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Aim: The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Baby-Led Weaning Scale for parents with babies/children aged from 6 to 30 months., Methods: The sample for this methodological research consisted of parents with babies aged 6 to 30 months between March and June 2024 in a city in eastern Turkey. The data were collected from 354 parents for exploratory factor analysis, from 213 parents for confirmatory factor analysis, and from 70 for the test-retest reliability study. The data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", the "Baby-Led Weaning Scale" and the "Transition to Complementary Feeding Behaviors Scale" (TCFBS)., Results: The total content validity index score of the Baby Led Weaning Scale was 0.92 and the content validity rate score was 0.92. The TCBFS was used for the concordance of the scale with similar scales. During the measurements, the intra-observer reliability of the Baby Led Weaning Scale was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a three-factor structure, explaining 611.5 % of the variance. The fix index values were χ 2 /df = 3.036, RMSEA = 0.069, GFI = 0.902, CFI = 0.907 and AGFI = 0.857, IFI = 0.928, and TLI = 0.921.The Cronbach alpha values of the scale were in the range of 0.706 and 0.831., Conclusion: As a result, the Turkish adaptation of the Baby Led Weaning Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool., Practical Implications: The Baby-Led Weaning Scale can be used as a simple and objective tool to measure the knowledge level of parents with babies/children aged 6 to 30 months., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. There is no conflict of interest in our article. We would like to thank all our teachers who read, evaluated and supported our article. Thank you, Sincerely., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) and protection against cytosolic acidification is primarily a function of the ubiquitous plasma membrane Na+/H+exchanger-1 (NHE1), which uses a highly conserved process to transfer cytosolic hydrogen ions (H+) across plasma membranes in exchange for extracellular sodium ions (Na+). Growth factors, which are essential regulators of morphogenesis, have also been found to be key activators of NHE1 exchanger activity; however, the crosstalk between both has not been fully evaluated during organ development. Here we report that mammary branching morphogenesis induced by transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα) requires PI3K-dependent NHE1-activation and subsequent pHi alkalization. Inhibiting NHE1 activity after TGFα stimulation with 10 μM of the NHE1-specific inhibitor N-Methyl-N-isobutyl Amiloride (MIA) dramatically disrupted branching morphogenesis, induced extensive proliferation, ectopic expression of the epithelial hyper-proliferative marker Keratin-6 and sustained activation of MAPK. Together these findings indicate a novel developmental signaling cascade involving TGFα>PI3K>NHE1>pHi alkalization, which leads to a permissible environment for MAPK negative feedback inhibition and thus regulated mammary branching morphogenesis., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objective: Environmental asbestos exposure is reportedly common in some districts of Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and effect of environmental asbestos exposure in a village in Gaziantep, Turkey, with reported cases of mesothelioma., Methods: All villagers > or =14 years old were subject to an interview rediagnosis and a detailed questionnaire. Chest microfilms were performed in all cases, and additional standard CXRs were obtained when necessary. Samples collected from the natural mantle, and whitewash from the houses were analysed for the presence of asbestos., Results: In total, 269 villagers took part in the study. The incidence of histopathologically diagnosed malignant pleural mesothelioma was 0.32% relative to the total village population in the year 2000. The verbal autopsy revealed eight possible cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma, all of whom had died within the past 12 years. Of these eight, there was a first-degree kinship between three, and additionally, these patients had a third-degree relationship with a biopsy proven case. Radiological evaluation showed pleural calcification and/or thickness in 3.3%, and pleural effusion in 0.4% of patients undergoing CXR. All houses in the village were constructed using adobe soil, and the interior whitewash was made from soil containing asbestos. Analysis of soil samples revealed tremolite and/or actinolyte asbestos., Conclusion: The current findings suggest that environmental asbestos exposure continue to be a serious health concern in the Gaziantep region of Turkey.