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Background and aims: Although young children's gaze behaviors in experimental task contexts have been shown to be potential biobehavioral markers relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we know little about their everyday gaze behaviors. The present study aims (1) to document early gaze behaviors that occur within a live, social interactive context among children with and without ASD and their parents, and (2) to examine how children's and parents' gaze behaviors are related for ASD and typically developing (TD) groups. A head-mounted eye-tracking system was used to record the frequency and duration of a set of gaze behaviors (such as sustained attention [SA] and joint attention [JA]) that are relevant to early cognitive and language development. Methods: Twenty-six parent--child dyads (ASD group =13, TD group =13) participated. Children were between the ages of 3 and 8 years old. We placed head-mounted eye trackers on parents and children to record their parent- and child-centered views, and we also recorded their interactive parent--child object play scene from both a wall- and ceiling-mounted camera. We then annotated the frequency and duration of gaze behaviors (saccades, fixation, SA, and JA) for different regions of interest (object, face, and hands), and attention shifting. Independent group t-tests and ANOVAs were used to observe group comparisons, and linear regression was used to test the predictiveness of parent gaze behaviors for JA. Results: The present study found no differences in visual experiences between children with and without ASD. Interestingly, however, significant group differences were found for parent gaze behaviors. Compared to parents of ASD children, parents of TD children focused on objects and shifted their attention between objects and their children's faces more. In contrast, parents of ASD children were more likely to shift their attention between their own hands and their children. JA experiences were also predicted differently, depending on the group: among parents of TD children, attention to "objects" predicted JA, but among parents of ASD children, attention to their children predicted JA. Conclusion: Although no differences were found between gaze behaviors of autistic and TD children in this study, there were significant group differences in parents' looking behaviors. This suggests potentially differential pathways for the scaffolding effect of parental gaze for ASD children compared with TD children. Implications: The present study revealed the impact of everyday life, social interactive context on early visual experiences, and point to potentially different pathways by which parental looking behaviors guide the looking behaviors of children with and without ASD. Identifying parental social input relevant to early attention development (e.g., JA) among autistic children has implications for mechanisms that could support socially mediated attention behaviors that have been documented to facilitate early cognitive and language development and implications for the development of parent-mediated interventions for young children with or at risk for ASD.

Due to the presence of stacking angles during the transportation of coal flow by belt conveyors, the shape of the coal flow is approximately triangular. It can easily lead to blind spots in detection. In order to solve this problem, a coal flow detection system for belt conveyors based on dual lidar is proposed. The method places two single-line lidars on the left and right sides above the belt conveyor, and measures the outer contour feature points of the coal flow in each half of the area. The method uses the fusion algorithm to fuse the outer contour feature points of the coal flow in the left and right areas. Then the method uses the least squares polynomial fitting algorithm to calculate the outer contour of the coal flow in the entire area, thus achieving blind spot-free measurement of the coal flow contour. The method uses the photoelectric encoder to achieve the real-time detection of the conveyor belt running speed. The method uses the trapezoidal area accumulation method to calculate the coal flow cross-sectional area. The method uses the panel integration method to calculate of the coal flow rate of the belt conveyor. The on-site test results show that when there is no coal bias, the scanning results of single/dual lidar are basically consistent, and the system measurement error is 2%~3%. The results meet the requirements of coal flow detection. When there is coal bias, the system error based on a single lidar is relatively large. The result cannot meet the requirements of coal flow detection. The measurement error based on a dual lidar system can still be maintained at 2% to 3%. The paper proposes a selection criterion for single/dual lidar. It is concluded that the coal flow detection system based on dual lidar is more suitable for belt conveyors in the presence of coal bias or large blocks of coal.

There has been virtual explosion of studies published in cognitive neuroscience primarily due to increased accessibility to neuroimaging methods, which has led to different approaches in interpretation. This review seeks to synthesize both developmental approaches and more recent views that consider neuroimaging. The ways in which Neuronal Recycling, Neural Reuse, and Language as Shaped by the Brain perspectives seek to clarify the brain bases of cognition will be addressed. Neuroconstructivism as an additional explanatory framework which seeks to bind brain and cognition to development will also be presented. Despite sharing similar goals, the four approaches to understanding how the brain is related to cognition have generally been considered separately. However, we propose that all four perspectives argue for a form of Emergentism in which combinations of smaller elements can lead to a greater whole. This discussion seeks to provide a synthesis of these approaches that leads to the emergence of a theory itself. We term this new synthesis Neurocomputational Emergentism (or Neuromergentism for short).

