85 results on '"Thiam S"'
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2. A Series of Collaborations Between Various Pharmaceutical Companies and Regulatory Authorities Concerning the Analysis of Biomolecules Using Capillary Electrophoresis
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Nunnally, B., Park, S. S., Patel, K., Hong, M., Zhang, X., Wang, S. -X., Rener, B., Reed-Bogan, A., Salas-Solano, O., Lau, W., Girard, M., Carnegie, H., Garcia-Cañas, V., Cheng, K. C., Zeng, M., Ruesch, M., Frazier, R., Jochheim, C., Natarajan, K., Jessop, K., Saeed, M., Moffatt, F., Madren, S., Thiam, S., and Altria, K. more...
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- 2006
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3. Investigation of the Chemical Differences between Native and Bypass Coronary Artery Plaques from the Same Heart Using Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS-NMR)
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Thiam, S., Treleaven, D., Cook, R., Tracy, R. E., Robinson, J. W., and Warner, I. M.
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- 2004
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4. Elution behavior of unsaponifiable lipids with various capillary electrochromatographic stationary phases
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Abidi, S.L, Thiam, S, and Warner, I.M
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- 2002
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5. Perceptions of caregivers of sick children toward a possible malaria vaccine in Kenya
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Ojakaa, D.I., Javis, J., Matilu, M.I., and Thiam, S.
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- 2014
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6. Effectiveness of a strategy to improve adherence to tuberculosis treatment in a resource-poor setting: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
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Thiam S, LeFevre AM, Hane F, Ndiaye A, Ba F, Fielding KL, Ndir M, Lienhardt C, Thiam, Sylla, LeFevre, Andrea M, Hane, Fatoumata, Ndiaye, Alimatou, Ba, Fatoumata, Fielding, Katherine L, Ndir, Moustapha, and Lienhardt, Christian more...
- Abstract
Context: Poor adherence to treatment remains a major obstacle to efficient tuberculosis (TB) control in developing countries. Innovative strategies to improve access and adherence to treatment are needed.Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a contextualized intervention strategy aimed at improving patients' adherence to treatment and to evaluate its impact on TB control in a resource-poor country in Africa with prevalent TB infection.Design, Setting, and Patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial, conducted between June 2003 and January 2005, at 16 government district health centers in Senegal. Patients older than 15 years with newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group.Intervention: The intervention strategy included reinforced counseling through improved communication between health personnel and patients, decentralization of treatment, choice of directly observed therapy (DOT) supporter by the patient, and reinforcement of supervision activities. In the control group, the usual TB control program procedures remained unchanged.Main Outcome Measure: Proportion of patients successfully completing the 8-month course of treatment and the proportion of patients defaulting from treatment.Results: A total of 1522 patients were recruited into the study. Treatment was successful for 682 (88%) of 778 patients recruited in the intervention group, and for 563 (76%) of 744 patients recruited in the control group (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.34). The proportion of patients defaulting was reduced in the intervention group to 5.5% (n = 43) compared with 16.8% (n = 125) in the control group (adjusted RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.89).Conclusion: The intervention package based on improved patients counseling and communication, decentralization of treatment, patient choice of DOT supporter, and reinforcement of supervision activities led to improvement in patient outcomes compared with the usual TB control procedures. This approach may be generalized in the context of TB control programs in resource-poor countries.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00412009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2007
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7. Elemental Analysis of Soft Plaque and Calcified Plaque Deposits from Human Coronary Arteries and Aorta.
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Murungi, J. I., Thiam, S., Tracy, R. E., Robinson, J. W., and Warner, I. M.
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CORONARY arteries , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *ATHEROSCLEROSIS , *AORTA , *HEART , *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma spectrometry - Abstract
Twenty-five samples of soft plaque and calcified plaque deposits from human hearts or aorta were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The determined elements were Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Fe, Al, Si, and S. Results showed that the concentration of all elements in the soft plaque was at the micromolar level. In the calcified deposits, the concentrations of Ca and P were at least an order of magnitude higher than the soft plaque, but the other elements were at the same order of magnitude. In the calcified plaque the molar ratios of Ca/P suggested that a significant portion existed as hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)3. However, their absolute concentrations indicated that this compound was not a major component of the plaque although it may play a major role in determining the crystal structure of the deposit. In some samples the Ca/P ratio was too high to conform to hydroxyapatite. In others it was too low. This indicated that both the calcium and phosphorus existed in other chemical forms which varied from sample to sample. In the soft tissue the P level was high indicating it existed primarily in chemical forms other than hydroxyapatite. The presence of homocysteine is often associated with heart disease. However, the low levels of sulfur indicate that although it may be present, it is not a major component of the plaque, but may nevertheless play an important role in its formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2004
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8. Successful multigravid pregnancy in a 42-year-old patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a review of the literature
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Thiam Seong Christopher Lim, Malini Shanmuganathan, Irene Wong, and Bak Leong Goh
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Peritoneal dialysis ,Pregnancy ,Adequacy ,Advance maternal age ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background For peritoneal dialysis patients, the likelihood of conception is low and the probability of getting through the pregnancy successfully is even lower. Almost 60 years after the first reported case of a successful pregnancy in a dialysis patient, many issues concerning pregnancy in dialysis patients remain unresolved. Our patient’s pregnancy is considered high risk as she has end stage renal failure and falls in the category of advance maternal age for pregnancy. We describe here the course of her uneventful pregnancy which we hope will contribute to the overall knowledge and management of pregnancy in elderly patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Case presentation We report a successful elderly multigravid pregnancy, in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Her pregnancy was detected early and she was closely managed by the nephrologist and obstetrician. She tolerated the same PD prescription throughout 36 weeks of pregnancy with daily ultrafiltration of 500-1500mls. Her blood pressure remained well controlled without the need of any antihypertensive medication. Her total Kt/V ranged from 1.93 to 2.73. Her blood parameters remained stable and she was electively admitted at 36 weeks for a trans-peritoneal lower segment caesarian section and bilateral tubal ligation. Conclusions At the age of 42, our case is the oldest reported successful pregnancy in a patient on peritoneal dialysis. With careful counselling and meticulous follow up, we have shown that woman in the early stage of end stage renal failure can successfully deliver a full term baby without any complications. Therefore, these women should not be discourage from conceiving even if they are in advanced maternal age for pregnancy. more...
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- 2017
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9. Molecular basis of dengue virus serotype 2 morphological switch from 29°C to 37°C.
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Xin-Ni Lim, Chao Shan, Jan K Marzinek, Hongping Dong, Thiam Seng Ng, Justin S G Ooi, Guntur Fibriansah, Jiaqi Wang, Chandra S Verma, Peter J Bond, Pei-Yong Shi, and Shee-Mei Lok
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The ability of DENV2 to display different morphologies (hence different antigenic properties) complicates vaccine and therapeutics development. Previous studies showed most strains of laboratory adapted DENV2 particles changed from smooth to "bumpy" surfaced morphology when the temperature is switched from 29°C at 37°C. Here we identified five envelope (E) protein residues different between two alternative passage history DENV2 NGC strains exhibiting smooth or bumpy surface morphologies. Several mutations performed on the smooth DENV2 infectious clone destabilized the surface, as observed by cryoEM. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated how chemically subtle substitution at various positions destabilized dimeric interactions between E proteins. In contrast, three out of four DENV2 clinical isolates showed a smooth surface morphology at 37°C, and only at high fever temperature (40°C) did they become "bumpy". These results imply vaccines should contain particles representing both morphologies. For prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, this study also informs on which types of antibodies should be used at different stages of an infection, i.e., those that bind to monomeric E proteins on the bumpy surface or across multiple E proteins on the smooth surfaced virus. more...
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- 2019
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10. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study
