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With the development of coal mining and the increase in excavation depth, the stress on roadway surrounding rock is also increasing. This creates conditions for crack development in the roadway, so it is urgent to develop rock repair materials with excellent performance. The ability of thin spray-on liner (TSL) to repair rock and concrete opens up the possibility of reusing abandoned roadways. The ability of TSL to support the surrounding rock is also important in preventing the generation of roadway waste. In this paper, styrene–acrylic emulsion (SAE), vinyl acetate–ethylene copolymer emulsion (VAE), and polyvinyl alcohol powder (PVA) were used to prepare three TSLs. Rock-like materials were configured using cement mortar according to similar principles. Three types of TSLs were tested for basic properties such as viscosity and mechanical strength, which provided data to support the explanation of the repair performance of TSLs. Three TSLs were used to repair pre-cracked rock-like specimens (PR). The number of brushing times and the angle of PR's cracks were regarded as test variables. Changes in the mechanical strength of repaired PRs were tested by compressive and flexural tests. TSL repair performance was evaluated with the help of mechanical strength changes. Results show that polyvinyl alcohol powder modified cement-based thin spray-on liner is most suitable for repairing rock cracks; as the thickness of the brush slurry increases, its repair performance continues to improve. This paper can provide experience and a theoretical basis for the research of other rock repair materials, and it is also instructive for repairing shotcrete in the roadway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual maturity of the terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) technology, it is widely used in the field of deformation monitoring due to its fast, automated, and non-contact data acquisition capabilities. The TLS technology has changed the traditional deformation monitoring mode which relies on single-point monitoring. This paper analyzes the application of TLS in deformation monitoring, especially in the field of ground surface, dam, tunnel, and tall constructions. We divide the methods for obtaining ground surface deformation into two categories: the method based on point cloud distance and the method based on displacement field. The advantages and disadvantages of the four methods (M2M, C2C, C2M, M3C2) based on point cloud distance are analyzed and summarized. The deformation monitoring methods and precisions based on TLS for dams, tunnels, and tall constructions are summarized, as well as the various focuses of different monitoring objects. Additionally, their limitations and development directions in the corresponding fields are analyzed. The error sources of TLS point cloud data and error correction models are discussed. Finally, the limitations and future research directions of TLS in the field of deformation monitoring are presented in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to distinguish patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from patients with normal controls (NCs) by measuring the levels of N -acetyl aspartate (NAA), total creatinine (tCr), and choline (Cho) in their hippocampus (HIP) and their posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to predict the cutoff value on the ratios of metabolites. We further aimed to provide a reference for the diagnosis of MCI in elderly patients in China. Methods: About 69 patients who underwent a clinical diagnosis of the MCI group and 67 patients with NCs, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, and MRS of the bilateral HIP and bilateral PCG were considered. The ratio of NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr in the bilateral HIP and bilateral PCG was calculated. The relationship between the ratios of metabolites and the scores of MMSE and MoCA was analyzed, and the possible brain metabolite cutoff point for the diagnosis of MCI was evaluated. Results: Compared with the NC group, the scores of MMSE and MoCA in the MCI group decreased significantly (p < 0.05); the ratio of NAA/tCr in the bilateral HIP and bilateral PCG and the ratio of Cho/tCr at the right HIP in the MCI group decreased significantly (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the ratio of Cho/tCr in the left HIP and bilateral PCG between the two groups (p > 0.05). The correlation coefficient between MMSE/MoCA and the ratio of NAA/tCr was 0.49–0.56 in the bilateral HIP (p < 0.01). The best cutoff value of NAA/creatine (Cr) in the left HIP and the right HIP was 1.195 and 1.19. Sensitivity, specificity, and the Youden index (YDI) in the left HIP and the right HIP were (0.725, 0.803, 0.528) and (0.754, 0.803, 0.557), respectively. Conclusion: The level of metabolites in the HIP and the PCG of patients with MCI and of those with normal subjects has a certain correlation with the score of their MMSE and MoCA. When the value of NAA/tCr in the left HIP and right HIP is <1.19, it suggests that MCI may have occurred. According to this cutoff point, elderly patients with MCI in China could be