1. Neutralizing-antibody-independent SARS-CoV-2 control correlated with intranasal-vaccine-induced CD8 + T cell responses.
- Author
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Ishii H, Nomura T, Yamamoto H, Nishizawa M, Thu Hau TT, Harada S, Seki S, Nakamura-Hoshi M, Okazaki M, Daigen S, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Nagata N, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Shiwa N, Suzuki T, Park ES, Ken M, Onodera T, Takahashi Y, Kusano K, Shimazaki R, Suzaki Y, Ami Y, and Matano T
- Subjects
- Animals, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Coronavirus Envelope Proteins immunology, Coronavirus M Proteins immunology, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Pandemics prevention & control, Phosphoproteins immunology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, Treatment Outcome, Vero Cells, Viral Load, Administration, Intranasal methods, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, Antibodies, Viral immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Vaccination methods
- Abstract
Effective vaccines are essential for the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently developed vaccines inducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective, but the appearance of NAb-resistant S variant viruses is of great concern. A vaccine inducing S-independent or NAb-independent SARS-CoV-2 control may contribute to containment of these variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of an intranasal vaccine expressing viral non-S antigens against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus macaques. Seven vaccinated macaques exhibit significantly reduced viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs on day 2 post-challenge compared with nine unvaccinated controls. The viral control in the absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs is significantly correlated with vaccine-induced, viral-antigen-specific CD8
+ T cell responses. Our results indicate that CD8+ T cell induction by intranasal vaccination can result in NAb-independent control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a potential of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses to contribute to COVID-19 containment., Competing Interests: H.I., K.K., R.S., and T.M. are the inventors on Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application for SeV-NME vaccine. The authors declare no other competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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