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David Bishop, PhD, Robert A Dyer, ProfPhD, Salome Maswime, PhD, Reitze N Rodseth, ProfPhD, Dominique van Dyk, FCA, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, ProfMMed Anaes, Janat T Tumukunde, MMed Anaes, Farai D Madzimbamuto, FCA ECSA, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, FRCA, Andrew K N Ndonga, FICS, Zipporah W W Ngumi, ProfFFARCS, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, ProfFWACS, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, ProfFMCA, Eugene Zoumenou, ProfPhD, Apollo Basenero, MBChB, Dolly M Munlemvo, MD, Coulibaly Youssouf, ProfMD, Gabriel Ndayisaba, ProfMD, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, FGCS, Veekash Gobin, MD, Patrice Forget, ProfMD, Bernard Mbwele, MSc, Henry Ndasi, DS, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, MD, Ahmadou L Samateh, FWACS, Ryad Mehyaoui, ProfMD, Ushmaben Patel-Mujajati, MMed Anaes, Chaibou M Sani, MD, Tonya M Esterhuizen, MSc, Thandinkosi E Madiba, ProfPhD, Rupert M Pearse, ProfMD Res, Bruce M Biccard, ProfPhD, Hippolyte Abadagan, N Abbas, A Ibrahim Abdelatif, Traoré Abdoulaye, A Abd-rouf, A Abduljalil, A Abdulrahman, S Abdurazig, A Abokris, W Abozaid, SOA Abugassa, F Abuhdema, SA Abujanah, R Abusamra, A Abushnaf, SA Abusnina, TS Abuzalout, HM Ackermann, YB Adamu, A Addanfour, DM Adeleke, TA Adigun, AO Adisa, Sèhivè Valéry Adjignon, NA Adu-Aryee, BB Afolabi, AFX Agaba, PKA Agaba, K Aghadi, H Agilla, B Ahmed, El-Z Ahmed, Al-J Ahmed, M Ahmed, Rene Ahossi, SA Aji, S Akanyun, I Akhideno, M Akhter, OA Akinyemi, M Akkari, Joseph Akodjenou, AL AL Samateh, ES al Shams, OT Alagbe-Briggs, EA Alakkari, RB Alalem, M Alashhab, OI Alatise, A Alatresh, MSI Alayeb Alayeb, BA Albakosh, F Albert, ANJD Alberts, AD Aldarrat, A Alfari, A Alfetore, M Algbali, A Algddar, HA Algedar, IA Alghafoud, A Alghazali, M Alhajj, A Alhendery Alhendery, FFH Alhoty, A Ali, YA Ali, Beye Seïdina Alioune, MA Alkassem, MA Alkchr, TS Alkesa, A Alkilani, F Alkobty Alkobty, Thomas Allaye, SBM Alleesaib, A Alli, K Allopi, NL Allorto, A Almajbery, R Almesmary, SHA Almisslati, F Almoraid, H Alobeidi, MA Alomami, Christella S Alphonsus, OA Alqawi, AA Alraheem, SA Alsabri, A Alsayed, B Alsellabi, M Al-Serksi, MSA Alshareef, AA Altagazi, JS Aluvale, HW Alwahedi, EA Alzahra, MA Alzarouk, K Al-Zubaidy, M Amadou, Maiga Amadou, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Al-A Amer, BT Amisi, MA Amuthenu, TWA Anabah, Felix Anani, PGR Anderson, AGB Andriamampionona, L Andrianina, A Anele, R Angelin, N Anjar, O Antùnez, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, LJC Anyanwu, AA Aribi, OA Arowolo, O Arrey, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, SB Assefa, Guy Assoum, V Athanse, JS Athombo, M Atiku, E Atito-Narh, Anatole Atomabe, A Attia, M Aungraheeta, DMA Aurélia, OO Ayandipo, AET Ayebale, HMZ Azzaidey, NB Babajee, HB Badi, EK Badianga, RB Baghni, MT Bahta, M Bai, Y Baitchu, AM Baloyi, KA Bamuza, MI Bamuza, L Bangure, OB Bankole, ML Barongo, MM Barow, Apollo Basenero, L Bashiya, CH Basson, Sudha Bechan, S Belhaj, MM Ben Mansour, D Benali, ASB Benamour, A Berhe, JD Bertie, JJA Bester, M Bester, JD Bezuidenhout, K Bhagwan, DR Bhagwandass, KAP Bhat, MMZU Bhuiyan, Bruce M Biccard, F Bigirimana, CJ Bikuelo, BE Bilby, SS Bingidimi, KE Bischof, David G Bishop, C Bitta, M Bittaye, Thuli Biyase, CA Blake, E Blignaut, F Blignaut, BN BN Tanjong, A Bogoslovskiy, PM Boloko, SKB Boodhun, I Bori, F Boufas, M Brand, Nicholas T Brouckaert, JD Bruwer, I Buccimazza, IM Bula Bula, Fred Bulamba, BC Businge, YB Bwambale, SRC Cacala, MA Cadersa, Chris Cairns, F Carlos, ME Casey, AC Castro, ND Chabayanzara, MS Chaibou, TNO Chaibva, NK Chakafa, C Chalo, C Changfoot, MC Chari, L Chelbi, JT Chibanda, HN Chifamba, N Chikh, E Chikumba, P Chimberengwa, J Chirengwa, FM Chitungo, MC Chiwanga, MM Chokoe, TM Chokwe, B Chrirangi, M Christian, B Church, JC Cisekedi, JN Clegg-Lamptey, Estie Cloete, Megan Coltman, W Conradie, N Constance, Youssouf Coulibaly, L Cronje, MA Da Silva, H Daddy, L Dahim, D Daliri, MS Dambaki, A Dasrath, JG Davids, Gareth L Davies, JT De Lange, JB de Wet, B Dedekind, MA Degaulle, V Dehal, PD Deka, S Delinikaytis, IS Desalu, Hubert Dewanou, MB Moussa Deye, C Dhege, BSG Diale, DF Dibwe, BJS Diedericks, JM Dippenaar, L Dippenaar, MP Diyoyo, Edith Djessouho, SN Dlamini, A Dodiyi-Manuel, BA Dokolwana, DP Domoyyeri, Leanne W Drummond, DE du Plessis, WM du Plessis, LJ du Preez, K Dube, NZ Dube, KD Dullab, R Duvenhage, RC Echem, SA Edaigbini, AK Egote, A Ehouni, G Ekwen, NC Ekwunife, M El Hensheri, IE Elfaghi, MA Elfagieh, S Elfallah, Mahmoud Elfiky, S Elgelany, AM Elghallal, MG Elghandouri, ZS Elghazal, AM Elghobashy, FT Elharati, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, RM Elkhwildi, S Ellis, L Elmadani, HB Elmadany, H Elmehdawi, A Elmgadmi, H Eloi, D Elrafifi, G Elsaadi, RB Elsaity, A Elshikhy, M Eltaguri, A Elwerfelli, IE Elyasir, AZ Elzoway, AM Elzufri, EO Enendu, BC Enicker, EO Enwerem, R Esayas, M Eshtiwi, AA Eshwehdi, JL Esterhuizen, Tonya M Esterhuizen, EB Etuk, O Eurayet, OR Eyelade, RF Fanjandrainy, Lionelle Fanou, Z Farina, Maher Fawzy, A Feituri, NL Fernandes, LM Ford, Patrice Forget, T François, T Freeman, YBM Freeman, VM Gacii, B Gadi, M Gagara, A Gakenia, PD Gallou, GGN Gama, MG Gamal, YG Gandy, A Ganesh, Diallo Gangaly, M Garcia, AP Gatheru, SSD Gaya, Oswald Gbéhadé, G Gerbel, A Ghnain, R Gigabhoy, DG Giles, GT Girmaye, S Gitau, B Githae, Said Gitta, Veekash Gobin, Riaz Goga, AAG Gomati, ME Gonzalez, J Gopall, Christina Salmina Gordon, O Gorelyk, M Gova, K Govender, P Govender, S Govender, V Govindasamy, JTK Green-Harris, MB Greenwood, SV Grey-Johnson, Mariette Grobbelaar, MA Groenewald, KK Grünewald, Ambroise Guegni, M Guenane, S Gueye, Marius Guezo, T Gunguwo, MG Gweder, M Gwila, L Habimana, Rodrigue Hadecon, E Hadia, L Hamadi, M Hammouda, MI Hampton, R Hanta, Tim C Hardcastle, JA Hariniaina, S Hariparsad, AH Harissou, R Harrichandparsad, SHA Hasan, HB Hashmi, MP Hayes, A Hdud, SH Hebli, HMSN Heerah, S Hersi, AH Hery, Adam Hewitt-Smith, TC Hlako, SCH Hodges, Richard Eric Hodgson, M Hokoma, H Holder, EB Holford, E Horugavye, C Houston, M Hove, D Hugo, CM Human, H Hurri, O Huwidi, AI Ibrahim, Traoré Ibrahim, OK Idowu, IE Igaga, John Igenge, O Ihezie, K Ikandi, IAR Ike, JJN Ikuku, MN Ilbarasi, IBB Ilunga, JPM Ilunga, NAV Imbangu, Z Imessaoudene, DH Imposo, AM Iraya, M Isaacs, M Isiguzo, A Issoufou, P Izquirdo, A Jaber, UV Jaganath, CS Jallow, S Jamabo, ZS Jamal, L Janneh, MJ Jannetjies, I Jasim, Megan AJ Jaworska, S Jay Narain, K Jermi, R Jimoh, S Jithoo, M Johnson, S Joomye, RM Judicael, M Judicaël, A Juwid, LP Jwambi, R Kabango, JK Kabangu, DK Kabatoro, AN Kabongo, K Kabongo, LT Kabongo, MD Kabongo, N Kady, S Kafu, M Kaggya, BNK Kaholongo, PCK Kairuki, SI Kakololo, K Kakudji, Amina Kalisa, R Kalisa, MR Kalufwelu, S Kalume, RJ Kamanda, MK Kangili, H Kanoun, Kapesa, P Kapp, JK Karanja, M Karar, K Kariuki, K Kaseke, PNK Kashuupulwa, KJP Kasongo, SK Kassa, GK Kateregga, MIS Kathrada, PM Katompwa, L Katsukunya, KAM Kavuma, Khalfallah, A Khamajeet, SB Khetrish, Kibandwa, W Kibochi, AM Kilembe, AK Kintu, B Kipng'etich, B Kiprop, VMK Kissoon, Theroshnie K Kisten, JK Kiwanuka, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, MEK Knox, AK Koledale, VL Koller, MA Kolotsi, M Kongolo, ND Konwuoh, WJ Koperski, MYK Koraz, AA Kornilov, M Zach Koto, Samantha Kransingh, D Krick, S Kruger, C Kruse, W Kuhn, WP Kuhn, AM Kukembila, KL Kule, M Kumar, Belinda S Kusel, VK Kusweje, KJ Kuteesa, YY Kutor, MA Labib, M Laksari, F Lanos, TA Lawal, Yannick Le Manach, C Lee, RM Lekoloane, SN Lelo, B Lerutla, MT Lerutla, AI Levin, TB Likongo, ML Limbajee, DM Linyama, C Lionnet, MM Liwani, E Loots, A Garrido Lopez, CLC Lubamba, KF Lumbala, AJM Lumbamba, John Lumona, RF Lushima, L Luthuli, HL Luweesi, TSK Lyimo, HM Maakamedi, BM Mabaso, M Mabina, ME Maboya, I Macharia, AM Macheka, AZ Machowski, Thandinkosi E Madiba, ASM Madsen, Farai Madzimbamuto, LJ Madzivhe, SC Mafafo, M Maghrabi, Diango Djibo Mahamane, A Maharaj, AD Maharaj, MR Mahmud, M Mahoko, NA Mahomedy, O Mahomva, TM Mahureva, RK Maila, DM Maimane, M Maimbo, SN Maina, Dela A Maiwald, MD Maiyalagan, N Majola, N Makgofa, V Makhanya, WP Makhaye, NM Makhlouf, S Makhoba, EK Makopa, O Makori, Alex M Makupe, MA Makwela, ME Malefo, SM Malongwe, DM Maluleke, MR Maluleke, K Touré Mamadou, MP Mamaleka, Y Mampangula, RM Mamy, MNR Mananjara, MTM Mandarry, DM Mangoo, C Manirimbere, A Manneh, A Mansour, I Mansour, M Manvinder, DV Manyere, VT Manzini, JK Manzombi, PM Mapanda, LC Marais, O Maranga, JPB Maritz, FK Mariwa, RS Masela, MM Mashamba, Doreen M Mashava, MV Mashile, E Mashoko, OR Masia, JN Masipa, ATM Masiyambiri, MW Matenchi, W Mathangani, RC Mathe, Christopher Y Matola, PM Matondo, R Matos-Puig, FFH Matoug, JT Matubatuba, HP Mavesere, R Mavhungu, S Maweni, CJM Mawire, T Mawisa, S Mayeza, R Mbadi, M Mbayabu, N Mbewe, WD Mbombo, T Mbuyi, WMS Mbuyi, MW Mbuyisa, Bernard Mbwele, RM Mehyaoui, ID Menkiti, LVM Mesarieki, A Metali, Serge Mewanou, L Mgonja, N Mgoqo, S Mhatu, TM Mhlari, S Miima, IM Milod, P Minani, F Mitema, A Mlotshwa, JE Mmasi, T Mniki, BO Mofikoya, JO Mogale, A Mohamed, S Mohamed, TS Mohamed, AM Mohamed, P Mohamed, I Mohammed, FAM Mohammed, M Mohammed, NM Mohammed, MP Mohlala, R Mokretar, FM Molokoane, KN Mongwe, L Montenegro, OD Montwedi, QK Moodie, M Moopanar, M Morapedi, TG Morulana, VL Moses, P Mossy, H Mostafa, SR Motilall, SP Motloutsi, Kanté Moussa, M Moutari, OM Moyo, PE Mphephu, Busi Mrara, C Msadabwe, VM Mtongwe, FK Mubeya, K Muchiri, J Mugambi, GIM Muguti, AB Muhammad, IF Mukama, MM Mukenga, FK Mukinda, PM Mukuna, ARW Mungherera, Dolly M Munlemvo, TW Munyaradzi, AA Munyika, JM Muriithi, MP Muroonga, R Murray, VK Mushangwe, M Mushaninga, VEM Musiba, JM Musowoya, S Mutahi, MGH Mutasiigwa, G Mutizira, A Muturi, T Muzenda, KR Mvwala, NM Mvwama, A Mwale, CN Mwaluka, JD Mwamba, HAM Mwanga, CM Mwangi, S Mwansa, V Mwenda, IM Mwepu, TM Mwiti, SZ Mzezewa, L Nabela, MTN Nabukenya, SM Nabulindo, K Naicker, D Naidoo, L Naidoo, LC Naidoo, N Naidoo, R Naidoo, RD Naidoo, S Naidoo, TD Naidoo, TK Naidu, NZ Najat, Y Najm, F Nakandungile, P Nakangombe, CN Namata, ES Namegabe, A Nansook, NP Nansubuga, C Nantulu, Rodrigue Nascimento, GT Naude, H Nchimunya, MA Ndaie, PN Ndarukwa, Henry Ndasi, Gabriel Ndayisaba, D Ndegwa, R Ndikumana, Andrew KN Ndonga, C Ndung'u, MC Neil, MS Nel, EV Neluheni, DS Nesengani, NT Nesengani, LE Netshimboni, AM Ngalala, BM Ngari, NBM Ngari, E Ngatia, GK Ngcobo, TS Ngcobo, D Ngorora, D Ngouane, K Ngugi, Zipporah WW Ngumi, Z Nibe, E Ninise, JC Niyondiko, PW Njenga, MN Njenga, M Njoroge, S Njoroge, W Njuguna, PN Njuki, T Nkesha, TN Nkuebe, NP Nkuliyingoma, M Nkunjana, Ernest Nkwabi, RN Nkwine, C Nnaji, I Notoane, Shaaban Nsalamba, LM Ntlhe, C Ntoto, B Ntueba, MT Nyassi, Z Nyatela-Akinrinmade, HO Nyawanda, NN Nyokabi, VN Nziene, S Obadiah, OJP Ochieng, PK Odia, OEO Oduor, EO Ogboli-Nwasor, SWO Ogendo, O Ogunbode, TO Ogundiran, O Ogutu, RW Ojewola, M Ojujo, DO Ojuka, OS Okelo, S Okiya, N Okonu, PR Olang, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, S Omoding, J Omoshoro-Jones, R Onyango, A Onyegbule, O Orjiako, MO Osazuwa, Kpatinvo Oscar, BB Osinaike, AO Osinowo, OM Othin, FFH Otman, J Otokwala, F Ouanes, Ongoïba Oumar, AO Ousseini, S Padayachee, SM Pahlana, J Pansegrouw, FP Paruk, MB Patel, Ushmaben Patel-Mujajati, AP Patience, Rupert M Pearse, JD Pembe, GN Pengemale, N Perez, MF Aguilera Perez, A Mallier Peter, M Phaff, RM Pheeha, BH Pienaar, V Pillay, KA Pilusa, MP Pochana, O Polishchuk, Owen S Porrill, EF Post, A Prosper, M Pupyshev, A Rabemazava, MS Rabiou, L Rademan, M Rademeyer, RAR Raherison, FR Rajah, MSR Rajcoomar, Z Rakhda, AHR Rakotoarijaona, AHN Rakotoarisoa, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, RR Rakotoarison, François Rakotoniaina, L Ramadan, MLR Ramananasoa, M Rambau, TPR Ramchurn, HE Ramilson, Rajesh J Ramjee, H Ramnarain, R Ramos, TJ Rampai, SR Ramphal, T Ramsamy, R Ramuntshi, R Randolph, DMA Randriambololona, WAP Ras, RAF Rasolondraibe, JDLC Rasolonjatovo, RM Rautenbach, S Ray, Sarah R Rayne, FAR Razanakoto, SR Reddy, Anthony R Reed, JR Rian, FR Rija, B Rink, AT Robelie, CA Roberts, AGL Rocher, S Rocher, Reitze N Rodseth, I Rois, W Rois, S Rokhsi, J Roos, Nicolette F Rorke, H Roura, FJ Rousseau, N Rousseau, L Royas, D Roytowski, Devan Rungan, SSR Rwehumbiza, BB Ryabchiy, V Ryndine, CR Saaiman, HK Sabwa, S Sadat, SS Saed, E Salaheddin, H Salaou, M Saleh, HM Salisu-Kabara, Hamza Doles Sama, Ahmadou L Samateh, W Sam-Awortwi (Jnr), N Samuel, DK Sanduku, Chaibou M Sani, LN Sanyang, HN Sarah, A Sarkin-Pawa, R Sathiram, T Saurombe, H Schutte, MP Sebei, MD Sedekounou, MP Segooa, EM Semenya, BO Semo, CS Sendagire, SA Senoga, FS Senusi, T Serdyn, MD Seshibe, GB Shah, R Shamamba, CS Shambare, TN Shangase, SH Shanin, IE Shefren, AA Sheshe, OB Shittu, AS Shkirban, T Sholadoye, A Shubba, N Sigcu, SE Sihope, DS Sikazwe, BS Sikombe, K Simaga Abdoul, WAG Simo, K Singata, AS Singh, S Singh, Usha Singh, V Sinoamadi, N Sipuka, NLM Sithole, S Sitima, David Lee Skinner, GC Skinner, OI Smith, CAG Smits, MSI Sofia, Gaoussou Sogoba, A Sohoub, SS Sookun, O Sosinska, Rosalie Souhe, G Souley, Thiam Souleymane, JM Spicer, Sandra Spijkerman, H Steinhaus, A Steyn, G Steyn, HC Steyn, Heidi L Stoltenkamp, S Stroyer, A Swaleh, E Swayeb, AJ Szpytko, NA Taiwo, A Tarhuni, D Tarloff, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, M Tchoupa, MO Teeka, B Thakoor, MM Theunissen, BP Thomas, MB Thomas, A Thotharam, O Tobiko, AM Torborg, SM Tshisekedi, SK Tshisola, R Tshitangano, F Tshivhula, HT Tshuma, Janat Tumukunde, M Tun, IA Udo, DI Uhuebor, KU Umeh, AO Usenbo, JdD Uwiteyimbabazi, DJ Van der Merwe, FH van der Merwe, JE van der Walt, Dominique van Dyk, JG Van Dyk, JJS van Niekerk, S van Wyk, HA van Zyl, B Veerasamy, PJ Venter, AJ Vermeulen, R Villarreal, J Visser, L Visser, M Voigt, Richard P von Rahden, A Wafa, A Wafula, PK Wambugu, P Waryoba, EN Waweru, M Weideman, Robert D Wise, EE Wynne, AI Yahya, AA Yahya, R Yahya, Y Yakubu, JJ Yanga, YM Yangazov, O Yousef, G Yousef, Coulibaly Youssouf, AA Yunus, AS Yusuf, AZ Zeiton, HZ Zentuti, Henry Zepharine, AB Zerihun, S Zhou, A Zidan, Sanogo Zimogo Zié, CZ Zinyemba, A Zo, Lidwine Zomahoun, NZ Zoobei, Eugene Zoumenou, and NZ Zubia more...
