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One of the key ways to save operating costs in suburban traffic on lines electrified with direct current is to increase the return of electric energy when the drivers use the regenerative braking mode.Electrodynamic braking control systems that track the magnitude of the voltage of the contact network can increase the percentage of return of electric energy from the use of regenerative braking due to the rapid redistribution of energy generated by traction motors. Similar systems (the so-called tracking systems) are used on DC electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive. In this work, authors analyzed an electrodynamic braking system for a DC electric train with a collector traction drive, which regulates the recovery current by changing the resistance of the braking resistor, and the armature current due to the magnetic flux of the motors. Characteristics of the pulse braking resistance controller for the current settings of the 250 and 350 A armature were calculated. Functional diagram of the tracking system with a description of its individual elements is developed. On a simulation model, electromagnetic processes in the power circuit of an electric train were studied with a changing current consumption. Based on the analysis of the model results, the ability of the tracking system to regulate the armature current with full absorption of electricity by the consumer is shown. The article provides the refined algorithm for the transition of the servo system from the mode of regenerativerheostatic braking to rheostatic with excessive generation of electricity. The developed algorithm of the tracking system provides a stable implementation of the braking force in the entire range of speeds and at various levels of consumption of generated electricity. A rheostatic braking circuit with stabilization of the maximum value of the excitation current at low speeds is proposed.

High proportion of electric trains with collector trac-A monitoring system of electrodynamic braking has been develotion motors in the multiple unit fleet and its low cost in comparison ped with preservation of the electric train standard equipment. It al-with electric trains with an asynchronous traction make it neces-lows regulating the recuperative current depending on the possibility sary to improve the control system of motor collectors. One of the of its consumption by changing the resistance of the braking resistors. ways is to create devices to improve the efficiency of recuperative Imitation model of DC electric train power circuit in the electrobraking. dynamic braking mode with a monitoring system was developed.It takes into account the influence of eddy currents in the motor frame, armature current ripples and the catenary voltage increase during recuperative braking.Electromagnetic processes in the electric train power circuit are investigated. Analysis of the obtained oscillograms shows the change in the armature current and the catenary voltage within the specified limits in the braking mode. Recuperative current regulator is tuned to an aperiodic transient with a time equal to 0.015 s.The paper shows possibility of the monitoring system to regulate the armature current in the recuperative mode together with the automatic braking control system in case of increasing the catenary voltage. When the voltage fails, the monitoring system is not able to limit the increasing braking current, its reduction is effected by the magnetic flux of the traction motors.Adjusting characteristic and the technical effect from the implementation of the monitoring system are calculated. The possibility of reducing the electric power consumption by 4.62 % is shown.

In recent years, the ability to determine the nature of thyroid nodules has been signifi cantly improved both through the improvement of traditional methods, such as ultrasound examination (ultrasound) and fi ne needle aspiration biopsy (TAB), and through the creation of fundamentally new approaches. Th e review contains the most relevant achievements of recent years. Th e literature search was carried out in the bibliographic base of the Russian Science Citation Index for the words «node», «thyroid gland», «diagnosis», «cancer» on the site «https://www.elibrary.ru», as well as in the database of medical and Biological publications of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information on «nodule», «thyroid», «diagnostics», «cancer» at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Th e analysis of sources for the last 5 years has been carried out.

Objective: It is to evaluate the functional state of the adrenal cortex after surgical treatment in patients with corticosteromas for optimize of tactic of postoperative management.Materials and methods: We examined 143 patients (43 men and 100 women) aged 51.3 ± 10.1 years with incidentaloma of adrenal glands and 27 healthy peopels (control group) aged 45.5 ± 5.7 years. Cushing's syndrome was detected in 22 patients, autonomous cortisol secretion was detected in 43. All patients had an analysis of the complaints, objective, laboratory and instrumental data in the preoperative and early postoperative periods. Assessment of levels glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones in biological fluids was carried out by immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography.Results: The signs of adrenal cortex insufficiency in the early postoperative period were obtained in 77.3% of patients with Cushing's syndrome and in 25% of patients with autonomous cortisol secretion according to immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography. An increase of level of corticosterone in the serum of blood in the preoperative period indicate the possibility development of adrenal insufficiency in the early postoperative period in all patients. Аn increase of levels of 11-deoxycortisol and 18-OH-corticosteronein in the serum of blood аnd urinary excretion of free cortisone, 18-OH-corticosterone and 6β-hydroxycortisol indicate the possibility development of adrenal insufficiency in the early postoperative period in patients with Cushing's syndrome.Conclusions: The determination of cortisol and aldosterone precursors by high performance liquid chromatography increases the accuracy of the diagnosis of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in patients with Cushing's syndrome and with autonomous cortisol secretion in the early postoperative period.

