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The emergence of Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections among indigenous populations has been reported. Usually, indigenous communities live in extreme poverty and are at risk of acquiring infections. In Brazil, healthcare inequality is observed in this population. To date, there are no reports of CA-MRSA infections, and no active search for asymptomatic S. aureus carriage has been conducted among Brazilian Indians. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of colonization with S. aureus and CA-MRSA among Brazilian Indians. We screened 400 Indians (from near urban areas and remote hamlets) for S. aureus and CA-MRSA colonization. The isolates were submitted to clonal profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and selected isolates were submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among 931 specimens (nasal and oral) from different indigenous individuals in remote hamlets, S. aureus was cultured in 190 (47.6%). Furthermore, CA-MRSA was found in three isolates (0.7%), all SCCmec type IV. PFGE analysis identified 21 clusters among the S. aureus isolates, and MLST analysis showed a predominance of sequence type 5 among these isolates. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of S. aureus carriage among Shanenawa ethnicity individuals (41.1%). Therefore, ethnicity appears to be associated with the prevalence of S. aureus in these populations.

(1) Background: Peritonitis due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB) is a dramatic complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with bad outcomes. Previous studies of PD-related peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species have shown a low-resolution rate, without a high resistance rate to antipseudomonal antibiotics. This suggests that bacterial virulence factors can act and influence peritonitis evolution. This study aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of NF-GNB causing PD-related peritonitis and analyze their influence on the outcome. (2) Methods: We analyze the 48 isolates from NF-GNB peritonitis, which were stored in our culture collection regarding bacterial resistance, biofilm, and other virulence factors’ production, and clonal profile. Additionally, we collected data on treatment and outcomes from patients’ clinical registers. (3) Results: The etiologies were species of Pseudomonas (50%), Acinetobacter (36%), and other NF-GNB (14%). There was a high (75%) proportion of biofilm producer lineages. The in vitro susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas spp. to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime was significantly greater than that of Acinetobacter spp. and other species; however, there was a similar low-resolution rate (Pseudomonas species have a polyclonal profile, while we found a clone of five multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii over an 8-year interval (2000–2008), which suggest an origin from the healthcare environment. (4) Conclusions: We are not able to identify any predictor of outcome, but it is possible that biofilm and others virulence factors can act in concert and contribute to the bad outcome.

O desperdício de alimentos é inaceitável diante da quantidade de pessoas que passam fome no mundo. Novas tendências tecnológicas visando estética e praticidade tem transformado as embalagens em novas fontes de desperdício. Diante do exposto objetivou-se com o presente trabalho contabilizar o desperdício de iogurte causado por diferentes tipos de embalagens comerciais e verificar a opinião de consumidores a respeito da importância da embalagem e do desperdício que algumas podem causar. Observou-se que o desperdício causado por essas embalagens pode chegar a ordem de 12% de produto, variando entre tampa e corpo e que a impressão das pessoas sobre as embalagens realmente está relacionada à praticidade e estética e até mesmo a marca, além do que, não se dá muita importância para o fator desperdício. Por fim acredita-se que além de uma revisão na estrutura de produção e na cadeia de comercialização a consciência do consumidor quanto ao desperdício deve ser resgatada.

A secagem de produtos alimentícios consiste na redução do seu volume e de sua massa durante o processo de desidratação que ocorre através da remoção de água. Esta operação unitária é amplamente utilizada na indústria com o objetivo de obter um produto com determinadas especificações de mercado. Entre as variáveis que mais influenciam este fenômeno, pode-se citar o tempo e a temperatura. Matematicamente, o estudo da cinética de secagem de produtos alimentícios é realizado considerando a determinação de parâmetros que caracterizam a cinética de secagem. Neste trabalho é formulado e resolvido um problema de otimização que consiste da minimização da diferença entre os dados experimentais e o calculado usando diferentes modelos matemáticos, empregados para estudar as características de secagem de dois produtos alimentícios, a saber, abacaxi e banana usando Algoritmos Genéticos. Foram determinadas quatro equações empíricas para a cinética de secagem de cada um dos produtos estudados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a metodologia proposta configurou-se como uma interessante abordagem para a estimação de parâmetros

A mangaba é um fruto do cerrado, rica em ferro e fonte de vitamina C mas com alta perecibilidade. Com o objetivo de reduzir os desperdícios e aumentar o processamento desse fruto, foi elaborado um sorvete a partir da polpa do fruto, em uma formulação integral e em outra sem lactose e diet, para atender a consumidores com restrições alimentares. Os sorvetes foram analisados quanto ao pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e derretimento. E submetidos a análise sensorial por 30 provadores, que mostraram aceitação de ambos, mesmo sendo possível detectar diferença entre eles. A produção de sorvetes é viável para aumentar o processamento de mangaba e evitar desperdícios

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Abstract Açai and juçara are palm trees that produce similar fruits. However, only the sale of açai is growing on the market for pulps and processed products for human consumption. The aim of this study was to compare açai and juçara pulps from the chemical, bioactive, rheological and technological points of view. Sorbets were elaborated with the pulps and evaluations were carried out regarding the antioxidant activity, polyphenols, anthocyanins, pH, acidity, soluble solids, ratio and colour. The pulps were evaluated rheologically and the sorbets for melting time. Juçara showed better results regarding the bioactive parameters (antioxidants ≈ 151 uM ferrous sulphate/ g and anthocyanins ≈ 77 mg.100g-1) and presented a more intense colour (Chroma 17). The pulps were physicochemically similar. The sorbet preserved much of the nutrients and presented a very intense colour, mainly in the juçara sorbet.

Abstract Peritonitis due to gram-negative bacilli (GNB), particularly nonfermenting GNB (NF-GNB), is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis with a low resolution rate. Beyond the patient’s condition, microbiological properties such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and other virulence factors can explain the poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of patient condition, microbiological characteristics, including biofilm production, and treatment on peritonitis outcome. We reviewed the records of 62 index episodes caused by NF-GNB that occurred between 1997 and 2015 in our center. The etiologies were species of Pseudomonas (51.6%), Acinetobacter (32.2%), and other NF-GNB (16.1%). There was a high (72.9%) proportion of biofilm producer lineages. The in vitro susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas spp. to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime was significantly greater than that of Acinetobacter spp. and other species; however, there was a similar low resolution rate (