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study was done in patients having caesarean delivery in 183 hospitals across 22 countries in Africa. The inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating centres having elective and non-elective caesarean delivery during the 7-day study cohort period. To ensure a representative sample, each hospital had to provide data for 90% of the eligible patients during the recruitment week. The primary outcome was in-hospital maternal mortality and complications, which were assessed by local investigators. The study was registered on the South African National Health Research Database, number KZ_2015RP7_22, and on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03044899. Findings: Between February, 2016, and May, 2016, 3792 patients were recruited from hospitals across Africa. 3685 were included in the postoperative complications analysis (107 missing data) and 3684 were included in the maternal mortality analysis (108 missing data). These hospitals had a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 per 100 000 population (IQR 0·2–2·0). Maternal mortality was 20 (0·5%) of 3684 patients (95% CI 0·3–0·8). Complications occurred in 633 (17·4%) of 3636 mothers (16·2–18·6), which were predominantly severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding (136 [3·8%] of 3612 mothers). Maternal mortality was independently associated with a preoperative presentation of placenta praevia, placental abruption, ruptured uterus, antepartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 4·47 [95% CI 1·46–13·65]), and perioperative severe obstetric haemorrhage (5·87 [1·99–17·34]) or anaesthesia complications (11·47 (1·20–109·20]). Neonatal mortality was 153 (4·4%) of 3506 infants (95% CI 3·7–5·0). Interpretation: Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications. Neonatal mortality is double the global average. Early identification and appropriate management of mothers at risk of peripartum haemorrhage might improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in Africa. Funding: Medical Research Council of South Africa. more...
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- 2019
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11. INTERET DE LA LAPAROSCOPIE DANS LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES DOULEURS ABDOMINALES CHRONIQUES DANS LE SERVICE DE CHIRURGIE "A" DU CHU DU POINT G.
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Camara, A., Sacko, O., Soumaré, L., Koita, A., Koumaré, S., Keita, S., Camara, M., Thiam, S., Sissoko, M., Ombotimé, A., Sima, M., Togola, B., Goïta, D., Sanogo, Z. Z., and Sangaré, D.
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Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2015
12. Accesibility to Basic Urban Services in Mbour City (Senegal): An Approach Based on Geographical Information System
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Thiam Sokhna, Roșu Lucian, Faye Ousmane, Niang Aminata Diène, and Muntele Ionel
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spatial inequalities ,urban basic facilities ,Mbour ,accessibility ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The uneven spatial distribution of basic facilities within urban areas is a major problem for developing countries like Senegal due to the emphasis of accessibility disparities and the use of this services. The efforts to quantify the problem and its consequences on people are constrained by the lack of satisfactory data and methods. The study seeks to examine the spatial accessibility to basic services (access to water, health, education, economic infrastructure and transportation services) in a very heterogeneous urban system and to highlight inequalities in access for improving the geographical accessibility and to ensure equity. The article explore the use of spatial analysis method (Closest Facility) to measure the potential accessibility to services and facilities in the city of Mbour. The analyses uses all the inhabited houses of the city as the potential demand. Results emphasis unequal access to basic urban services in the city and a center-periphery model with a high concentration of services around the city. The study demonstrates the utility of this method for the identification of disadvantaged areas, decision making and planning of basic services. It also provides paths for improving accessibility in urban areas with a high density of population. more...
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- 2015
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13. Are insecticide treated bednets failing?
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Thiam S, Shoo R, and Carter J
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- 2012
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14. Scale-up of home-based management of malaria based on rapid diagnostic tests and artemisinin-based combination therapy in a resource-poor country: results in Senegal
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Thiam Sylla, Thwing Julie, Diallo Ibrahima, Fall Fatou B, Diouf Mame B, Perry Robert, Ndiop Medoune, Diouf Mamadou L, Cisse Moustapha M, Diaw Mamadou M, and Thior Moussa
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Malaria ,Treatment ,Diagnosis ,Community ,Home-based management ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Effective case management of malaria requires prompt diagnosis and treatment within 24 hours. Home-based management of malaria (HMM) improves access to treatment for populations with limited access to health facilities. In Senegal, an HMM pilot study in 2008 demonstrated the feasibility of integrated use of RDTs and ACT in remote villages by volunteer Home Care Providers (HCP). Scale-up of the strategy began in 2009, reaching 408 villages in 2009 and 861 villages in 2010. This paper reports the results of the scale-up in the targeted communities and the impact of the strategy on malaria in the formal health sector. Methods Data reported by the HCPs were used to assess their performance in 2009 and 2010, while routine malaria morbidity and mortality data were used to assess the impact of the HMM programme. Two high transmission regions where HMM was not implemented until 2010 were used as a comparison. Results and discussion From July 2009 through May 2010, 12582 suspected cases were managed by HCPs, 93% (11672) of whom were tested with an RDT. Among those tested, 37% (4270) had a positive RDT, 97% (4126) of whom were reported treated and cured. Home care providers referred 6871 patients to health posts for management: 6486 with a negative RDT, 119 infants Conclusion Home-based management of malaria including diagnosis with RDT and treatment based on test results is a promising strategy to improve the access of remote populations to prompt and effective management of uncomplicated malaria and to decrease mortality due to malaria. When scaled-up to serve remote village communities in the regions of Senegal with the highest malaria prevalence, home care providers demonstrated excellent adherence to guidelines, potentially contributing to a decrease in hospital deaths attributed to malaria. more...
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- 2012
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15. Infection à VIH en milieu carcéral : prévalence et facteurs associés.
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Ba, S., Koita, M., Diaw, F., Diop, E., Diallo, O., Gueye, A., and Thiam, S.
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Introduction Le VIH/sida est dans de nombreux pays un grave problème de santé pour les populations carcérales et constitue un sérieux défi pour les services pénitentiaires, les services de santé publique et les gouvernements nationaux. Objectifs Déterminer la prévalence de l’infection à VIH chez les détenus et d’en décrire les facteurs associés. Matériels et méthodes Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique conduite de décembre 2015 à octobre 2016 chez 600 détenus suivis à partir d’un échantillon aléatoire, représentatif du niveau national, tiré directement à partir de la base de sondage prenant en compte l’effectif des sites dans leur exhaustivité. Des questionnaires préétablis renseignant sur les caractéristiques socio-démographiques et biologiques des détenus ont permis le recueil des données. L’analyse des données à été faite avec le logiciel SPSS 18. Résultats L’enquête a porté sur un échantillon aléatoire de 600 détenus parmi lesquels 593 ont accepté le prélèvement de sang pour le test du VIH. La série était composée en majorité d’hommes (89 %). L’âge moyen était de 35 ans. La proportion d’enquêtés scolarisés était de 60 %, plus élevée chez les hommes. Concernant le statut matrimonial, la proportion de détenus mariés était de 51,8 %. Presque les trois quarts (71,2 %) en étaient à leur première incarcération et 51,8 % en détention préventive. Les motifs d’incarcération étaient variés dominés par l’usage de drogue (35,3 %) alors que seuls 4,6 % affirmaient continuer à s’adonner à la drogue durant leur séjour carcéral. Parmi les détenus 97,8 % ont déjà eu une expérience sexuelle avec un âge moyen au premier rapport sexuel de 19 ans. Seuls 20,5 % des enquêtés ont déclaré avoir utilisé un préservatif lors de leur premier rapport sexuel. Le multi-partenariat est estimé 17,8 %. La prévalence de l’infection à VIH était élevée chez les détenus (2 %) par rapport à la moyenne nationale (0,7 %). Cette prévalence était associée au sexe féminin (4,5 %) ( p = 0,0124), à l’âge inférieur à 35 ans (2,5 %) ( p = 0,346), à la non scolarisation (2,5 %) ( p = 0,046),au statut matrimonial de divorcés (8,7 %) ( p = 0,044), à l’escroquerie comme motif de détention (5,7 %) ( p = 0,11) et à la profession de femme de ménage (12,5 %) ( p = 0,002) et de commerçant (3,5 %) ( p = 0,29) avant l’incarcération. Conclusion Les détenus sont très vulnérables face à l’infection à VIH d’où la nécessité de mener des actions efficaces de prévention et de prise en charge en milieu carcéral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2017
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16. Challenges and Opportunities in Big Data Science to Address Health Inequities and Focus the HIV Response.
