fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin measurement (FNATg), and FNATg/SerumTg measurement. Lymph node pathological results after surgery were taken as the gold standard. Using Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson linear model and ROC curve were used for data analysis. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNATg for the diagnosis of lateral neck lymph node metastasis were respectively 93.7%, 90.0% and 93.3% and those of FNATg/SerumTg were respectively 89.9%, 90.0% and 93.2% respectively, the threshold values for FNATg and FNATg/SerumTg were 0.925 ng/ml and 1.007, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNATg combined with FNAC were respectively 91.0%,93.5% and 94.4%. The existence of thyroid tissue and the expression of serum Tg did not affect the expression of lymph node FNATg. The FNATg cutoff value of 0.925 ng/ml showed the best diagnostic performance in patients with a thyroid gland, while the FNATg/SerumTg cutoff ratio of 14.95 showed the best diagnostic performance in patients without a thyroid gland. The serum TgAb significantly interfered with the expression of FNATg in the lateral neck metastatic lymph nodes ( P =0.049). Conclusions: FNATg alone or the combination of FNATg with FNAC are highly reliable in the diagnosis of lateral neck lymph node metastases in patients with PTC. The expression of TgAb may interfere with the accuracy of the diagnostic performance of FNATg.

This article focuses on the controversial issues in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. Several commonly used molecular tests, especially gene mutation and fusion detection, in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules and the prognosis evaluation of thyroid cancer are introduced. For the thyroid nodules with uncertain indeterminate cytology, different molecular screening methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, DNA detection, especially multi-gene molecular testing based on next-generation sequencing has better sensitivity and specificity. Besides being used in diagnosis, it can also detect gene mutations related to tumor prognosis, such as BRAF (V600E) mutation and TERT promoter mutation, which is increasingly widespread and accepted.

Objectives: To analyse the genetic polymorphisms of 66 biallelic genetic markers on Y chromosome in Eastern Chinese Han population, and evaluate their values in forensic application., Methods: Genotyping of 66 biallelic genetic markers on Y chromosome was studied in 205 unrelated males of Eastern Chinese Han population by multiplex PCR combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. The allele frequencies on the loci to be tested were calculated by direct counting method, and the gene diversity （GD） and haplotype diversity （HD） were calculated by corresponding formulas. The haplotypes of this system were tested by software Arlequin v3.5.2.2 and the comparison of population genetics were analyzed., Results: A total of 60 biallelic genetic markers on Y chromosome were polymorphic in males of Eastern Chinese Han population, and the ranges of GD were from 0.038 5 to 0.501 9. Eighty-five different haplotypes were observed and the HD was 0.970 3. The differences of partial SNP loci between the Han population of Eastern China and that of Xinjiang and Guangdong were statistically significance., Conclusions: Sixty biallelic genetic markers and the detection system can complementally provide genetic information in kinship testing and individual identification. The MALDI-TOF-MS technology is able to type biallelic genetic markers., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine)

Objective: To study the risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia., Methods: Totally 414 patients with thyroid diseases who underwent total or near total thyroidectomy at Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute from June 2007 to June 2014 were studied retrospectively. There were 119 male and 295 female patients with a median age of 47 years. The clinical and pathological features that related to post-operative hypoparathyroidism were studied by χ(2) test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis., Results: Of the 414 patients, 36.2% developed transient hypocalcemia, 36.5% developed transient hypoparathyroidism, 2.2% developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. In regression analysis, unilateral or bilateral center lymph node dissection were associated with mild transient hypocalcemia after surgery (OR=2.366, P=0.022; OR=5.216, P=0.000); unilateral or bilateral center lymph node dissection as well as surgical options were significant risk factors for severe transient hypocalcemia (OR=4.029, P=0.001; OR=8.384, P=0.000; OR=2.073, P=0.017) and hypoparathyroidism (OR=1.755, P=0.040; OR=4.144, P=0.000; OR=2.287, P=0.000). The parathyroid hormone concentration on postoperative day 1 was an independent risk factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR=2.011, P=0.014). The concentration of parathyroid hormone threshold <5.28 ng/L was a predictor to permanent hypoparathyroidism with accuracy of 95.0%., Conclusions: Bilateral center lymph node dissection is a risk factor of permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients received total thyroidectomy should be taken thoughtfully. The parathyroid hormone concentration on postoperative day 1 provides better prediction for persistent hypoparathyroidism.

Several months after left radical mastectomy without irradiation therapy for breast cancer, a 74-year-old woman developed severe edema on the homolateral arm extending to the axilla. Ten years later, purplish to brownish blotch and nodules accompanied with heating sensation and pain appeared and increased in size gradually on the left forearm. The patient was treated by irradiation therapy under the clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of Stewart-Treves syndrome and almost all of the skin lesions and symptoms disappeared after irradiation of 6450 rads.