Objective: to study the functional state of the thyroid gland in newborns from mothers with diffuse toxic goiter, depending on the level of antibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone receptors (AB-rTSH).Materials and methods: 68 newborns from 67 mothers with diffuse toxic goiter were examined. The control group included 49 newborns from 49 mothers without thyroid pathology. To assess the functional state of the thyroid gland of newborns, we determined the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine (fT4), and AB-rTSH in cord blood and calculated the TSH/fT4 coefficient, which allows us to differentiate congenital hypothyroidism from neonatal thyrotoxicosis. On the 4-7th day of life, all newborns underwent ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the thyroid gland.Results: newborns from mothers with diffuse toxic goiter had lower growth-weight indices in comparison with the same indices of the control group and they often showed thyroid hyperplasia. It was shown that the increased content of AB-rTSH in the blood serum of pregnant women with diffuse toxic goiter and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns can contribute to the development of neonatal thyrotoxicosis, detected in 16.2 % of newborns.Conclusions: increased levels of AB-rTSH in the blood serum of mothers with DTG, especially in the second half of pregnancy, and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns affect the formation of thyroid hyperplasia in newborns and contribute to the development of neonatal thyrotoxicosis.

Objective: to study a role of the rs5219 polymorphism in KCNJ11 in the formation of the response variability to vildagliptin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods: 48 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were examined. For all patients vildagliptin in a dose of 50 mg/day was prescribed. If necessary, dose titration was carried out or other glucose-lowering therapy was prescribed for 6 months of observation. Dynamics of the main indicators of glycemic control and body mass index were studied, presence of the rs5219 polymorphism in KCNJ11 gene was also determined.Results: all patients-carriers the T allele had achieved the target values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in 3 months of vildagliptin monotherapy, compared to patients with wild-type gene who achieved target values of HbA1c in only 44,4% of cases. Increasing the dose to 100 mg/day required 35% of patients with wild-type gene and 17.9% of patients with rs5219 polymorphism. The appointment of a combination of glucose-lowering therapy was necessary in 40% of patients with the wild-type gene and no one with polymorphism.Conclusion: the presence of the polymorphic allele T rs5219 in KCNJ11 gene makes it possible to predict the high efficacy of vildagliptin monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Objective: to identify the relationship of regional anti-corruption procedural legislation with other branches of legislation for its further improvement.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena using general scientific methods of cognition, based on it:analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, etc.Results: the current anti-corruption procedural legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation is classified on the following grounds: status of the Russian Federation subject which adopted the legislative act; sector; subject of legal regulation and the circle of persons. As a result of the classification, the interrelations of the Russian regional anti-corruption procedural legislation with the federal and regional state (constitutional, statutory), administrative, municipal, informational and labor legislation were revealed. Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, classification of anti-corruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects was carried out, which allowed drawing the following conclusions. First, the anti-corruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects is an inter-sectoral institution, interconnected with various branches of regional legislation (state (constitutional, statutory), administrative, municipal, informational, and labor)), which define its structure and content. Second, the proposed classification of the anti-corruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects (status of the Russian Federation subject which adopted the legislative act; sector; subject of legal regulation and the circle of persons) showed possible criteria and directions of systematization, including future codification of this legislation. Third, on the basis of the proposed classification of anti-corruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects, it is possible to determine the most relevant and practically significant areas of its research in the near future: state anti-corruption procedural legislation, administrative anti-corruption procedural legislation, municipal anti-corruption procedural legislation, informational anti-corruption procedural legislation, and labor anti-corruption procedural legislation. Practical significance: the research results can be used in law-making activities for systematization and codification of the Russian regional anti-corruption legislation.