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Rucinski K, Knight J, Willis K, Wang L, Rao A, Roach MA, Phaswana-Mafuya R, Bao L, Thiam S, Arimi P, Mishra S, and Baral S
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- Humans, Health Inequities, Social Justice, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Big Data, Data Science
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Purpose of Review: Big Data Science can be used to pragmatically guide the allocation of resources within the context of national HIV programs and inform priorities for intervention. In this review, we discuss the importance of grounding Big Data Science in the principles of equity and social justice to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of the global HIV response., Recent Findings: Social, ethical, and legal considerations of Big Data Science have been identified in the context of HIV research. However, efforts to mitigate these challenges have been limited. Consequences include disciplinary silos within the field of HIV, a lack of meaningful engagement and ownership with and by communities, and potential misinterpretation or misappropriation of analyses that could further exacerbate health inequities. Big Data Science can support the HIV response by helping to identify gaps in previously undiscovered or understudied pathways to HIV acquisition and onward transmission, including the consequences for health outcomes and associated comorbidities. However, in the absence of a guiding framework for equity, alongside meaningful collaboration with communities through balanced partnerships, a reliance on big data could continue to reinforce inequities within and across marginalized populations., (© 2024. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2024
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17. Mass drug administration to reduce malaria incidence in a low-to-moderate endemic setting: short-term impact results from a cluster randomised controlled trial in Senegal.
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Ba Konko Ciré EH, Roh ME, Diallo A, Gadiaga T, Seck A, Thiam S, Gaye S, Diallo I, Lo AC, Diouf E, Ba OG, Gueye AB, Fogelson A, Wu X, Milligan P, Kibuka T, Hama M, Eckert E, Thwing J, Bennett A, Gosling R, Hwang J, Sene D, Ba F, Cissé B, Sturm-Ramirez K, Hsiang MS, and Ndiaye JL more...
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Background: In Africa, the scale-up of malaria control interventions, including seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), has dramatically reduced malaria burden, but progress toward malaria elimination has stalled. We evaluated mass drug administration (MDA) as a strategy to accelerate reductions in malaria incidence in Senegal., Methods: We conducted an open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial in a low-to-moderate transmission setting of Tambacounda, Senegal. Eligible villages had a population size between 200-800. All villages received pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide bednets and proactive community case management of malaria at baseline. Sixty villages were randomised 1:1 to either three cycles of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine+single-low dose primaquine administered to individuals aged ≥3 months, six-weeks apart starting the third week of June (intervention), or standard-of-care, which included three monthly cycles of SMC with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+amodiaquine administered to children aged 3-120 months starting end of July (control). MDA and SMC were delivered door-to-door. The primary outcome was clinical malaria incidence in all ages assessed during the peak transmission season (July-December), the year after intervention. Here, we report safety, coverage, and impact outcomes during the intervention year. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT04864444)., Findings: Between June 21, 2021 and October 3, 2021, 6505, 7125, and 7250 participants were administered MDA and 3202, 3174, and 3146 participants were administered SMC across cycles. Coverage of ≥1 dose of MDA drugs was 79%, 82%, and 83% across cycles. During the transmission season of the intervention year, MDA was associated with a 55% [95% CI: 28%-72%] lower incidence of malaria compared to control (MDA: 93 cases/1000 population; control: 173 cases/1000 population). No serious adverse events were reported in either arm., Interpretation: In low-to-moderate malaria transmission settings with scaled-up malaria control interventions, MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine+single-low dose primaquine is effective and well-tolerated for reducing malaria incidence. Further analyses will focus on the sustainability of this reduction., Funding: United States President's Malaria Initiative., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The study was funded by the US President’s Malaria Initiative. MER is supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (Award Number K99HD111572). JH and ABG receive salary support from the US President’s Malaria Initiative. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Institutes of Health, US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, and the US Agency for International Development. more...
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- 2024
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18. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Associated Factors in Bamako, Mali: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in September 2022.
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Traoré B, Guindo MA, Konaté D, Kané F, Incandela NC, Traore A, Kanté S, Sidibé M, Keita B, Kasse F, Tangara K, Diallo D, Maiga IY, Thiam S, Cisse A, Siby KM, Dicko AR, Goita M, Kone D, Diallo M, Traore M, Coulibaly YI, Diakité M, Doumbia S, Dolo H, and Balam S more...
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- Humans, Mali epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, Child, Aged, Child, Preschool, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, Infant, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 immunology, Antibodies, Viral blood, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
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Background: The sero-epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Mali are not yet well understood. This study assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and factors associated with antibody responses in the general population of Bamako, the capital city and epicenter of COVID-19, to assess the magnitude of the pandemic and contribute to control strategy improvements in Mali., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2022 to collect sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, comorbid factors, and blood samples. ELISA was performed to determine anti-Spike (anti-S) and anti-RBD antibody levels. A total of 3601 participants were enrolled in REDCap. R-Studio was used for the statistical analysis. The chi-squared (χ
2 ) test was used to compare the proportions across different groups. Logistic regression models were used to elucidate factors associated with antibody responses., Result: The sex ratio for female-to-male was 3.6:1. The most representative groups were the 20-29-year-olds (28.9%, n = 1043) and the 30-39-year-olds (26.9%, n = 967). The COVID-19 vaccine coverage among the participants was 35.8%, with vaccines from Covishield AstraZeneca (13.4%), Johnson & Johnson (16.7%), Sinovac (3.9%), and BioNTech Pfizer (1.8%). Overall, S protein and RBD antibody seroprevalences were remarkably high in the study population (98% and 97%, respectively). Factors such as youth (1-9 years old) and male sex were associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, whereas COVID-19 vaccinations were associated with increased antibody responses., Conclusion: This serosurvey demonstrated the high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and highlighted the factors influencing antibody responses, while clearly underlining an underestimation of the pandemic in Mali., (© 2024 The Author(s). Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...- Published
- 2024
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19. Assessment of the efficiency of the routine epidemiological surveillance system for malaria at the Tambacounda Health District, Senegal.
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Gadiaga T, Faly Ba M, Sagna S, Cissé B, Sène D, Sarr SC, Gueye B, Thiam S, Ciré EBK, and Ndiaye JLA
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- Humans, Senegal epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epidemiological Monitoring, Health Facilities statistics & numerical data, Population Surveillance methods, Malaria epidemiology
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Introduction: as part of the fight against malaria, epidemiological surveillance (ES) is one of the key pillars of the global technical strategy 2016-2030 to combat this disease. However, in the south-east of Senegal, where malaria poses a major public health problem, epidemiological surveillance has until recently been very neglected. To help reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality in Senegal, an evaluation of the routine malaria ES system was conducted in the Tambacounda Health District in 2021., Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive survey of 27 health structures in Tambacounda district from 20
th February to 1st March 2022., Results: overall, the routine ES system in the district was acceptable according to its users, with satisfactory tool filling time in 96.3% of the structures in our study, a cumulative completeness of reports at 92% despite a 77% promptness. The data collected at the services delivery points (SDP) level allowed a representativeness of the ES system in 100% of health facilities. The ES system was also rated as simple by 74.1% of SDP managers even though only 55.6% of them were trained. However, the stability of the system was low because 55.6% of SDP had staff to ensure the continuity of ES service despite the availability of management tools (100%) and the telephone network (96.3%). The same was true for the usefulness of the ES because only 25.9% of SDP managers analyzed their produced data. The reported ES and malaria morbidity data were not adequate. On the other hand, the ES system was reactive with a speed of transmission of information at 96.3% and a possibility of rapid diagnosis and management of cases at 100%., Conclusion: the routine malaria ES system at the level of health facilities in Tambacounda District was acceptable, simple, flexible, representative, and responsive. However, an increase in qualified staff at the health posts, capacity strengthening of the ES staff and regular supervision of SDP are needed essentials to make the district's malaria surveillance system more efficient., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Tidiane Gadiaga et al.) more...- Published
- 2024
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20. Exploring interconnections: A comprehensive multi-country analysis of climate change, energy demand, long-term care, and health of older adults.
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Katsaros K, Marggraf C, Ebi KL, Buyana K, Hashizume M, Lung SC, Murray V, Thiam S, and Huang-Lachmann JT
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- Humans, Aged, Health Status, Global Health, Climate Change, Long-Term Care
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Challenges faced by many countries are energy insecurity, climate change, and the health and long-term care of growing numbers of older people. These challenges are increasingly intersecting with rising energy prices, aging populations, and an increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. This paper gives a deeper understanding of the current and predicted interconnections among these challenges through narrative-driven content and thematic analysis from workshops with a diverse group of international stakeholders from the Global North and Global South. Narratives emerged highlighting a complex nexus of interconnections and presenting critical action areas. Targeted local and global policies and interventions are needed to alleviate stress on health systems, encourage the integrated uptake of clean energy sources, and uphold social justice across all economies. Professionals can use this work to inform the design and implementation of effective interventions and increase the resilience of older adults by better preparing for systemic risks., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest., (Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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21. Identifying globally relevant learnings from Africa's challenges and solutions to climate change and air pollution-related health impacts: a data science scoping review protocol.
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Wright CY, Jaca A, Kapwata T, Naidoo N, Awokola B, Bainomugisha E, Berhane KT, Blesic S, Kehbila A, Naidoo R, Nemukula B, Nyarko BK, Okekunle AP, Oni T, Quansah R, Thiam S, Zakari IS, and Beyene N
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- Humans, Africa, Research Design, Review Literature as Topic, Climate Change, Air Pollution adverse effects, Public Health
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Introduction: Leveraging data science could significantly advance the understanding of the health impacts of climate change and air pollution to meet health systems' needs and improve public health in Africa. This scoping review will aim to identify and synthesise evidence on the use of data science as an intervention to address climate change and air pollution-related health challenges in Africa., Methods and Analysis: The search strategy will be developed, and the search will be conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases. We will also search the reference lists of eligible articles for additional records. We will screen titles, technical reports, abstracts and full texts and select studies reporting the use of data science in relation to the health effects and interventions associated with climate change and air pollution in Africa., Ethics and Dissemination: There are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results, once published, will be disseminated via conferences and shared with policy-makers and public health, air pollution and climate change key stakeholders in Africa., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.) more...
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- 2024
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22. High frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli causing diarrheal diseases at the Yirimadio community health facility, Mali.
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Diarra B, Guindo I, Koné B, Dembélé M, Cissé I, Thiam S, Konaté K, Tékété M, Maīga A, Maīga O, Timbiné L, and Djimde A
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- Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Mali, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Escherichia coli, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Amoxicillin, Diarrhea, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Salmonella, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Public Health
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Background: Diarrhoea is a public health problem, especially in developing countries where it is the second leading cause of child mortality. In Low Income Countries like in Mali, self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics due to the scarcity of complementary diagnostic systems can lead to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing diarrhoea. The objective of this work was to determine the microorganisms responsible for diarrhoea in children under 15 years of age and to characterize their sensitivity to a panel of antibiotics used in a peri-urban community in Mali. The study involved outpatient children visiting the Yirimadio Community Health Centre and diagnosed with diarrhoea. Stool samples from those patients were collected and analysed by conventional stools culture and the susceptibility to antibiotics of detected bacteria was determined by the disc diffusion method in an agar medium., Result: Overall, 554 patients were included. Children under the age of 3 years accounted for 88.8% (492 of 554) of our study population. Two bacterial species were isolated in this study, Escherichia coli 31.8% (176 of 554) and Salmonella 2.9% (16 of 554). In the 176, E. coli strains resistance to amoxicillin and to cotrimoxazole was seen in 93.8% (165 of 176) and 92.6% ( 163 of 176), respectively. The ESBL resistance phenotype accounted for 39,8% (70 of 176) of E. coli. Sixteen (16) strains of Salmonella were found, of which one strain (6.3%) was resistant to amoxicillin and to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Another one was resistant to chloramphenicol (6.3%). Two strains of Salmonella were resistant to cotrimoxazole (12.5%) and two others were resistant to cefoxitin (12.5%)., Conclusions: The data suggest that E. coli is frequently involved in diarrhoea in children under 3 years of age in this peri-urban setting of Bamako, Mali, with a high rate of resistance to amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole, the most widely used antibiotics in the management of diarrhoea in this setting., (© 2024. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2024
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23. Resurgence of Malaria Transmission and Incidence after Withdrawal of Indoor Residual Spraying in the District of Koulikoro, Mali.