screened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is on the rise, early detection of cognitive impairment of the elderly is very important. In traditional Chinese medicine, constitution is related to the susceptibility of the human body to diseases. Based on the theory of constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the human population can be classified into 9 constitutions. However, little is known about the characteristics of medical constitution and related biomarkers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We measured the TCM Constitution of 214 subjects by using the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ). MMSE and MoCA were used to assess cognitive function. The subjects were divided into mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, n = 152) and normal control group (NC, n = 62). The levels of serum Hcy and serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2α were determined. Results: 1) It was found that there was a significant difference in constitution types between MCI and NC. There were significant differences in MMSE and MoCA score, serum Hcy and serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2a levels between the two groups. 2) In logistic regression analysis, the variables with statistical significance were TCM Constitution of Yang-Deficient, Phlegm-Dampness, Blood-Stasis and abnormal increase of Hcy (OR> 1). 3) The MoCA scores had a positive correlation with the MMSE. A statistically significant inverse association was found between serum Hcy, blood and urine 8-iso-PGF 2a and scores of cognitive assessment in MCI. Conclusion: Constitution types (Yang-Deficient, Phlegm-Dampness and Blood-Stasis) and abnormal serum Hcy elevation can be used as risk factors for MCI. MoCA scores can serve to detect MCI at early stage. Serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2α has a certain relationship with MCI. Higher levels of serum/urine 8-iso–PGF 2α are more likely to be associated with MCI risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ageing effect of Yisui moxibustion on regulating the klotho protein and insulin (INS)/IGF-1 signalling cascade in d-galactose mice. Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups after the Morries test: the normal sodium, model, moxa cone moxibustion 1 and 2, and sham groups. The treatment and model were given d-galactose injection for 70 days, while mice in the normal sodium group were injected the same dosage of normal sodium. From day 13 after the first injection, the three treatment groups were treated every day for 58 days. The INS and klotho in the cerebral tissues were measured. p-Akt, p-FoxO3a, Klotho, SOD2 expression were observed immunohistochemically. The escape latency of mice in the model and sham were significantly prolonged, and the spanning original platform times were significantly decreased compared with the normal sodium and moxa cone moxibustion 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). The content of INS and klotho in the model was significantly lower than the normal sodium, moxa cone moxibustion 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). Compared with the model and sham, p-Akt and p-FoxO3a expression in moxa cone moxibustion 1 and 2 were markedly decreased (p < 0.05), and the expressions of klotho and SOD2 were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in hippocampal CA1. Yisui moxibustion could exert the antioxidative effect on klotho protein, which negatively regulated the insulin signalling pathway and its downstream elements in cerebral tissue and hippocampal CA1, so as to enhance learning and memory capacities, delay brain ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor markers are beneficial for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of lung cancer. However, the value of tumor markers in lung cancer histological diagnosis is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the serum levels of six tumor markers (CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC, NSE, ProGRP, and CA125) in 2097 suspected patients with lung cancer and determined whether the combination of the tumor markers was useful for histological diagnosis of lung cancer. We found that CYFRA21-1 was the most sensitive marker in NSCLC. ProGRP showed a better clinical performance than that of NSE in discriminating between SCLC and NSCLC. The serum level of CYFRA21-1 or SCC was significantly higher in squamous carcinoma (p<0.05), and the levels of ProGRP and NSE were significantly higher in SCLC (p<0.05). According to the criteria established, SCLC and NSCLC were discriminated with sensitivity of 87.12 and 62.63% and specificity of 64.61 and 99.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma were 68.1 and 81.63% and 70.73 and 65.93%, with NPV of 46.03 and 68.97% and PPV of 85.82 and 79.47%, respectively. Our results suggested the combination of six tumor markers could discriminate the histological types of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, posterior cingulate gyrus, mild cognitive impairment, choline hippocampus Keywords: N-acetyl aspartate; creatine; choline hippocampus; posterior cingulate gyrus; mild cognitive impairment EN N-acetyl aspartate creatine choline hippocampus posterior cingulate gyrus mild cognitive impairment 1 2 2 10/14/21 20211012 NES 211012 In the original article, there were mistakes in Table 1 and Table 2 as published. Additionally, Table 2 incorrectly showed the data calculation results of 64 patients with MCI and 30 patients with NC. [Extracted from the article]

