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We propose a protocol for creating a fully entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type state of neutral atoms in spatially separated optical atomic clocks. In our scheme, local operations make use of the strong dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg excitations, which give rise to fast and reliable quantum operations involving all atoms in the ensemble. The necessary entanglement between distant ensembles is mediated by single-photon quantum channels and collectively enhanced light-matter couplings. These techniques can be used to create the recently proposed quantum clock network based on neutral atom optical clocks. We specifically analyze a possible realization of this scheme using neutral Yb ensembles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fear of childbirth is common in nulliparous women. More accessible and less costly interventions such as mandala are needed to reduce fear of childbirth. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of mandala coloring added to antenatal education to reduce fear of childbirth., Methods: An open, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT05217368). Nulliparous pregnant women without pregnancy complications, between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation, and with increased fear of childbirth were included in the study. A total of 140 pregnant women were allocated to the intervention (mandala coloring plus antenatal education) and control (antenatal education alone) groups, and 100 participants completed the study. Fear before childbirth was measured with the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) version A at baseline and after completion of antenatal education with or without mandala coloring. Fear during childbirth was measured with the W-DEQ version B retrospectively within one week of giving birth., Results: At baseline, the intervention and control groups experienced similar fear of childbirth (57.1 vs 57.0; P = .978). After completing antenatal education, the mean fear of childbirth decreased more in the intervention group than in the control group (42.6 vs 50.1; P = .018). In the postpartum period, the intervention group reported less fear during childbirth than the intervention group (68.5 vs 58.0; P = .030). Perinatal outcomes were statistically similar between the 2 groups., Discussion: Adding mandala coloring to antenatal education significantly reduced fear of childbirth before and during birth. More studies examining the effects of mandala coloring on perinatal mental health should be conducted., (© 2024 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.)

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma; however, the lack of biomarkers to monitor treatment response and relapse remains an important clinical challenge. Thus, a reliable biomarker is needed that can risk-stratify patients for disease recurrence and predict response to treatment., Methods: A retrospective analysis using a personalized, tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay on prospectively collected plasma samples (n = 555) from 69 patients with advanced melanoma was performed. Patients were divided into three cohorts: cohort A (N = 30), stage III patients receiving adjuvant ICI/observation; cohort B (N = 29), unresectable stage III/IV patients receiving ICI therapy; and cohort C (N = 10), stage III/IV patients on surveillance after planned completion of ICI therapy for metastatic disease., Results: In cohort A, compared to molecular residual disease (MRD)-negative patients, MRD-positivity was associated with significantly shorter distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; hazard ratio [HR], 10.77; p = .01). Increasing ctDNA levels from the post-surgical or pre-treatment time point to after 6 weeks of ICI were predictive of shorter DMFS in cohort A (HR, 34.54; p < .0001) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in cohort B (HR, 22; p = .006). In cohort C, all ctDNA-negative patients remained progression-free for a median follow-up of 14.67 months, whereas ctDNA-positive patients experienced disease progression., Conclusion: Personalized and tumor-informed longitudinal ctDNA monitoring is a valuable prognostic and predictive tool that may be used throughout the clinical course of patients with advanced melanoma., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.)

Brain metastases are common in advanced melanoma and cause death in >50% of patients. Until recently, median survival was only ∼4 months. Improved systemic treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors and combinations of BRAF/MEK inhibitors, however, has significantly improved intracranial tumor response and survival. In addition, advances in radiation therapy have also improved the intracranial outcomes for advanced melanoma patients with brain metastases (MBM). There has long been concern that systemic treatment of the central nervous metastases would be ineffective due to inability of active agents to cross an intact blood-brain barrier. Recent studies have shown, however, that highly active systemic therapy can have significant benefit in these patients. When determining a patient's treatment, the important factors in predicting the likelihood of benefit including the presence of neurologic symptoms, the number and size of brain metastases, performance status/status of extracranial disease, and BRAF mutation status should all be considered. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma and brain metastases., Competing Interests: Disclosure ZE advisory board: Pfizer, Regeneron, Genentech, Eisai, OncoSec, Natera. Research funding: Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim. HMY Novocure (advisory board), UpToDate (honorarium), Brainlab (speaker). KAM consulting fees: ImaginAb, Tentarix, Xilio. Advisory board: Pfizer, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Iovance, Alkermes, Sanofi. TOT has declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF., Material and Methods: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board., Results: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8±9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diagnosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPF. None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPF. Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively)., Conclusion: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and FANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF.