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Keïta M, Sissoko I, Sogoba N, Konaté M, Diawara SI, Kané F, Thiam S, Touré M, Konaté D, Diakité M, Beier JC, and Doumbia S
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- Animals, Child, Humans, Incidence, Mali epidemiology, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors, Infant, Child, Preschool, Anopheles, Insecticides pharmacology, Malaria epidemiology, Malaria prevention & control
- Abstract
In Mali, malaria vector control relies mostly on long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying (IRS). From 2008 to 2016, an IRS program was implemented in the district of Koulikoro. After a significant reduction in malaria indicators, IRS was stopped in 2016. This study evaluated the effect of IRS withdrawal on entomological parameters of malaria transmission and incidence in children aged 6 months to 10 years in the district of Koulikoro. Entomological parameters of malaria transmission during the last year of IRS implementation in 2016 were compared with those obtained 2 years after IRS withdrawal in 2018 in two villages of Koulikoro. Mosquito vectors were collected by mouth aspiration and pyrethrum spray catches in the villages to monitor these transmission parameters. A sharp increase (10.8 times higher) in vector abundance after IRS withdrawal was observed. The infection rate of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to Plasmodium falciparum increased from zero during IRS implementation to 14.8% after IRS withdrawal. The average entomological inoculation rate, which was undetectable before, was 1.22 infected bites per person per month 2 years after IRS was withdrawn, and the cumulative malaria incidence rate observed after IRS was 4.12 times (15.2% versus 3.7%) higher than that observed in 2016 in the villages before IRS withdrawal. This study showed a resurgence of malaria transmission and incidence in the Koulikoro health district after IRS was withdrawn. Thus, to manage the potential consequences of malaria transmission resurgence, alternative approaches are needed when stopping successful malaria control interventions. more...
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- 2023
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24. Effect of a fifth round of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children aged 5-14 years in Dangassa, an area of long transmission in Mali.
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Konate D, Diawara SI, Sogoba N, Shaffer J, Keita B, Cisse A, Sanogo I, Dicko I, Guindo MDA, Balam S, Traore A, Kante S, Dembele A, Kasse F, Denou L, Diakite SAS, Traore K, M'Baye Thiam S, Sanogo V, Toure M, Diarra A, Agak GW, Doumbia S, and Diakite M more...
- Abstract
Despite a significant reduction in the burden of malaria in children under five years-old, the efficient implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) at large scale remains a major concern in areas with long malaria transmission. Low coverage rate in the unattainable areas during the rainy season, a shift in the risk of malaria to older children and the rebound in malaria incidence after stopping drug administration are mainly reported in these areas. These gaps represent a major challenge in the efficient implementation of SMC measures. An open randomized study was conducted to assess the effect of a fifth additional round to current regime of SMC in older children living in Dangassa, a rural malaria endemic area. Poisson regression Model was used to estimate the reduction in malaria incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group including age groups (5-9 and 10-14 years) and the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs; Yes or No) with a threshold at 5%. Overall, a downward trend in participation rate was observed from August (94.3%) to November (87.2%). In November (round 4), the risk of malaria incidence was similar in both groups (IRR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.35-1.22]). In December (round 5), a decrease of 51% in malaria incidence was observed in intervention group compared to control group adjusted for age groups and the use of LLINs (IRR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.26-0.94]), of which 17% of reduction is attributable to the 5th round in the intervention group. An additional fifth round of SMC resulted in a significant reduction of malaria incidence in the intervention group. The number of SMC rounds could be adapted to the local condition of malaria transmission., Competing Interests: We declare any competing interests here. All authors read and approved the version submitted., (© 2023 The Authors.) more...
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- 2023
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25. Household level of air pollution and its impact on the occurrence of Acute Respiratory Illness among children under five: secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey in West Africa.
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Daffe ML, Thiam S, Bah F, Ndong A, Cabral M, Diop C, Toure A, Lam A, and Fall M
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- Child, Humans, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Burkina Faso, Cooking, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections etiology, Air Pollution adverse effects, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis
- Abstract
Background: One out of ten deaths of children under five are attributable to indoor air pollution. And Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) is among the direct causes., Objective: This study showed the possibilities of characterizing indoor air pollution in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) area and it also made it possible to estimate its impact on the occurrence of ARI in children under five., Methods: It has been a secondary analysis based on Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) from WAEMU countries' data.. "Household level of air pollution" is the created composite variable, from questions on the degradation factors of indoor air quality (domestic combustion processes) which served to characterize indoor air pollution and to measure its impact by a logistic regression., Results: Burkina Faso stands out with a greater number of households with a high level of pollution (63.7%) followed by Benin (43.7%) then Togo (43.0%). The main exposure factor "Household level of air pollution" was associated with ARI symptoms (Togo: prevalence = 51.3%; chi-squared test's p-value < 0.001). Exposure to high level of pollution constitutes a risk (AOR [95 CI]), even though it is not significant ( Ivory Coast: 1.29 [0.72-2.30], Senegal: 1.39 [0.94-2.05] and Togo: 1.15 [0.67-1.95]) and this could be explained by the high infectious etiology of the ARI., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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26. Water, sanitation, and hygiene access in Senegal and its impact on the occurrence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old.
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Daffe ML, Diop C, Dounebaine B, Diop SS, Peleka JCM, Bah F, Thiam S, Ndong A, Cabral M, Toure A, Lam A, and Fall M
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- Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Retrospective Studies, Senegal epidemiology, Diarrhea epidemiology, Sanitation, Hygiene
- Abstract
Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of child mortality worldwide, occurring in about one in every nine child deaths, and were associated with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access. In this study, we provided an overview of WASH indicators' evolution from 2000 to 2017 and their impact on the occurrence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Senegal. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study, in which we did a secondary analysis of data from the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for water supply and sanitation and from the Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Our results showed that access to safely managed services increased by 18.1 and 19.1%, respectively, for water and sanitation. The prevalence of diarrhea estimated at 18.16% was associated with straining water through a cloth (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.21 [1.00-1.45]) and getting water supplies from a source not located in a dwelling (AOR [95% CI]: 1.59 [1.21-2.09]). The prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years old was still relatively high in Senegal and was significantly associated with a lack of WASH access. Although the latter continues to increase, additional efforts to make water safer to drink will significantly reduce the occurrence of diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years old in Senegal. more...
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- 2022
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27. Impact of the interaction between the polymorphisms and hypermethylation of the CD36 gene on a new biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus: circulating soluble CD36 (sCD36) in Senegalese females.
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Touré M, Samb A, Sène M, Thiam S, Mané CAB, Sow AK, Ba-Diop A, Kane MO, Sarr M, Ba A, and Gueye L
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- Biomarkers blood, Cholesterol, Cross-Sectional Studies, DNA Methylation, Female, Humans, Polymorphism, Genetic, Senegal, CD36 Antigens blood, CD36 Antigens genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics
- Abstract
Background: Several predisposing factors for diabetes mellitus have been identified, including cluster determinant 36 (CD36) receptor expression. We aimed to determine the effects of CD36 gene polymorphisms and hypermethylation on the plasma CD36 protein levels in type 2 diabetes., Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 females (lean healthy control subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes). This study was conducted at the Human Physiology Laboratory at the Dakar Faculty of Medicine in Senegal. Circulating sCD36 levels and DNA methyltransferase 3a levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The other biological parameters were evaluated in a biochemical laboratory. CD36 gene polymorphisms and methylation were explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively., Results: sCD36 was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = - 0.52 p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (r = - 0.36 p = 0.01) in control subjects. However, in the type 2 diabetes group, sCD36 levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol levels (r = 0.28 p = 0.04). For rs3211867, control subjects harboring the CC genotypes had significantly higher sCD36 levels than control subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype (p = 0.02); in the type 2 diabetes group, the sCD36 level was not significantly lower in subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype than in subjects harboring the CC genotype (p = 0.27). CD36 gene methylation reduced the sCD36 level in the control subjects compared to control subjects without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.03). This difference was not significant in the type 2 diabetes group comparing subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation to subjects with diabetes without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.09). We noted a nonsignificant increase in sCD36 levels in subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation compared to control subjects with CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.27). A combination of the CD36 polymorphism effect and the CD36 methylation effect did not significantly reduce sCD36 levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes., Conclusion: CD36 gene polymorphisms and CD36 gene methylation separately reduce sCD36 levels. Their impacts are compensated for in subjects with type 2 diabetes by an increase in sCD36 levels, the mechanism of which needs to be elucidated., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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28. Health service utilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a multicountry empirical assessment with a focus on maternal, newborn and child health services.
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Amouzou A, Maïga A, Faye CM, Chakwera S, Melesse DY, Mutua MK, Thiam S, Abdoulaye IB, Afagbedzi SK, Ag Iknane A, Ake-Tano OS, Akinyemi JO, Alegana V, Alhassan Y, Sam AE, Atweam DK, Bajaria S, Bawo L, Berthé M, Blanchard AK, Bouhari HA, Boulhassane OMA, Bulawayo M, Chooye O, Coulibaly A, Diabate M, Diawara F, Esleman O, Gajaa M, Garba KHA, Getachew T, Jacobs C, Jacobs GP, James F, Jegede AS, Joachim C, Kananura RM, Karimi J, Kiarie H, Kpebo D, Lankoandé B, Lawanson AO, Mahamadou Y, Mahundi M, Manaye T, Masanja H, Millogo MR, Mohamed AK, Musukuma M, Muthee R, Nabié D, Nyamhagata M, Ogwal J, Orimadegun A, Ovuoraye A, Pongathie AS, Sable SP, Saydee GS, Shabini J, Sikapande BM, Simba D, Tadele A, Tadlle T, Tarway-Twalla AK, Tassembedo M, Tehoungue BZ, Terera I, Traoré S, Twalla MP, Waiswa P, Wondirad N, and Boerma T more...
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- Adolescent, Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pandemics, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, COVID-19, Child Health Services
- Abstract
Introduction: There are concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the continuation of essential health services in sub-Saharan Africa. Through the Countdown to 2030 for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health country collaborations, analysts from country and global public health institutions and ministries of health assessed the trends in selected services for maternal, newborn and child health, general service utilisation., Methods: Monthly routine health facility data by district for the period 2017-2020 were compiled by 12 country teams and adjusted after extensive quality assessments. Mixed effects linear regressions were used to estimate the size of any change in service utilisation for each month from March to December 2020 and for the whole COVID-19 period in 2020., Results: The completeness of reporting of health facilities was high in 2020 (median of 12 countries, 96% national and 91% of districts ≥90%), higher than in the preceding years and extreme outliers were few. The country median reduction in utilisation of nine health services for the whole period March-December 2020 was 3.9% (range: -8.2 to 2.4). The greatest reductions were observed for inpatient admissions (median=-17.0%) and outpatient admissions (median=-7.1%), while antenatal, delivery care and immunisation services generally had smaller reductions (median from -2% to -6%). Eastern African countries had greater reductions than those in West Africa, and rural districts were slightly more affected than urban districts. The greatest drop in services was observed for March-June 2020 for general services, when the response was strongest as measured by a stringency index., Conclusion: The district health facility reports provide a solid basis for trend assessment after extensive data quality assessment and adjustment. Even the modest negative impact on service utilisation observed in most countries will require major efforts, supported by the international partners, to maintain progress towards the SDG health targets by 2030., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.) more...
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- 2022
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29. Frequencies and Distribution of APOE Gene Polymorphisms and Its Association With Lipid Parameters in the Senegalese Population.
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Touré M, Diouf NN, Thiam S, Diop JP, Coly MS, Mbengue A, Sar FB, Ba A, Diallo FA, and Samb A
- Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in lipid metabolism. It is encoded by the APOE gene. However, APOE gene polymorphism has not been very well studied in the Senegalese population. Therefore, we studied allele frequencies, genotype distributions, and the relationship between APOE gene polymorphisms and lipid parameters in the Senegalese women population. Methodology This study included 110 healthy women aged 35-72 years. The mean age was 49.8 ± 8.1 years. For all subjects, lipid parameters were analyzed from fasting serum, and APOE genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) based analysis. Results Variations in the frequencies and distribution of the APOE alleles and genotypes were observed (ε3: 47.3%; ε2: 43.2%; ε4: 9.6%; and ε2/ε3: 70%; ε2/ε4: 16.4%; ε3/ε3: 10.9%; ε2/ε4: 2.7%). Compared to the ε3ε3 genotype carriers, carriers of the ε3ε4 genotype had a significantly higher rate of total cholesterol (p=0.03) and no high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.02). Univariate analysis showed that the APOE ε4 allele increases the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol rate (OR=3.06; 95% CI: 1.16-8.22; p=0.02). Conclusion Our study has shown a difference in APOE allele frequencies and genotype distributions with a total absence of ε2ε2 and ε4ε4 genotypes in a sample of Senegalese women. We also found that APOE gene polymorphism might play a role in plasma lipid levels., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Touré et al.) more...
