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A novel ganglioside bearing Neua2-3Gal and Neua2-6Gal structures as distal sequences was designed as a ligand for influenza A viruses. The efficient synthesis of the designed ganglioside was accomplished by employing the cassette coupling approach as a key reaction, which was executed between the non-reducing end of the oligosaccharide and the cyclic glucosylceramide moiety. Examination of its binding activity to influenza A viruses revealed that the new ligand is recognized by Neua2-3 and 2-6 type viruses.

In this study, we performed a micro/nanocrystallization of charge transfer crystals (CTCs) composed of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-- tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) via a charge transfer-induced reprecipitationmethod. Depending on the order of injected solution, TTF--TCNQ CTCs formed a nanorod or a nanorod-coated rhombic shape.We concluded that the crystallinity of the TCNQ particles in the water dispersion determines the final CTC shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]