Визначено біохімічні показники життєдіяльності насіння гіркокаштанів для пошуку стійких проти каштанової мінуючої молі (Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dem (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidaе)) видів і форм. Для експериментів у насінний рік в умовно чистих зонах і в місцях інтенсивного антропогенно-техногенного забруднення відібрано насіння чотирьох видів гіркокаштанів. Заготівлю насіння здійснено способом збирання із поверхні землі у період найінтенсивнішого його опадання. Досліджено вміст у насінні гіркокаштанів низки фізіолого-біологічних, морфологічних та основних біохімічних показників (білка, розчинних вуглеводнів і "сирого жиру"), золи, макро- і мікроелементів в умовно чистих зонах і в місцях інтенсивного антропогенно-техногенного забруднення. Встановлено рівень активності перекисного окислення ліпідів (ПОЛ) та вміст відновленого глутатіону. Вивчені зміни фізіолого-біологічних та біохімічних показників свідчать, що порівняно із трьома іншими досліджуваними видами дерева гіркокаштана кінського звичайного у стресових ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах великого міста з додатковим зниженням життєздатності каштановою мінуючою міллю характеризуються найбільшими негативними змінами у метаболізмі. Це свідчить, що за зростання в аналогічних ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах та за подібного навантаження чинників антропогенно-техногенного впливу, дерева і насадження жовтоквіткового (Aesculus octаndra Marsh.) і червоноквіткових видів гіркокаштанів (Aesculus pavia L. і Aesculus carnea Hayne) на сьогодні є життєво стійкішими, ніж дерева і насадження найпоширенішого у регіоні гіркокаштана кінського звичайного (Aesculus hippocastanum L.).

The influence of optimal growth rates of G.A. and new growth regulators of Stimpo and Rйgoplant on the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes – peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase, as well as the content of hydrogen peroxide and phenols in the seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. and Brassica napus L. due to their growth on extracts from the substrates of the waste heap of coal mines. At influence the studied regulators on plants revealed increased activity of peroxidase, decreased activity of catalase and polyphenoxidase and increased content of hydrogen peroxide. The content of phenolic compounds decreased due to increased activity of peroxidase. The obtained results indicate the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes at optimal growth growth concentrations and their promising application for stimulating plant growth during phytorecultivation treatment of the waste heaps.

Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the composition of substan­ces-satellite of seeds of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng consist Carbon, Oxygen in a lot amount, which we believe indicates the organic nature of the substance, and Phosphorus, Aluminum, Chlorine and Potassium in smaller concentrations. The substance in the high (2–1%) concentrations reduced germination metasequoia seeds, but it stimulated their germination at the decreasing concentration in the range of 0.05–0.005 %. Similar impact of substance carried on morphometric parameters of seedlings of wheat and maize, taken as test plants. Inhibition of length and weight of roots and shoots was observed in the range at 2–1 % and stimulation in the range 0.1–0.005 %. Thus, substances-satellite of metasequoia seeds perform relative its regulatory role for their seed germination, as in the case of seeds of other species of plants.

На локальной математической модели церебральной артериовенозной мальформации (АВМ), состоящей из набора трубок различного диаметра, рассматриваются различные сценарии ее эмболизации. Показано, что наименьший перепад давления на входе в АВМ достигается в случае эмболизации на первом этапе наиболее широкой фистулы, затем крупного и мелкого компартментов мальформации. Проводится сравнение модельных расчетов с результатами эмболизации АВМ у 15 пациентов.

Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов эндоваскулярного лечения 52 пациентов с 57 мешотчатыми аневризмами сосудов головного мозга, которым выполнено 55 эндоваскулярных вмешательств. Тотальной эмболизации (тип А) удалось достигнуть у 77% больных, эмболизация типа В выполнена в 19% случаев, неполная эмболизация (тип С) имела место в 4% случаев. В острейшем периоде субарахноидальных кровоизлияний были прооперированы 14 (26,9%) пациентов. Сделаны выводы об эффективности и относительной безопасности внутрисосудистого выключения аневризм, необходимости дифференцированного подхода к тактике оперативного лечения больных в остром периоде геморрагического инсульта после разрыва мешотчатой аневризмы головного мозга.

Впервые проведены измерения скорости и давления крови в артериях головного мозга до четвертых сегментов при наличии артериовенозных мальформаций и артериальных аневризм. Разработан и внедрен аппарат диаграмм давление - скорость и расход - поток энергии, позволяющий характеризовать тип сосудистой аномалии по гемодинамическим параметрам и отслеживать эффективность операции. На основании вейвлет-анализа локальных гемодинамических параметров в пораженных и здоровых ветвях артерий обнаружено изменение низкочастотной части спектра кровотока после операции. Полученные результаты дают качественные и количественные признаки аномалии сосудов головного мозга и позволяют оценить эффективность эмболизации в процессе операции.