• BMSC-EVs can be delivered to macrophages and miR-17 expresses highly in BMSC-EVs. • MiR-17 carried by BMSC-EVs reduces the LPS-induced macrophage inflammation. • MiR-17 carried by BMSC-EVs reduces the sepsis response in mice. • MiR-17 carried by BMSC-EVs regulates EZH2/TRAIL axis via BRD4. • MiR-17 carried by BMSC-EVs might provide a novel therapy for sepsis. Sepsis, as a disease affecting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion, results in tissue hypoxia and multiple organ dysfunctions. Bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been demonstrated to transfer trivial molecules (proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA and lipids) to alleviate sepsis. We sought to define the function of microRNA (miR)-17 carried in BMSC-EVs in sepsis. The purity of the extracted BMSCs was identified and confirmed by detection of the surface markers by flow cytometry, followed by osteoblastic, adipogenic, and chondrocyte differentiation experiments. Subsequently, EVs were collected from the medium of BMSCs. The uptake of PKH-67-labeled BMSC-EVs or EVs carrying cy3-miR-17 by RAW264.7 cells was observed under laser confocal microscopy. Furthermore, a series of gain- and loss-of-function approaches were conducted to test the effects of LPS, miR-17 and BRD4 on the inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), number of M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages, inflammatory-related signal pathway factors (EZH2, c-MYC and TRAIL), macrophage proliferation, and apoptosis in sepsis. The survival rates were measured in vivo. BMSC-EVs was internalized by the RAW264.7 cells. BDR4 was verified as a target of miR-17, while the expression pattern of miR-17 was upregulated in BMSC-EVs. MiR-17 carried by BMSC-EVs inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells, but improved the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Next, in vitro experiments supported that miR-17 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells through BRD4/EZH2/TRAIL axis. BRD4 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-17. Moreover, the therapeutic function of BMSC-EVs carried miR-17 was verified by in vivo experiments. MiR-17 derived from BMSCs-EVs regulates BRD4-mediated EZH2/TRAIL axis to essentially inhibit LPS-induced macrophages inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of moxa cone moxibustion on N -acetyl aspartate/total creatinine (NAA/tCr) and choline/total creatinine (Cho/tCr) in the bilateral hippocampus (HIP) and bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) and to provide imaging basis for moxa cone moxibustion treatment for MCI., Methods: One hundred eight patients with MCI were served as the MCI group, and 67 age-matched subjects were enrolled as the normal control group. The MCI group was randomized and allocated into acupoint group, drug group, and sham acupoint group, with 36 cases in each group. Some patients in each group withdrew. Finally, 25 cases were included in the acupoint group, 24 cases in the drug group, and 20 cases in the sham acupoint group. The drug group was treated with oral donepezil hydrochloride. The acupoint group and sham acupoint group received moxa cone moxibustion treatment. Mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores were recorded before intervention, at the end of the first and the second months of intervention, and in the 5th month of follow-up. The NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr ratios in the HIP and PCG were bilaterally measured by 1 H-MRS before and after intervention., Results: Before intervention, compared with the normal control group, the MMSE and MoCA scores, the Cho/tCr ratio in the right HIP, the NAA/tCr ratio in the bilateral HIP, and the NAA/tCr ratio in the left PCG in the three treatment groups decreased significantly (both p < 0.01), and the NAA/tCr ratio in the right PCG significantly reduced in the acupoint and drug groups ( p < 0.05). After two months of treatment, compared with the normal control group, there were no differences in the MoCA scores, the NAA/tCr, and Cho/tCr ratios in the bilateral PCG and bilateral HIP in the three treatment groups ( p > 0.05). However, the MMSE scores in the drug group decreased when compared with the acupoint group and normal control group ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The scores of MMSE and MoCA in the acupoint group and sham acupoint group at all time points were better than those in the drug group, which were similar to those in the normal control group., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that moxibustion could improve the cognitive function of patients with MCI. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of abnormal brain metabolism in HIP and PCG., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Mai, Zhang, Liu, Tang, Wei, Su, Duan, Teng, Nong, Yu, Li, Shao, Deng, Chen and Zhao.)