Foam thermal insulators are indispensable for prevailing energy‐saving engineering, however their widespread use brings intractability such as unsustainability, "white pollution", and fire hazards. The emergence of bio‐based foams is highly appreciated, but the fabrication approaches are economically unattractive and/or the product properties are inferior, making their large‐scale implementation unviable. Herein, a versatile, thermally remoldable phosphate‐containing polyurethane composite foam (LPU‐G) is constructed from natural lignin and expanded graphite flakes via an atmospheric pressure and scalable one‐pot strategy. The optimal LPU‐G exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, capable of supporting over 6000 times its weight without significant deformation. Moreover, the LPU‐G demonstrates the desired multifunctionality in handling extreme circumstances, including humidity‐tolerant thermal insulation, superb water vapor barrier, and withstanding ≈1200 °C flame without ignition. Based on the "expansion‐conductivity" micro‐mechanism, LPU‐G is the first foam material to be constructed as a sensitive fire alarm system with an ultra‐long alarm time (>1800 s). Surprisingly, LPU‐G can be rapidly upcycled into recyclable bulk composites for a second life through simple thermo‐molding processes rooted in the multi‐dynamic behavior of the phosphate, carbamate, and hydrogen bonds. The easy‐to‐scale LPU‐G represents a new generation of thermal insulators that address concerns regarding unsustainability, high cost, fire risk, and inferior mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the research hotspots and trends in the field of CSCs through the bibliometric analysis of the literature on CSCs. Methods Based on the core database of Web of Science, CiteSpace was used to analyze the annual distribution of published articles, authors, institutions, countries, journals, citations and keywords, and to explore the frequency, centrality and clustering of key words. Results (1) A total of 8131 articles were included after screening. China was the country with the largest number of articles, and Sun Yat-Sen University was the organization with the largest number of articles; (2) The hot spots in the field of CSCs are the research of CSCs in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, the research of CSCs sorting and identification of molecular markers ALDH and genes PTEN, Sox2, C-myc, EZH2, the mechanism of EMT inducing the production of CSCs and promoting tumor metastasis, cellular and molecular mechanisms of CSCs resistance to chemical, radiation and targeted drug attacks, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and tumor microenvironment regulate the differentiation of CSCs and targeted inhibition of CSCs in the treatment of malignant tumors; (3) The research trend of CSCs is CSCs stem research-biological mechanism of CSCs-CSCs application in the treatment of cancer. Conclusion The focus and direction of CSCs research are EMT inducing CSCs to promote tumor metastasis, CSCs resisting chemical attack, mesenchymal stem cells regulating CSCs, the metabolism of CSCs, and inhibitors targeting CSCs at present and in the future.

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor that originates from neural/Schwann cells. GCTs can occur at any age and at any site in the body. The most common site is the tongue, followed by the mammary gland, upper respiratory tract ( throat and bronchus), and gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, large intestine and perianal area, stomach, small intestine, and bile duct). Malignant GCTs account for less than 1%–2% of all GCTs. Fewer than five GCTs in the thoracic wall have been reported, almost all of these benign. Here, we report a new case of malignant GCT of the thoracic wall, with rib invasion and pleural metastasis, in an Asian male. Microscopic examination revealed round, granular cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and without prominent atypia. Despite these findings the disease showed rapid clinical progression. In summary, the tumor, although histologically ‘benign’, was clinically ‘malignant’.

Helical baffle heat exchanger has a wide application in many industrial fields because of its high efficiency and low resistance. A new structure of the grooved helical baffle is proposed to strengthen the stability between the overlapped baffles during the spiral flow of fluid. Based on this structure, the liquid water was selected as the working medium in the tube side and shell side, the flow field characteristics and heat transfer performances of the quadrant helical baffle heat exchanger are numerically analyzed using software FLUENT 2017. The results show that when the helical angle is large (50°) and the overlapped amount is small (0.5), the comprehensive performance of the heat exchanger is the best. Therefore, the heat exchanger performance can be improved by choosing the appropriate combination of helical angle and overlapped amount. The correlation formula of the shell side heat transfer coefficient with helical angle, overlapped amount and mass flow rate is obtained by means of regression analysis, which can provide a reference for engineering application and optimal design of grooved helical baffle heat exchanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Racial disparities in kidney transplant access and posttransplant outcomes exist between non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients in the United States, with the site of care being a key contributor. Using multi-site data to examine the effect of site of care on racial disparities, the key challenge is the dilemma in sharing patient-level data due to regulations for protecting patients' privacy. Materials and Methods We developed a federated learning framework, named dGEM-disparity (decentralized algorithm for Generalized linear mixed Effect Model for disparity quantification). Consisting of 2 modules, dGEM-disparity first provides accurately estimated common effects and calibrated hospital-specific effects by requiring only aggregated data from each center and then adopts a counterfactual modeling approach to assess whether the graft failure rates differ if NHB patients had been admitted at transplant centers in the same distribution as NHW patients were admitted. Results Utilizing United States Renal Data System data from 39 043 adult patients across 73 transplant centers over 10 years, we found that if NHB patients had followed the distribution of NHW patients in admissions, there would be 38 fewer deaths or graft failures per 10 000 NHB patients (95% CI, 35-40) within 1 year of receiving a kidney transplant on average. Discussion The proposed framework facilitates efficient collaborations in clinical research networks. Additionally, the framework, by using counterfactual modeling to calculate the event rate, allows us to investigate contributions to racial disparities that may occur at the level of site of care. Conclusions Our framework is broadly applicable to other decentralized datasets and disparities research related to differential access to care. Ultimately, our proposed framework will advance equity in human health by identifying and addressing hospital-level racial disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]