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- 2022
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30. Hot-spots of HIV infection in Cameroon: a spatial analysis based on Demographic and Health Surveys data.
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Sandie AB, Tchatchueng Mbougua JB, Nlend AEN, Thiam S, Nono BF, Fall NA, Senghor DB, Sylla EHM, and Faye CM
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- Cameroon epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Spatial Analysis, HIV Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection prevalence in Cameroon has decreased from [Formula: see text] in 2004 to [Formula: see text] in 2018. However, this decrease in prevalence does not show disparities especially in terms of spatial or geographical pattern. Efficient control and fight against HIV infection may require targeting hotspot areas. This study aims at presenting a cartography of HIV infection situation in Cameroon using the 2004, 2011 and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey data, and investigating whether there exist spatial patterns of the disease, may help to detect hot-spots., Methods: HIV biomarkers data and Global Positioning System (GPS) location data were obtained from the Cameroon 2004, 2011, and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) after an approved request from the MEASURES Demographic and Health Survey Program. HIV prevalence was estimated for each sampled area. The Moran's I (MI) test was used to assess spatial autocorrelation. Spatial interpolation was further performed to estimate the prevalence in all surface points. Hot-spots were identified based on Getis-Ord (Gi*) spatial statistics. Data analyses were done in the R software(version 4.1.2), while Arcgis Pro software tools' were used for all spatial analyses., Results: Generally, spatial autocorrelation of HIV infection in Cameroon was observed across the three time periods of 2004 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), 2011 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and 2018 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Subdivisions in which one could find persistent hot-spots for at least two periods including the last period 2018 included: Mbéré, Lom et Djerem, Kadey, Boumba et Ngoko, Haute Sanaga, Nyong et Mfoumou, Nyong et So'o Haut Nyong, Dja et Lobo, Mvila, Vallée du Ntem, Océan, Nyong et Kellé, Sanaga Maritime, Menchum, Dounga Mantung, Boyo, Mezam and Momo. However, Faro et Déo emerged only in 2018 as a subdivision with HIV infection hot-spots., Conclusion: Despite the decrease in HIV epidemiology in Cameroon, this study has shown that there are spatial patterns for HIV infection in Cameroon and possible hot-spots have been identified. In its effort to eliminate HIV infection by 2030 in Cameroon, the public health policies may consider these detected HIV hot-spots, while maintaining effective control in other parts of the country., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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31. Effectiveness and Community Acceptance of Extending Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention to Children 5 to 14 Years of Age in Dangassa, Mali.
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Konaté D, Diawara SI, Keita B, Sogoba N, Fayiçal M, Guindo A, Thiam S, Traoré SF, Shaffer JG, Doumbia S, and Diakité M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Chemoprevention methods, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Malaria drug therapy, Male, Mali epidemiology, Prevalence, Public Health standards, Risk Factors, Antimalarials therapeutic use, Chemoprevention standards, Malaria prevention & control, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Public Health methods, Seasons
- Abstract
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) was adopted in Mali in 2012 for preventing malaria in children younger than 5 years. Although this strategy has been highly effective in reducing childhood malaria, an uptick in malaria occurrence has occurred in children 5 to 15 years of age. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of providing SMC to older children. A cohort of 350 children age 5 to 14 years were monitored during the 2019 transmission season in Dangassa, Mali. The intervention group received five monthly rounds of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine, whereas the control group consisted of untreated children. Community acceptance for extending SMC was assessed during the final round. Logistic regression models were applied to compare the risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection, anemia, and fever between the intervention and control groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to compare the time to P. falciparum parasitemia infection between the groups. The community acceptance rate was 96.5% (139 of 144). Significant declines were observed in the prevalence of P. falciparum parasitemia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11-0.42) and anemia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07-0.28) in the intervention group compared with the control group. The cumulative incidence of P. falciparum infections was significantly greater (75.4%, 104 of 138) in the control group compared with the intervention group (40.7%, 61 of 143, P = 0.001). This study reveals that expanding SMC to older children is likely feasible, has high community acceptance, and is in reducing uncomplicated malaria and anemia in older children. more...
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- 2021
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32. Determinants of quality in home-based management of malaria by community health volunteers in rural Kenya.
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Marita EO, Gichuki R, Watulo E, Thiam S, and Karanja S
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- Adult, Checklist, Community Health Workers education, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Home Health Aides education, Humans, Kenya epidemiology, Malaria epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Observation, Quality of Health Care, Rural Population, Surveys and Questionnaires, Antimalarials therapeutic use, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination therapeutic use, Community Health Workers standards, Home Health Aides standards, Malaria drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: Kenya adopted the World Health Organization's recommendation of community case management of malaria (CCMM) in 2012. Trained community health volunteers (CHVs) provide CCMM but information on quality of services is limited. This study aimed to establish determinants of quality of service of CCMM conducted by CHVs., Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2016 in Bungoma County, Kenya. Data were collected through observing CHVs perform routine CCMM and through interviews of CHVs using structured questionnaires. A ≥ 75% score was considered as quality provision. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe basic characteristics of the study, followed by Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression to examine the differences and associations between the categorical variables., Results: A total of 147 CHVs participated; 62% of CHVs offered quality services. There was a direct association between quality of services and stock-outs of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), stock-outs of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and support supervision. CHVs who were supervised during the year preceding the assessment were four times more likely to perform better than those not supervised (uOR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.38-12.85). CHVs with reliable supplies of AL and RDT kits performed three times better than those who experienced stock outs (uOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.03-10.03 and 3.3, 95% CI: 1.63-6.59 respectively). Biosafety and documentation were the most poorly performed., Conclusions: The majority of CHVs offered quality CCMM services despite safety gaps. Safety, continuous supplies of RDT, AL and supervision are essential for quality performance by CHV in delivering CCMM., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2021 Enock Oburi Marita, Richard Gichuki, Elda Watulo, Sylla Thiam, Sarah Karanja.) more...
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- 2021
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33. Ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030: Time to reset targets for 2025.
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De Lay PR, Benzaken A, Karim QA, Aliyu S, Amole C, Ayala G, Chalkidou K, Chang J, Clayton M, Couto A, Dieffenbach C, Dybul M, El Sadr W, Gorgens M, Low-Beer D, Mesbah S, Saveedra J, Sirinirund P, Stover J, Syarif O, Taslim A, Thiam S, Njenga LW, Ghys PD, Izazola-Licea JA, Frescura L, Lamontagne E, Godfrey-Faussett P, Fontaine C, Semini I, and Hader S more...
- Subjects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome diagnosis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome economics, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, Disease Eradication economics, Forecasting, Global Health economics, Health Care Costs trends, Humans, Public Health economics, Time Factors, United Nations, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control, Disease Eradication trends, Global Health trends, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Paul De Lay and co-authors introduce a Collection on the design of targets for ending the AIDS epidemic., Competing Interests: All authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2021
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34. [Blood biomarkers of early diagnosis for neonatal bacterial infections: back from Senegal cohort].
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Coly NFG, Durif J, Bass I, Pereira B, Thiam S, Samba A, Ndiaye A, Soumah IY, Diedhiou F, Cissé F, Djité M, Gueye PM, Gueye NRD, Ndiaye HD, Coste K, Sapin V, and Agne FD
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Child, Early Diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Protein Precursors, Senegal, Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Calcitonin
- Abstract
In Senegal, reducing neonatal mortality remains a challenge. The management of neonatal infections remains problematic and presents a strong clinical focus. Indeed, like all developing countries, the difficulty of acquiring state-of-the-art infrastructure and the financial cost impact on the routine use of biomarkers. It is in this context that we conducted this study to identify the best biological strategy for making a reliable diagnosis. Ninety-nine newborns were recruited at the pediatric service of the Diamniadio Children's Hospital (Senegal). CRP was assayed by latex immuno-agglutination method, IL-6 and IL-8 using Luminex
® technology, PCT by chemiluminescence, orosomucoid by immunoturbidimetry and SAA by ELISA technique. 20 newborns had probable infection and six established infection. Deaths and complications were significantly greater in these groups. With an optimal decision threshold of 16.3 mg/L, CRP performed better (compared to the other tested blood biomarkers) with AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 94%, 88% and 99%, respectively. With the performance obtained from CRP in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infections, the installation of panels with other biomarkers with advanced and expensive technology is not necessary. Thus, optimal care and within a reasonable timeframe can be done in our health facilities, with this accessible marker that is CRP. more...- Published
- 2021
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35. Monitoring land use and soil salinity changes in coastal landscape: a case study from Senegal.
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Thiam S, Villamor GB, Faye LC, Sène JHB, Diwediga B, and Kyei-Baffour N
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- Environmental Monitoring, Rivers, Senegal, Salinity, Soil
- Abstract
Soil salinity is a major issue causing land degradation in coastal areas. In this study, we assessed the land use and soil salinity changes in Djilor district (Senegal) using remote sensing and field data. We performed land use land cover changes for the years 1984, 1994, 2007, and 2017. Electrical conductivity was measured from 300 soil samples collected at the study area; this, together with elevation, distance to river, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Salinity Index (SI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), was used to build the salinity model using a multiple regression analysis. Supervised classification and intensity analysis were applied to determine the annual change area and the variation of gains and losses. The results showed that croplands recorded the highest gain (17%) throughout the period 1984-2017, while forest recorded 3%. The fastest annual area of change occurred during the period 1984-1994. The salinity model showed a high potential for mapping saline areas (R
2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 0.68). Regarding salinity change, the slightly saline areas (2 < EC < 4 dS/m) increased by 42% whereas highly saline (EC > 8 dS/m) and moderately saline (4 < EC < 8 dS/m) areas decreased by 23% and 26%, respectively, in 2017. Additionally, the increasing salt content is less dominant in vegetated areas compared with non-vegetated areas. Nonetheless, the highly concentrated salty areas can be restored using salt-resistant plants (e.g., Eucalyptus sp., Tamarix sp.). This study gives more insights on land use planning and salinity management for improving farmers' resilience in coastal regions. more...- Published
- 2021
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36. Analyzing the contributions of transdisciplinary research to the global sustainability agenda in African cities.
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Thiam S, Aziz F, Kushitor SB, Amaka-Otchere ABK, Onyima BN, and Odume ON
- Abstract
It is almost 6 years since the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted, and countries have less than 10 years to achieve the set targets. Unlike most of the world, sub-Saharan African countries have reported only minimal progress, one that the COVID-19 pandemic has unfortunately disrupted. Transdisciplinary research (TDR) has been conceptualized as important for achieving sustainability goals such as the SDGs. In this paper we (i) analyze the contributions of the five TDR projects toward the achievements of the SDGs at the city level in Africa, and (ii) explore the interactions between the assessed SDGs across the five projects. The projects' contributions towards the achievements of the SDGs were examined in three thematic areas: (i) contexts, (ii) processes and (iii) products. The five projects were funded under the Leading Integrated Research for Agenda 2030 in Africa (LIRA) programme. The projects were being implemented in nine cities across five African countries Accra (Ghana), Kumasi (Ghana), Korhogo (Ivory Coast), Abuja Metro (Nigeria), Mbour (Senegal), Cape Town (South Africa), Nelson Mandela Bay Metro (South Africa), Grahamstown (South Africa) and Kampala (Uganda) and data were collected on each of the five projects in these cities. The contextual contributions include co-analysis and reflection on policy and institutional silos and social innovations amenable to contextual complexity. A shift in how actors perceived and conceptualized sustainability challenges and the role of the projects as transformative social agents constituted the two main process contributions. Tool development, virtual models and maps, and handbook are the product contributions by the projects. Our analysis of the SDG interactions indicated the need for cross-sectoral collaborations to ensures resource use efficiency, knowledge and experience sharing, and seamless flow of information and data to accelerate the SDG implementation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2021.) more...
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- 2021
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37. Community response to the Ebola outbreak: Contribution of community-based organisations and community leaders in four health districts in Guinea.