Background: Patients' demographic and epidemiological characteristics, local variations in clinicians' knowledge and experience and types of surgery can influence peri-operative transfusion practices. Sharing data on transfusion practices and recipients may improve patients' care and implementation of Patient Blood Management (PBM)., Materials and Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study that included 61 centres. Clinical and transfusion data of patients undergoing major elective surgery were collected; transfusion predictors and patients' outcomes were analysed., Results: Of 6,121 patients, 1,579 (25.8%) received a peri-operative transfusion. A total of 5,812 blood components were transfused: red blood cells (RBC), fresh-frozen plasma and platelets in 1,425 (23.3%), 762 (12.4%) and 88 (1.4%) cases, respectively). Pre-operative anaemia was identified in 2,019 (33%) patients. Half of the RBC units were used by patients in the age group 45-69 years. Specific procedures with the highest RBC use were coronary artery bypass grafting (16.9% of all units) and hip arthroplasty (14.9%). Low haemoglobin concentration was the most common indication for intra-operative RBC transfusion (57%) and plasma and platelet transfusions were mostly initiated for acute bleeding (61.3% and 61.1%, respectively). The RBC transfusion rate in study centres varied from 2% to 72%. RBC transfusion was inappropriate in 99% (n=150/151) of pre-operative, 23% (n=211/926) of intra-operative and 43% (n=308/716) of post-operative RBC transfusion episodes. Pre-operative haemoglobin, increased blood loss, open surgery and duration of surgery were the main independent predictors of intra-operative RBC transfusion. Low pre-operative haemoglobin concentration was independently associated with post-operative pulmonary complications., Conclusions: These findings identified areas for improvement in peri-operative transfusion practice and PBM implementation in Turkey.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rare disease amongst children and adolescents. Previous studies have reported a number of differences between children/adolescents, young adults, and adult patients with CRC. However, none of these studies compared these age groups according to their clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics. In the current study, we compare these three age groups., Methods: A total of 173 (1.1% of 15,654 patients) young CRC patients (≤25 years) were included in the study. As a control group, 237 adult CRC patients (>25 years) were also included. Patients were divided into three age groups: child/adolescent (10-19 years), young adult (20-25 years), and adult (>25 years)., Results: Statistical differences amongst the three groups in terms of gender (p = 0.446), family history (p = 0.578), symptoms of presentation (p = 0.306), and interval between initiation of symptoms and diagnosis (p = 0.710) could not be demonstrated. Whilst abdominal pain (p < 0.001) and vomiting (p = 0.002) were less common in young adults than in other groups, rectal bleeding and changes in bowel habits were relatively less common in adolescents than in other groups. Rectal localisation (p = 0.035), mucinous adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001), and a poorly differentiated histologic subtype (p < 0.001) were less common in the adult group than in other groups. The percentage of patients with metastasis and sites of metastasis (e.g., peritoneum and lung) differed between groups. The median overall survival was 32.6 months in the adolescent group, 57.8 months in the young adult group and was not reached in the adult group (p = 0.022). The median event-free survival of the adolescent, young adult, and adult groups was 29.0, 29.9, and 61.6 months, respectively (p = 0.003)., Conclusions: CRC patients of different age groups present different clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics. Clinicians should be aware of and manage the disease according to these differences., (© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Context: Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. It is frequently used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, it has a high potential to cause acne-like rash. Demodex mites, which are known to increase in number in immunosuppressive circumstances, are closely related to the acneiform lesions., Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of demodex mites in acne-like rash that appears under the treatment of Cetuximab., Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who applied to our clinic with cetuximab induced papulopustular rashes between November 2014 and March 2016. Demodex sampling was performed by standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) in a total of 11 patients (eight males and three females). Infestation was defined as at least 5 living parasites/cm 2 of skin., Results: Upon the SSSB examination in 10 out of the 11 patients, no demodex mites were detected. Demodex mites were found in only one of the patients. This patient, in whom two dead Demodex folliculorums were found through facial sampling, was also regarded as negative since his demodex density was under the threshold limit value., Conclusion: In this study, it has been concluded that acne-like rash that develops under the treatment of cetuximab is not related to the presence of demodex mites. Papulopustular eruptions that develop under cetuximab treatment should not be directly correlated with the presence of demodex; first SSSB and demodex presence should be evaluated.

Brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is highly rare. In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequency of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer patients and to establish prognostic characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with brain metastasis. In this cross-sectional study, the medical files of colorectal cancer patients with brain metastases who were definitely diagnosed by histopathologically were retrospectively reviewed. Brain metastasis was detected in 2.7 % (n = 133) of 4,864 colorectal cancer patients. The majority of cases were male (53 %), older than 65 years (59 %), with rectum cancer (56 %), a poorly differentiated tumor (70 %); had adenocarcinoma histology (97 %), and metachronous metastasis (86 %); received chemotherapy at least once for metastatic disease before brain metastasis developed (72 %), had progression with lung metastasis before (51 %), and 26 % (n = 31) of patients with extracranial disease at time the diagnosis of brain metastasis had both lung and bone metastases. The mean follow-up duration was 51 months (range 5-92), and the mean survival was 25.8 months (95 % CI 20.4-29.3). Overall survival rates were 81 % in the first year, 42.3 % in the third year, and 15.7 % in the fifth year. In multiple variable analysis, the most important independent risk factor for overall survival was determined as the presence of lung metastasis (HR 1.43, 95 % CI 1.27-4.14; P = 0.012). Brain metastasis develops late in the period of colorectal cancer and prognosis in these patients is poor. However, early screening of brain metastases in patients with lung metastasis may improve survival outcomes with new treatment modalities.

Objective: This study compares the performances of new-molecule (NM) launches in Turkey with those in the European Union and United States for the years 2007-2013., Methods: The Thomson Reuters Newport Horizon for Innovators Database is used to identify NMs with a launch date after January 1, 2007, worldwide and marketing authorization approval after January 1, 2007, in the European Union. The launch dates for the European Union, the United States, and Turkey were retrieved from the same database. Data for Turkey were confirmed via IMS and RxMedia., Results: Out of 183 records identified that are launched in the European Union, the United States, or both, 44 of the NMs are launched in Turkey (24%)., Conclusion: The results of this study show that 24% of the NMs that are launched in either the European Union or United States were able to be launched in Turkey with a mean delay of 821 days (2.25 years).

Population transfer in Hamiltonian systems, such as between Rydberg states of atoms and vibrational modes in diatomic molecules, has been both experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. All these systems have the property that the classical frequency of the motion changes monotonically with energy. Referred to as the twist condition, this property makes it possible to transfer population both by chirping a driving field within a ladder climbing scheme and by adiabatically chirping through a multiphoton resonance connecting two bound states. In this paper, we demonstrate that the latter method for population transfer can still be made to work in a system which violates the classical twist condition. We use classical rigid rotor as an example system where the frequency changes monotonically with energy and compare the responsible separatrix crossing mechanism in phase space to that in a system which exhibits an extremum in the frequency-energy profile. We perform both one-dimensional classical and quantum simulations and find that the quantum phase-space distribution mirrors its corresponding classical counterpart.

Retrograde irrigation enemas are commonly used in the treatment of chronic constipation especially in the elderly. We report a case of colorectal perforation due to self-administered retrograde water enema. A 55 year-old chronically constipated male patient was admitted to the emergency unit with severe diffuse abdominal pain. He administered rectal enema using a garden hose directly connected to the water two hours before admission, until he felt a sudden sharp abdominal pain. At the operation he was found to have a perforation along the antimesenteric border of distal sigmoid colon extending to the upper rectum. Primary resection and anastomosis with intraoperative colonic lavage was performed. Postoperative course was favorable without any wound infection or intraabdominal sepsis.