The aim of the work was to study the influence of rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate on field pea and sorghum plants when growing in petroleum contaminated soil. Plant seeds were treated with solutions of rhamnolipid biocomplex or ethylthiosulfanilate (0.01 g/l) before planting and grown in containers with soil artificially contaminated with petroleum (5, 8 and 10%). Effect of rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate was determined by the determination of growth (weight, length plants) and biochemical parameters (content of photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde). The stimulating effect of rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate on growth parameters of field pea was shown: the shoot mass has significantly increased on 39%, root mass – on 26% if compared with the control. For sorghum somewhat smaller increase of growth parameters was observed. Under the influence of rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate the content of photosynthetic pigments in field pea and sorghum has also increased. It was determined that the action rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate promoted the decrease of indicators of plant oxidative reactions if compared with control: the content of hydrogen peroxide – in average on 15% and 16%, malondialdehyde – on 13.5% and 16% respectively. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of rhamnolipid biocomplex and ethylthiosulfanilate as growth stimulators for field pea and sorghum, as well as improvement of adaptive capability of plants to unfavorable conditions. It creates the prospects of their application as effective and ecologically safe substances for the intensification of contaminated soil phytoremediation.

Purpose: to study the informativeness of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) signs for early diagnosis improvement.Methods: 250 patients with PES were included in the study. Exclusion criteria consisted of aphakia, pseudophakia, previous eye surgery and diseases which can complicate PES diagnostics (uveitis, corneal pathology, ocular injury etc.). Each patient underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including slit-lamp examination under mydriasis, gonioscopy. Confocal microscopy was used as an additional diagnostic method in several patients (Confoscan-4, Nidek).Results: Pseudoexfoliation material was found at the pupillary margin in 64.8% of patients, and on the lens capsule (central disc) in 71% of the test subjects. Peripheral depositions were present in almost all PES patients under mydriasis. Pupil dilation has been allowed to establish the diagnosis of PES additionally in 16% of patients. At the «mini-PES»-stage PES material was most frequently found in the superior-nasal quadrant of lens capsule (85.6%). Clinical asymmetry of several signs (pupil diameter, anterior chamber angle pigmentation, IOP level) should be taken into consideration in early PES diagnostics.Conclusion: Examination under mydriasis and knowledge of PES micro-signs in some cases has been allowed to suspect PESeven at the preclinical stage.

The paper deals with creation of optical deflector for management of laser radiation in physiotherapeutic devices. Design features and operation principles of electro-optical, optical-acoustic and mechanical deflectors, giving the possibility to carry out continuous or discrete scanning of a laser beam are shown. Operation mechanism of the mechanical type deflector on the example of domestic laser therapeutic scanners is described in detail. Application possibility in clinical practice for heating technique of the acupuncture points by volumetric scanning of tissues by the radiation of semiconductor lasers on wave lengths equal to 0,67 and 0,85 μm is investigated. Creation justification of the new type deflector is given. Comparison between stable and labile techniques of radiation is carried out. It is shown that more intensive warming up of a skin surface in acupuncture point projection is observed at volumetric scanning, rather than at planar scanning by laser beams. Temperature increase on a skin surface in projection of acupuncture points is detected at radiation in both the visible spectrum range (0,67 μm) and the infrared range (0,85 μm). It gives the possibility to apply this scanning method to thermal photo-activation of the point and to extend an existing arsenal of laser reflexology methods. The optical deflector is offered for medical industry, making it possible to carry out volumetric scanning of a laser beam and to facilitate the medical personnel’s work in laser therapy and reflexology consulting rooms.