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Camara S, Delamou A, Millimouno TM, Kourouma K, Ndiaye B, and Thiam S
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- Guinea epidemiology, Humans, Community Participation, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control
- Abstract
The major challenges in controlling the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Guinea were contact tracing, referral of suspected cases, secure burial and mistrust in the context of a weak health system. Community involvement and uptake of key interventions were very low, contributing to the spread of the epidemic. A community engagement project, using community based organisations (CBOs) and community leaders, was implemented in four affected health districts in rural Guinea. This paper reports on the contribution of the CBOs and community leaders in controlling the EVD outbreak. Base-, mid- and end - line assessments were conducted using a mixed methods approach. In total, 422 CBOs members, 50 community leaders and 40 village birth attendants were engaged in social mobilisation, awareness raising, reaching 154,310 people and leading to the end of reluctance and mistrust. Thus, 95 suspected cases were referred to health facilities, contact tracing and secure burial increased from 88.0% to 96.6% and from 67% to 95.4%, respectively, and institutional deliveries increased from 637 to 806. Involvement of CBOs and community leaders against the EVD outbreak is an effective resource that should also be considered to better respond to possible large-scale epidemic threats in a fragile health system context. more...
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- 2020
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38. [Management of a global health crisis: first COVID-19 disease feedback from Overseas and French-speaking countries medical biologists].
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Barguil Y, Chiaradia L, Sicard D, Duhin M, Sebat C, Abdi S, Alomar Y, Blondeel N, Bonnet C, Bouberi-Niava B, Bourgoin-Rousset E, Cavalier E, Cisse F, Combe P, de Guire V, Devaud F, De Wulf A, Agne FD, Dumas-Chastang E, Ecrabey YC, Grignon JC, Gruson D, Gueye PM, Hayette MP, Kabré E, Kandji PM, Kouakou HF, Legris-Allusson V, Lim S, Monde A, Monnet D, Forton GN, Outreville J, Padelli M, Sakandé J, Sall A, Subiros M, Tayeb N, Temmar A, Thiam S, Ting Wang H, Bérard AM, Piéroni L, Sapin V, and Beauvieux MC more...
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- Adult, Africa epidemiology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Belgium epidemiology, Betacoronavirus physiology, Biomarkers analysis, Biomarkers blood, COVID-19, Cambodia epidemiology, Child, Contact Tracing methods, Contact Tracing statistics & numerical data, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, France epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Islands epidemiology, Language, Laos epidemiology, Louisiana epidemiology, Male, Medical Laboratory Personnel organization & administration, Medical Laboratory Personnel statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral transmission, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Survival Analysis, Travel Medicine methods, Travel Medicine statistics & numerical data, Travel-Related Illness, Tropical Climate, Tropical Medicine methods, Tropical Medicine organization & administration, Tropical Medicine statistics & numerical data, Vietnam epidemiology, Clinical Laboratory Services organization & administration, Clinical Laboratory Services statistics & numerical data, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Global Health statistics & numerical data, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral therapy, Travel Medicine organization & administration
- Abstract
The French society of clinical biology "Biochemical markers of COVID-19" has set up a working group with the primary aim of reviewing, analyzing and monitoring the evolution of biological prescriptions according to the patient's care path and to look for markers of progression and severity of the disease. This study covers all public and private sectors of medical biology located in metropolitan and overseas France and also extends to the French-speaking world. This article presents the testimonies and data obtained for the "Overseas and French-speaking countries" sub-working group made up of 45 volunteer correspondents, located in 20 regions of the world. In view of the delayed spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the overseas regions and the French-speaking regions have benefited from feedback from the first territories confronted with COVID-19. Thus, the entry of the virus or its spread in epidemic form could be avoided, thanks to the rapid closure of borders. The overseas territories depend very strongly on air and/or sea links with the metropolis or with the neighboring continent. The isolation of these countries is responsible for reagent supply difficulties and has necessitated emergency orders and the establishment of stocks lasting several months, in order to avoid shortages and maintain adequate patient care. In addition, in countries located in tropical or intertropical zones, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is complicated by the presence of various zoonoses (dengue, Zika, malaria, leptospirosis, etc.). more...
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- 2020
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39. Uptake, retention, and outcomes in a demonstration project of pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in public health centers in Senegal.
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Sarr M, Gueye D, Mboup A, Diouf O, Bao MDB, Ndiaye AJ, Ndiaye BP, Hawes SE, Tousset E, Diallo A, Jones F, Kane CT, Thiam S, Ndour CT, Gottlieb GS, and Mboup S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Feasibility Studies, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Program Evaluation, Senegal epidemiology, Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, HIV Infections prevention & control, Medication Adherence psychology, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis methods, Retention in Care statistics & numerical data, Sex Workers psychology
- Abstract
The Senegal pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Demonstration Project was an open-label cohort study assessing the delivery of daily oral PrEP to HIV-negative female sex workers (FSWs) in four Ministry of Health (MoH)-run clinics in Dakar, Senegal. We assessed uptake, retention in care, and adherence over up to 12 months of follow-up as well as HIV infection rates. Between July and November 2015, 350 individuals were approached and 324 (92.6%) were preliminarily eligible. Uptake was high, with 82.4% of eligible participants choosing to enroll and take PrEP. The mean age of those enrolled was 37.7 years (SD = 8.7), and approximately half had not attended school (41.2%). Among the 267 participants who were prescribed PrEP, 79.9 and 73.4% were retained in PrEP care at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Older age among FSWs was found to be the only significant predictor of lower discontinuation. We did not find significant differences in retention by site, education, condom use, or HIV risk perception. There were no new HIV infections at follow-up. Our results showed evidence of high interest in PrEP and very good PrEP retention rates among FSWs at 12-month follow-up when offered in MoH-run clinics, with older age as the only significant predictor of higher PrEP retention. This highlights the role that these clinics can play in expanding PrEP access nationwide. more...
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- 2020
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40. Dysregulated pathways and differentially expressed proteins associated with adverse transfusion reactions in different types of platelet components.
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Aloui C, Barlier C, Awounou D, Thiam S, Fagan J, Claverol S, Tavernier E, Mounier C, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Cognasse F, Garraud O, and Laradi S
- Subjects
- Blood Platelets, Chromatography, Liquid, Europe, Humans, Platelet Transfusion adverse effects, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics, Transfusion Reaction
- Abstract
Platelet components (PCs) are occasionally associated with adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs). ATRs can occur regardless of the type of PC being transfused, whether it is a single-donor apheresis PC (SDA-PC) or a pooled PC (PPCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the proteins and dysregulated pathways in both of the main types of PCs. The proteomic profiles of platelet pellets from SDA-PCs and PPCs involved in ATRs were analysed using the label-free LC-MS/MS method. Differentially expressed proteins with fold changes >|1.5| in clinical cases versus controls were characterised using bioinformatic tools (RStudio, GeneCodis3, and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). The proteins were confirmed by western blotting. The common primary proteins found to be dysregulated in both types of PCs were the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein (SLC25A20), multimerin-1 (MMRN1), and calumenin (CALU), which are associated with the important enrichment of platelet activation, platelet degranulation, and mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, this analysis revealed the involvement of commonly dysregulated canonical pathways, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction, platelet activation, and acute phase response. This proteomic analysis provided an interesting contribution to our understanding of the meticulous physiopathology of PCs associated with ATR. A larger investigation would assist in delineating the most relevant proteins to target within preventive transfusion safety strategies. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Within platelet transfusion strategies, the two primary types of PCs predominantly processed in Europe, include (i) single donor apheresis PCs (SDA-PCs) from one donor and (ii) pooled PCs (PPCs). The current study used PCs from five buffy coats derived from five whole blood donations that were identical in ABO, RH1 and KEL1 groups. Both PC types were shown to be associated with the onset of an ATR in the transfused patient. Several common platelet proteins were found to be dysregulated in bags associated with ATR occurrences regardless of the type of PCs transfused and of their process. The dysregulated proteins included mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein (SLC25A20), which is involved in a fatty acid oxidation disorder; calumenin (CALU); and multimerin-1 (MMRN1), which is chiefly involved in platelet activation and degranulation. Dysregulated platelet protein pathways for ATRs that occurred with SDA-PCs and PPCs could support the dysregulated functions found in association with those three proteins. Those common platelet proteins may become candidates to define biomarkers associated with the onset of an ATR from PC transfusions, including monitoring during the quality steps of PC manufacturing, provided that the results are confirmed in larger cohorts. This study enriches our knowledge of platelet proteomics in PCs under pathological conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2020
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41. Effect of routine seasonal malaria chemoprevention on malaria trends in children under 5 years in Dangassa, Mali.
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Konaté D, Diawara SI, Touré M, Diakité SAS, Guindo A, Traoré K, Diarra A, Keita B, Thiam S, Keita M, Sissoko I, Sogoba N, Traoré SF, Krogtad DJ, Doumbia S, and Diakité M
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Endemic Diseases prevention & control, Humans, Infant, Malaria epidemiology, Mali epidemiology, Prevalence, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, World Health Organization, Antimalarials administration & dosage, Chemoprevention statistics & numerical data, Health Plan Implementation, Malaria prevention & control, Seasons
- Abstract
Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a new strategy to prevent malaria in children under 5 years old. It has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2012 in malaria-endemic areas with seasonal transmission. This study aimed to assess the changes in malaria indicators through two consecutive years of SMC routine implementation in children under 5 years old in Dangassa, where malaria is endemic with a long and high transmission season., Methods: From 2012 to 2016, a cohort study was conducted in Dangassa village. The study team based in the village followed all malaria clinical cases in children under 5 years old at the community health centre. During the study, SMC was routinely implemented in collaboration with the National Malaria Control Programme. The Cox regression model was used in order to compare malaria risk during the study., Results: The Cox regression model showed a significant reduction in malaria clinical incidence, both in 2015 (HR = 0.27 (0.18-0.40), 95% CI) and in 2016 (HR = 0.23 (0.15-0.35), 95% CI) of SMC implementation compared to October 2013. Gametocyte and fever prevalence was lower between September and October during SMC implementation (2015 and 2016) compared to the same period before SMC implementation (2013-2014). A slight increase of malaria incidence was observed in December at the end of SMC implementation., Conclusion: SMC has significantly reduced both malaria incidence and gametocyte prevalence and improved haemoglobin levels in children under 5 years old after 2 years of routine implementation. more...
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- 2020
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42. Cancer ecosystem assessment in West Africa: health systems gaps to prevent and control cancers in three countries: Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal.
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Ayandipo O, Wone I, Kenu E, Fasehun LK, Ayandipo O, Gaye F, Ojo A, Ayoola Y, Omogi J, Lakew D, and Thiam S
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery of Health Care economics, Ecosystem, Ghana epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility, Healthcare Financing, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Needs Assessment, Neoplasms epidemiology, Nigeria epidemiology, Noncommunicable Diseases epidemiology, Noncommunicable Diseases prevention & control, Senegal epidemiology, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Neoplasms prevention & control, Public Health
- Abstract
Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a rapid epidemiological transition with the increasing incidence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). Among these, cancer is one of the main causes of death in adults. This is a public health problem whose burden is unknown due to lack of statistical data. In addition, the already overburdened health systems are experiencing enormous constraints to address the problem with the double challenge of communicable and NCDs., Methods: The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the capacity and needs of health systems to prevent and control cancer. A cross-sectional study, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, was conducted between April 2017 and February 2018 in target countries, through in-depth interviews with key actors, direct observations and documents review. The WHO framework for health system strengthening with the 6 pillars was used for the gaps analysis., Results: Little priority is given to the fight against cancer because of low political commitment. Programs´ resources are very limited and there is a poor coordination of the actions. Human resources are insufficient, and most of them are concentrated in the capital city. This limits access to care with a late consultation of patients. Diagnosis and treatment services are expensive and generally paid by households. Finally, the unavailability of reliable data at national level hinders the decision-based evidence., Conclusion: There is an urgent need to create strong partnerships at national and regional levels to (i) Advocate for a strong political commitment; (ii) Strengthen the coordination of actions and create more synergy among stakeholders; (iii) Improve the quality and quantity of human resources; (iv) Extend universal health coverage to cancer and improve program funding; and (v) Set up cancer registries at national level., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© Omobolaji Ayandipo et al.) more...
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- 2020
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43. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal.
