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Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socialiniai Tyrimai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Darbo ir šeimos įsipareigojimų derinimas yra viena svarbiausių šeimos politikos sričių. 2011 m. Lietuvoje įgyvendinti šios politikos srities priemonių pakeitimai. Nuo 2011 m. liepos reglamentuojant motinystės (tėvystės) išmokas sumažintos šios rūšies išmokos ir įtvirtinta tėvų teisė pasirinkti iš dviejų galimų išmokų gavimo modelių. Taikant naująjį reglamentavimą, taip pat skatinamas tėvų ankstesnis grįžimas į darbo rinką. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip priėmus minėtą reglamentavimo pakeitimą keitėsi išmokų gavėjų struktūra ir pasirinkimai, t. y. atliekama poveikio analizė. Taip pat analizuojama, kokį poveikį naujoji tvarka turi moterų grįžimui į darbą. Analizė atlikta remiantis „Sodros" (Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondo valdybos) statistiniais duomenimis ir „Sodros" ekspertų interviu. Ji parodė, kad naujasis motinystės (tėvystės) išmokų reglamentavimas sustiprina vyro - šeimos maitintojo modelio bruožus, nepakankamu mastu skatina moteris grįžti į darbą ir gali lemti didesnę moterų finansinę priklausomybę nuo vyrų bei augantį lytimi paremtą familializmą. The main focus of this article is on parental leave and allowance system in Lithuania. This study analyses main changes in this system, when in 2011 new version of Sickness and maternity social insurance law was adopted in Lithuania. Article presents and discusses theoretical models of family policy, analyses Lithuanian family policy and job/paternity reconciliation problems. With reference to different authors', the article is based upon theoretical discussion of family policy models. Traditional male breadwinner model is opposed to other models: caregiver-parity model, dual-earner model and dual-carer model. Analysis of state social insurance parental allowance system and beneficiaries in Lithuania is conducted based on data sets from State Social Insurance Fund Board and expert interviews. There are two main questions answered in the article: what is the structure of parental leave beneficiaries and how did it change after amendment of Sickness and maternity social insurance law; what are the typical choices of those going for parental leave. What work/family model is induced by these changes and does it comply with the aims of the new Sickness and maternity social insurance law. Analysis of Lithuanian state social insurance parental allowance system and choices of beneficiaries showed clear policy tendencies to move forward to more male breadwinner model. With the emphasis on long periods of absence from work and relatively small compensations, new parental leave policy devalues family care in relation to employment and does not provide choices for women to (re-)move from family care to employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an investigation into public perceptions of foodrelated risks and food purchasing behavior in Lithuania. Study results reveal that food-related concerns are prevailing in Lithuanian society over concerns about many environmental, health and technological risks such as global climate change, nuclear power or genetic engineering. The authors argue that modern food-related risks can be characterized as 'out of personal control' risks, and their predominance in the public attitudes of Lithuanians denotes that food cultures are becoming cultures of fear on the level of perception. Research revealed that the inhabitants of Lithuania are highly concerned about food safety compared to other European countries; however, these concerns are not reflected in patterns of food purchasing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologija: Mintis ir Veiksmas is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethnicity Studies / Etniskumo Studijos is the property of Lithuanian Social Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to analyze trends of environmental activism in Lithuania implemented by nongovernmental organizations. The authors of the article present theoretical analysis of forms of environmental activism as well as findings of empirical research „Environmental Activism of Lithuanian Non-governmental Organizations". The research was conducted using methods of qualitative and quantitative content analysis and interview. Empirical findings lead to analysis of the forms of environmental activism characteristic to Lithuanian NGO's, analysis of partnership networks, spectrum of addressed environmental problems, indication of social groups that are targeted by the NGO's, and the way that leaders of NGO's assess the efficiency of various environmental actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologija: Mintis ir Veiksmas is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences (1392-0758) is the property of Kaunas University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences (1392-0758) is the property of Kaunas University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the underlying factors of sustainable consumption behavior. Survey data are employed to test the impacts of environmental attitude, knowledge, social awareness, perceived credibility of information sources, self-efficacy and gender on sustainable consumption patterns among samples of university students in Iran and Japan. This contributes to the scientific search for valid explanatory models that could be employed to foster lifestyle transformations towards sustainability. Our findings confirm positive relationship between self-efficacy, social awareness and sustainable consumption in both Japanese and Iranian samples. Other predicators did not have a consistent effect in both samples. This article also presents the results of moderated regression and discusses which impacts were moderated by gender. The discussion presents with interpretation of the findings and proposes possible alternative explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking its primary interest in active environmental citizenship, this paper aims at evaluating a case of an educational intervention designed to foster environmental citizenship among undergraduate students at a technological university. The study employs a survey methodology implementing a recently validated environmental citizenship questionnaire. A randomized pre-group –post-group quasi-experimental survey design explores students' environmental citizenship attributes before and after the intervention course, 'Sustainable Development', in comparison to students who participated in a general elective course, 'Media Philosophy'. The results show that the participation in the intervention course induced positive change in students' environmental citizenship in comparison to the control group. Additional analysis indicates that environmental citizenship is significantly related to environmental attitudes, nature experiences during childhood and adolescence, and gender. The article provides a timely contribution shedding light on how specific pedagogical approaches in higher education can foster environmental citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of geospatial analytical tools has recently advanced risk perception research, with growing interest in spatial dimension. Available reviews of risk perception studies usually focus on specific types of risk or look at various socio-psychological, cognitive and cultural factors, and there are no systematic reviews of empirical research analysing the effect of proximity on risk perception. This article synthesizes the evidence from 81 empirical studies that investigate the significance of proximity on subjective risk perception. The systematic review focused on summaries of research methods, samples, geographic coverage, measurements and direction of influence of proximity variables on risk perception and types and sources of risk. The majority of the studies analysed implemented quantitative research. The most popular data collection methods were face-to-face interviews and postal surveys, but only half had representative samples. Studies looking into the effect of proximity on risk perception most often analysed environmental and technological risks. Two-thirds of the empirical studies found a significant impact of proximity on risk perception; the majority of these showed a positive correlation, with respondents living closer to hazards having higher risk perceptions. Negative correlations of risk perception with proximity are more characteristic of nuclear risks. Co-occurrence analysis of sources-of-risk and objects-at-risk has identified three most frequent clusters: impact of floods on economic properties; impact of other natural hazards on economic properties and impact of industrial facilities on health and lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]