The effect of biogenic surfactants which were synthesized by the culture Pseudomonas sp. PS-17, particularly rhamnolipid biocomplex, on the growth of cereal plants — wheat and barley in the early stages of vegetation, as well as its effect on the activity of indole-3-acetic acid was studied. The effect of rhamnolipid biocomplex on the growth activity of winter wheat and spring barley was studied in vegetation (sand culture) and field experiments with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhamnolipid biocomplex solutions of different concentrations. To investigate the action of surfaceactive rhamnolipid biocomplex on the extension growth of plant cells the specific biotest on sections of wheat coleoptiles was used. The stimulating effect of rhamnolipid biocomplex on the growth of cereal plants, as well as the optimal concentration for its use in pre-sowing treatment of seeds was established: for winter wheat — 10 mg/l, for spring barley — 50 mg/l (Р ? 0,05). The application of rhamnolipid biocomplex contributed to the increase of aboveground dry weight of wheat on 16%, of barley — on 18% compared to the control (Р ? 0,05). Rhamnolipid biocomplex effectiveness was also confirmed in the field experiment — after the treatment of spring barley seeds the vegetative mass was averagely 34% (Р ? 0,05) higher than in the control. The obtained results indicate the prospects of practical use of rhamnolipid surfactants as environmentally friendly growth stimulants for cereal plants for modern technologies in agriculture. They can be effective in creating complex preparations with indole-3-acetic acid and, possibly also with other phytohormones, that will allow the enhancement of their activity.

It was determined that oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and field pea (Pisum arvense L.) are promising plants for phytoremediation of oil contaminated soils. The stimulating effect of the preparation based on oil-degrading microorganisms and biogenic surfactants (biosurfactants) on growth parameters of oilseed radish and field pea seedlings when grown in contaminated soils (2, 5 and 8% of crude oil) was determined. The greatest effect was detected for joint application of biosurfactants and microorganisms: the first stage – introduction of microbial preparation into the soil, second stage – planting of the seeds treated with biosurfactant solutions (rhamnolipid biocomplex PS or trehalose lipids). Such combined approach provides preliminary partial degradation of oil in soil by microorganisms, while biogenic surfactants can promote better assimilation of nutrients and water influencing the permeability of cell membranes of plants. It was shown that filed pea is more stable and perspective plant for cultivation on oil contaminated soil. The obtained results testify to the prospects of combined use of the preparation based on oil-degrading microorganisms and biogenic surfactants for enhancement of plant tolerance to adverse conditions such as petroleum contamination in soils.

The problem of the environment pollution in Sokal and Drohobych districts of Lviv region and Dolyna districts of Ivano-Frankivsk region due to different types of man-made pollution is considered. The influence of coal and oil industry wastes on the ecological status of these territories has been analyzed. Basic species of plants for phytomelioration of man-disturbed areas are listed. It is shown that by phytomelioration of man-disturbed areas of the Chervonograd industrial coal-mining region can be performed by Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth, Brassica napus var. olei-fera, Salix caprea L., Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula L., Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. і Petasites hybridus L., and for oil-contaminated areas – by Carex hirta L., Vicia faba var. minor, Soja japonica Savi. The biochemical aspects of species adaptation to toxic factors of anthropogenic areas, their role in the environment formation and protective functions have been analyzed.

The analysis of heavy metal content in the substrate rock dump coal mine disco­vered and concentration factors of heavy metals in the substrates. Among the components of substrates, the highest content in HM was arhilitah, then siltstones, sandstones in the least. According to the coefficient of biological accumulation plant cane were hiperaccumulators of most heavy metals thus can recommended as plants- they phytoremediators in the drainage ditches of rock dump coal mines.

The analysis of content of heavy metals and sulphur is conducted in substrate of the dump soil. Influence is certain traditional and capsuled NPK on maintenance of sulphur, free amino acids and protein in plants of rape on conditions of growth on substrate of the dump. Differences found were in the synthesis of amino acids, amides, urea and ammonia, protein at the action of fertilizers. The increment of basic amino acid levels, especially arginine, as well as amides, glutamine and asparagine in plants was demonstrated on the background of decline of urea content. Efficiency of capsulated fertilizer of rapeseed plants with twice lower concentration than classic dose of fertilization.