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Thiam S, Cissé G, Stensgaard AS, Niang-Diène A, Utzinger J, and Vounatsou P
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- Age Distribution, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Senegal epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Water Supply, Bayes Theorem, Diarrhea epidemiology, Spatial Analysis
- Abstract
Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea. more...
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- 2019
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44. Use and Acceptability of HIV Self-Testing Among First-Time Testers at Risk for HIV in Senegal.
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Lyons CE, Coly K, Bowring AL, Liestman B, Diouf D, Wong VJ, Turpin G, Castor D, Dieng P, Olawore O, Geibel S, Ketende S, Ndour C, Thiam S, Touré-Kane C, and Baral SD
- Subjects
- Adult, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mass Screening methods, Pilot Projects, Senegal, Serologic Tests, Sexual Behavior, Social Stigma, Surveys and Questionnaires, HIV Infections diagnosis, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Sex Workers statistics & numerical data, Sexual and Gender Minorities statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
HIV Self-Testing (HIVST) aims to increase HIV testing coverage and can facilitate reaching the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. In Senegal, key populations bear a disproportionate burden of HIV and report limited uptake of HIV testing given pervasive stigma and criminalization. In these contexts, HIVST may represent a complementary approach to reach populations reporting barriers to engagement with existing and routine HIV testing services. In this study, 1839 HIVST kits were distributed in Senegal, with 1149 individuals participating in a pre-test questionnaire and 817 participating in a post-test questionnaire. Overall, 46.9% (536/1144) were first-time testers and 26.2% (300/1144) had tested within the last year; 94.3% (768/814) reported using the HIVST, and 2.9% (19/651) reported a reactive result which was associated with first-time testers (p = 0.024). HIVST represents an approach that reached first-time testers and those who had not tested recently. Implementation indicators suggest the importance of leveraging existing community structures and programs for distribution. more...
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- 2019
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45. Knowledge and practices of mothers and caregivers on diarrhoeal management among under 5-year-old children in a medium-size town of Senegal.
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Thiam S, Sy I, Schindler C, Niang-Diène A, Faye O, Utzinger J, and Cissé G
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dehydration prevention & control, Female, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Infant, Male, Senegal epidemiology, Urban Population, Zinc administration & dosage, Caregivers, Diarrhea epidemiology, Diarrhea therapy, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mothers
- Abstract
In 2016, about one out of 10 children in sub-Saharan Africa died due to diarrhoea, causing an estimated burden of 25 million disability-adjusted life years. A prominent cause of death is dehydration linked to lack of knowledge and adequate management of diarrhoeal episodes. This study assessed knowledge and practices of mothers and caregivers on diarrhoeal management among under 5-year-old children in a medium-size town of Senegal. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September and October 2016 in four zones of Mbour, located in the south-western part of Senegal. Mothers and caregivers of children under the age of 5 years were interviewed to determine their levels of knowledge and management practice of diarrhoea. The association between diarrhoea and source of care was determined using logistic regression analyses. In total, 367 mothers and caregivers who reported a diarrhoeal episode in at least one of their children under 5 years of age were included. Slightly less than a quarter (23.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 18.9-27.8%) of respondents had good management practice of diarrhoea, while 40.0% (95% CI: 34.5-45.6%) had high level of knowledge about diarrhoea. Mothers and caregivers having sought care from public health facilities had two and four times higher odds of good knowledge and good management practices of diarrhoea, respectively, compared to those seeking no care outside the home or from traditional healers. The weakness regarding knowledge and quality management practice, particularly the poor use of internationally recommended treatment of childhood diarrhoea among mothers and caregivers, confirms the low coverage of oral rehydration salt and zinc and lack of sensitization about diarrhoea. We conclude that diarrhoea management practices in this part of Senegal do not correspond with international recommendations, even when mothers and caregivers visit government health facilities. There is a need to develop and implement communication strategies for health care providers' and the mothers and caregivers in order to facilitate sustainable positive change in the management of childhood diarrhoea at the community level. Moreover, mothers, caregivers and health care providers need specific training on the current guidelines for diarrhoea management., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2019
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46. High level of treatment failure and drug resistance to first-line antiretroviral therapies among HIV-infected children receiving decentralized care in Senegal.
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Cissé AM, Laborde-Balen G, Kébé-Fall K, Dramé A, Diop H, Diop K, FatouNiasse-Traoré, Coulibaly M, Have NN, Vidal N, Thiam S, Wade AS, Peeters M, Taverne B, Msellati P, and Touré-Kane C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Senegal epidemiology, Young Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Infections drug therapy, Treatment Failure
- Abstract
Background: In Senegal in 2015, an estimated 4800 children were living with HIV, with 1200 receiving ARV treatment, of whom half had follow-up care in decentralized sites outside Dakar. However, until now no studies have determined the efficacy of pediatric treatment in decentralized settings, even though the emergence of viral resistance, particularly among children in Africa, is a well-known phenomenon. This study aimed to assess the virological status of HIV-infected children in all decentralized facilities to help improve access to quality care., Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological and virological study was conducted in all of Senegal's regions, except Dakar, between March and June 2015 and sought to include all HIV-infected children and adolescents (0-19 years), treated or not with ARVs. Socio-demographic and clinical data and a blood sample on blotting paper were collected for children from treatment sites. Samples were routed on public transportation, assisted by a network of community health workers. A viral load (VL) assay was performed for each child, followed by genotyping when it exceeded 1000 copies/mL (3 log
10 )., Results: Of the 851 identified children, 666 (78%) were enrolled in the study. Half of the children were girls, and the average age was 8 years (6 months-19 years). Most of the children (96.7%) were infected with HIV-1, and 90% were treated with ART, primarily with AZT + 3TC + NVP/EFV therapeutic regimen. The median duration of time on ART was 21 months (1-129). VL was measured for 2% of children before this study. Almost two-thirds (64%) of the children are experiencing virological failure. Among them, there was resistance to at least one drug for 86.5% of cases. Also, 25% children presented resistance to one drug and 40% to two out of three. For nearly one-third of the children presenting resistance, none of the three drugs of the treatment was active. Factors associated with virological failure were male sex, follow-up by a generalist rather than a specialist, and treatment interruptions., Conclusions: We observed a high level of virological failure and a high percentage of viral resistance among children receiving health care in decentralized facilities in Senegal. more...- Published
- 2019
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47. Estimating the contribution of key populations towards the spread of HIV in Dakar, Senegal.
- Author
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Mukandavire C, Walker J, Schwartz S, Boily MC, Danon L, Lyons C, Diouf D, Liestman B, Diouf NL, Drame F, Coly K, Muhire RSM, Thiam S, Diallo PAN, Kane CT, Ndour C, Volz E, Mishra S, Baral S, and Vickerman P more...
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Bayes Theorem, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Epidemics, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Prevalence, Senegal epidemiology, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Unsafe Sex statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, HIV Infections transmission, Homosexuality, Male, Sex Workers
- Abstract
Introduction: Key populations including female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV. However, the role of focusing prevention efforts on these groups for reducing a country's HIV epidemic is debated. We estimate the extent to which HIV transmission among FSW and MSM contributes to overall HIV transmission in Dakar, Senegal, using a dynamic assessment of the population attributable fraction (PAF)., Methods: A dynamic transmission model of HIV among FSW, their clients, MSM and the lower-risk adult population was parameterized and calibrated within a Bayesian framework using setting-specific demographic, behavioural, HIV epidemiological and antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage data for 1985 to 2015. We used the model to estimate the 10-year PAF of commercial sex between FSW and their clients, and sex between men, to overall HIV transmission (defined as the percentage of new infections prevented when these modes of transmission are removed). In addition, we estimated the prevention benefits associated with historical increases in condom use and ART uptake, and impact of further increases in prevention and treatment., Results: The model projections suggest that unprotected sex between men contributed to 42% (2.5 to 97.5th percentile range 24 to 59%) of transmissions between 1995 and 2005, increasing to 64% (37 to 79%) from 2015 to 2025. The 10-year PAF of commercial sex is smaller, diminishing from 21% (7 to 39%) in 1995 to 14% (5 to 35%) in 2015. Without ART, 49% (32 to 71%) more HIV infections would have occurred since 2000, when ART was initiated, whereas without condom use since 1985, 67% (27 to 179%) more HIV infections would have occurred, and the overall HIV prevalence would have been 60% (29 to 211%) greater than what it is now. Further large decreases in HIV incidence (68%) can be achieved by scaling up ART in MSM to 74% coverage and reducing their susceptibility to HIV by two-thirds through any prevention modality., Conclusions: Unprotected sex between men may be an important contributor to HIV transmission in Dakar, due to suboptimal coverage of evidence-informed interventions. Although existing interventions have effectively reduced HIV transmission among adults, it is crucial that further strategies address the unmet need among MSM., (© 2018 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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48. [Appendiceal Duplication In A Patient Operated For Chilled Appendix Breastplate At Gao Regional Hospital].
- Author
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Thiam S, Diakité M, Traoré A, Traore D, Bah AH, Traoré T, Mallé M, Keita S, Maig MS, Kassé D, Kanté A, Dao K, Guindo H, Coulibaly B, Diabira L, Maiga AH, and Sanogo ZZ
- Abstract
Appendiceal duplication is the very rare malformation. It was first described by Picoli in 1892. It is a condition that is most often seen in the first years of life, sometimes some forms may remain asymptomatic and only occur in adulthood. We report the case of appendiceal duplication in a patient operated for chilled appendix breastplate at Gao Regional Hospital., Conclusion: appendiceal duplication is a rare abnormal abnormality of intraoperative discovery in general. Each surgeon must think about it during an appendectomy., (Le comitée de rédaction se réserve le droit de revoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de sonserver un examplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.) more...
- Published
- 2018
49. Urbanisation and its effect on risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea in Mbour, Senegal: A visualisation.
- Author
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Thiam S, Fuhrimann S, Niang-Diène A, Sy I, Faye O, Utzinger J, and Cissé G
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Geographic Mapping, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Risk Factors, Sanitation, Senegal epidemiology, Urbanization, Water Supply, Diarrhea epidemiology
- Abstract
Rapid urbanisation, particularly in secondary cities in Africa, brings along specific challenges for global health, including the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea. Our purpose was to visualise urbanisation trends and its effect on risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea, e.g. water supply, sanitation, wastewater and solid waste management in Mbour, a secondary city in south-western Senegal. Our visualisation is facilitated by epidemiological and geographical surveys carried out in 2016. A deeper spatial and visual understanding of the urbanisation trends and the disparities of diarrhoea-associated risk factors might lead to the implementation of suitable health interventions and preventive measures. Our visualisation is aimed to serve as a basis for discussion and as a decision support tool for policymakers, municipal officials and local communities to prioritise interventions related to water, sanitation and waste management with a view to reduce the environmental and health risks in the rapidly growing city of Mbour, which is set as an example for other similar secondary cities across low- and middle-income countries in Africa. more...
- Published
- 2017
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50. Association between Childhood Diarrhoeal Incidence and Climatic Factors in Urban and Rural Settings in the Health District of Mbour, Senegal.
- Author
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Thiam S, Diène AN, Sy I, Winkler MS, Schindler C, Ndione JA, Faye O, Vounatsou P, Utzinger J, and Cissé G
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Models, Statistical, Rain, Rural Population, Senegal epidemiology, Temperature, Urban Population, Climate, Diarrhea epidemiology
- Abstract
We assessed the association between childhood diarrhoeal incidence and climatic factors in rural and urban settings in the health district of Mbour in western Senegal. We used monthly diarrhoeal case records among children under five years registered in 24 health facilities over a four-year period (2011-2014). Climatic data (i.e., daily temperature, night temperature and rainfall) for the same four-year period were obtained. We performed a negative binomial regression model to establish the relationship between monthly diarrhoeal incidence and climatic factors of the same and the previous month. There were two annual peaks in diarrhoeal incidence: one during the cold dry season and one during the rainy season. We observed a positive association between diarrhoeal incidence and high average temperature of 36 °C and above and high cumulative monthly rainfall at 57 mm and above. The association between diarrhoeal incidence and temperature was stronger in rural compared to urban settings, while higher rainfall was associated with higher diarrhoeal incidence in the urban settings. Concluding, this study identified significant health-climate interactions and calls for effective preventive measures in the health district of Mbour. Particular attention should be paid to urban settings where diarrhoea was most common in order to reduce the high incidence in the context of climatic variability, which is expected to increase in urban areas in the face of global warming., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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