Search

Managing the rising number of visitors to protected areas (PAs) without compromising their environmental goals is a critical challenge that requires a complete understanding of how and when visitors use these spaces. Georeferenced data from fitness-tracking apps can provide detailed information about the visitor's spatiotemporal behaviour inside PAs, but its potential is still underexplored. This study uses georeferenced data, from Wikiloc, to analyse the visitors' spatiotemporal behaviour in Alvão Natural Park, Portugal. Our findings show that: 52% of the visitors' use is concentrated around the Fisgas de Ermelo Waterfall; photos' hotspots coincide with the waterfalls and viewpoints facing them; 2% of the routes crossed a zone where recreational use is illegal; Spring (26%) and April (11%) receive the most visitors; 52% of routes are done on the weekends; 66% of visitors are inside the park during noon; start/end places are located near parking spaces; the most frequent times to start a route are between 08:00-13:00 hrs, ending between 13-18:00 hrs. A new method was developed to calculate daily visitor numbers without photo concentration bias. These results offer valuable insights that can aid in PAs' environmental and recreational use management by quickly providing detailed and low-cost visitor monitoring data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mountain belts, strath terrace staircases serve as markers for deriving river incision rates and erosional patterns. Distinguishing between terrace patterns influenced by external perturbations like changes in climate and tectonics and those driven by internal dynamics including feedbacks between topography, erosion and sediment transport remains challenging. We demonstrate that in a collisional mountain belt, lithology can act as a first‐order control on the spatial and temporal scales of strath terrace formation. Here, we investigate the role of lithology in modulating internal dynamics and the formation of strath terraces in the Mgoun River catchment of the High Atlas in Morocco, a region characterised by constant low‐rate rock uplift, a cyclical cool‐warm/arid‐humid Quaternary climate history and contrasting bedrock lithologies. By collecting (1) modern river and terrace clast data, (2) bedrock strath and strath‐top sediment elevations of four terrace levels, (3) terrace sedimentology and (4) integration with published terrace chronology, we found a dominance of local sediment input from hillslopes, mostly from recycled bedrock conglomerates. Additionally, we found valley width, controlled by the stratigraphic and structural configuration of lithological erodibility, significantly impacts sediment connectivity. The isolation between valleys with varying widths results in varied timescales of river channel response to hillslope coupling, with hillslope‐derived stochastic sediment gravity flows preserved in fluvial terraces in some river reaches and not in others. Furthermore, asynchronous terrace formation and abandonment ages result from the low longitudinal river connectivity between multiple valleys formed in erodible rock separated by gorges in high‐strength rock. These gorges limit knickpoint migration rates, inhibiting the ability of terraces formed in one valley to spread through the catchment. These findings can inform future research distinguishing between autogenic and external signals in erosional landscapes and help carefully derive river incision rates and climate insights from terraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Vol. 8, Europe, edited by Timothy Rice, James Porter, and Chris Goertzen. New York and London: Garland Publishing, 2000. xxix, 1,144 pp.; compact disc. [...]

How has "the migrant crisis" affected musicology? What "edges" now appear, with what implications for musicology's persistent call to historicize? This article suggests these have been more persistent questions than the current language of "crisis" might suggest. Taking some examples with the ongoing Syrian war as a backdrop, the implications of Mieke Bal's injunction to "remember with" are explored as a route to thinking through the dilemmas of activism and compassion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following conversation is what was humorously called a "jammin' article", which was an attempt to improvise a mostly theoretical dialogue on a variety of themes broadly defining Martin Stokes' oeuvre until today. It is a sort of "free improvisation" produced in the course of spontaneous and rather intimate dialogic writing, as it developed as a non-prescriptive and open-ended process: there was no preset structure or any sort of detailed discussion about our writing strategy, neither any sophisticated editing. Moreover, it is in no way, neither has it aspired to become, an exhaustive overview of the plethora of issues pertaining Martin Stokes' work, which besides would be impracticable given the article's economy of words. Most important, such an overview would inevitably be incomplete, as Martin Stokes continues to be a prolific and highly impactful scholar and researcher. Instead, what follows is a specific knot of questions and reflections born out of the residuum of reading and digesting Stokes ever since the early stages of my ethnomusicological studies - questions and reflections also intuitively sculptured in the course of our "jamming". I am deeply thankful to Martin Stokes for accepting my proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postbreeding bacterial uterine infections inflict major losses on the equine industry. Microcurrents propelled by ciliated cells between the folds of the uterus and cervix have been proposed as a means by which contaminants are expelled. Previous data have shown possible ciliary microcurrents propelling carbon particles, occasionally rotating, through cervical folds. However, adherence to the epithelium may have interfered with movement of carbon in these studies. Therefore, we tested potentially nonadherent substances to reveal ciliary microcurrents on the equine cervix under high magnification videoendoscopy. We hypothesized that polyethylene green microspheres 1–5 and 70 μm in diameter, would be superior to carbon in revealing microcurrents on the cervical epithelium and that 50 μm hemispherically coated bichromal microspheres would display rotation. A suspension containing these microspheres and carbon was deposited onto the cervix of five estrous mares, and movement of each type of particle was recorded under high-magnification videoendoscopy for 10–20 minutes. Particles were subjectively assessed for movement between folds, past stationary points, in opposing directions and at different speeds. Visibility, aggregation, motion, and rotation were scored numerically and analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Backward rotation of bichromal spheres was interpreted as evidence of ciliary activity. Overall, carbon scored equal to or higher than the microspheres, leading to rejection of the hypothesis. Subjective assessment concluded that cervical movement was closely related to respiratory movements of the mare, and that the constantly moving cervical folds helped clear the deposited particles. • Movement of particles consistent with mucociliary clearance was observed. • These observations are not proof of the existence of mucociliary clearance. • Movement was best illustrated by a mixture of carbon and 1–5 μm microspheres. • Cervical folds appeared to facilitate the expulsion of mucus and particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The survival of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and zooepidemicus in soiled equine bedding (SEB) and compost was evaluated. Dacron bags containing SEB were inoculated with 1010 c.f.u. of each subspecies, and stored at 21°C–23°C for 24 hours, then placed in compost windrows containing SEB and feed waste (Experiments 1 and 2). Streptococci were quantified immediately after inoculation in the bags, and during the 336 hours after placement in the windrow. Next, SEB, autoclaved and nonautoclaved, was inoculated with 1010 c.f.u. of each subspecies and sampled from 0 to 264 hours (Experiment 3). Finally, SEB was dried at 37°C for 48 hours and sterile water added (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mL) to 5 subsamples of 100 g of dried bedding, which were inoculated with 1010 c.f.u of each subspecies and sampled at intervals from 0 to 120 hours (Experiment 4). In Experiments 1 and 2, heavy Streptococcal growth was detected immediately after inoculation of Dacron bags, but no Streptococci were isolated 48 hours after placement in compost windrows. In Experiment 3, S. zooepidemicus was isolated from sterilized SEB up to 168 hours. In nonsterilized SEB, Streptococci were isolated up to 72 hours (P <.001). In Experiment 4, S. equi was isolated from dried SEB, with no added water, up to 120 hours, whereas in dried SEB, with added water, S. equi , was isolated up to 48 hours (P <.001). These data suggest that, depending on moisture, microbes in SEB may eliminate equine Streptococci. Highlights • Streptococci were not detected after 24 hours at 21°C–23°C in soiled equine bedding. • Elevated temperatures were not necessary to eliminate Streptococci. • Elimination of Streptococci was most likely due to endogenous microflora. • There was a significant effect of moisture content on Streptococcal elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]