До и после интенсивных силовых тренировок (9 недель) по трём различным протоколам у 22 спортсменов-любителей изучали: изменения биохимических маркёров костного ремоделирования, его нейроэндокринную регуляцию, костную массу до и после тренировочного цикла (ГЦ) и через 8 месяцев после ГЦ, а также их возможную ассоциацию с полиморфизмом генов, кодирующих коллаген 1a1 (Co11a1), и рецепторы витамина D (VRD) и кальцитонина (CALCR). Установлено, что длительная интенсивная физическая нагрузка сопряжена со значительной активацией процессов резорбции костной ткани в сочетании с сохранением высокого уровня синтетических процессов. Несмотря на это, даже через 8 месяцев после завершения тренировок в данной когорте не возникает ситуации, которую можно было бы квалифицировать как остеопороз, но индивидуально выявляется тенденция к остеопении. Последняя, как показывают результаты генетического анализа, ассоциирована с полиморфизмом генов предрасположенности (генотипом ГГ гена VDR, функционально ослабленным s аллелем гена Со11а1).

До и после интенсивных силовых тренировок (9 недель) по трём различным протоколам у 22 спортсменов-любителей изучали: изменения биохимических маркёров костного ремоделирования, его нейроэндокринную регуляцию, костную массу до и после тренировочного цикла (ТЦ). Установлено, что длительная интенсивная физическая нагрузка сопряжена со значительной активацией процессов резорбции костной ткани в сочетании с сохранением высокого уровня синтетических процессов. Тем не менее сравнительно короткая продолжительность экспериментальных тренировок, как и следовало ожидать, не выявила их существенного влияния на показатели МПК всех исследованных участков скелета. Обнаруженные слабо выраженные тенденции могут рассматриваться как случайные флюктуации, не выходящие за пределы технической точности

Scientific relevance. The main cause of cardiovascular pathologies is atherosclerosis, which is secondary to lipid metabolism disorders, in particular, the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia treatment with the largest evidence base predominantly includes statins in combination therapy, but their use is limited by into lerance in some patients. Alternatively, the treatment may include proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.Aim. The study aimed to analyse the applicability of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with statin intolerance.Discussion. According to the literature analysis, the most common presentation of statin intolerance is statin-associated muscle symptoms. The pathogenesis of statin-associated adverse events is mainly mediated by HMGCoA reductase inhibition, treatment effects on cellular and subcellular processes and skeletal muscles, and patients’ genetic makeup. The mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors is entirely different and involves binding and inactivation of the PCSK9 protein, which lowers blood LDL cholesterol levels. PCSK9 inhibitors have been associated with some adverse drug reactions, most notably immunogenicity; however, PCSK9 inhibitors effectively reduce LDL levels even if patients develop antibodies.Conclusions. Therefore, PCSK9 inhibitors are a safe, well-tolerated, and effec tive therapeutic strategy for hyperlipidaemia in patients with statin intolerance.

Abstract We studied the possibility of optimizing the DNA transfection properties of carriers based on lysine dendrimers of the third and the fifth generation, including those containing a chloroacetyl or a lipophilic palmitoyl moiety at the C-end. The use of the lysosome-destroying antibiotic chloroquine and the amphipathic polycationic nonadecapeptide JTS-1 was found to enhance the DNA-transfecting properties of the lysine dendrimers. A triple complex including DNA, a lysine dendrimer of the third generation modified with lipophilic moieties of palmitic acid at its C-end, and JTS-1 was shown to be comparable in its transfecting activity to a complex containing Escort, a commercial cationic liposome carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Cationic oligopeptides, including the amphipathic a-helical peptides, are applied to the targeted delivery of DNA to eukaryotic cells due to their DNA-compacting properties and the ability to destabilize the cell lipid bilayer in some cases. We synthesized the peptides differing in the number and location of residues of decanoic acid covalently attached to Lys residues in order to combine the DNA-binding and the membrane activities in a single molecule. We chose peptide structures that assisted in the formation of a helices. The DNA-binding ability of the peptides and the membrane activity of their complexes with DNA were shown to depend on the structure. The study of erythrocyte hemolysis by complexes with DNA of the pCMV LacZ plasmid and the peculiarities of transfection of these complexes revealed a correlation between the hemolytic activity and the expression level of the lacZ gene in cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron microscopy and cytochemical study of alveolar tissue of rat lungs were performed at the early stage after intratracheal treatment with fine silicon dioxide powder. The preparation was administered to animals receiving or not receiving intravenous injection of uridine. Dust particles permeated the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei of cells in the air-blood barrier of the alveoli. Uridine decreased the severity of dust-induced damage to cells and increased intracellular glycogen content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method and apparatus have been developed for fatigue tests on tube materials subject to high temperatures and corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacies of the standard procedure for application of negative pressure on the lower part of the body (NPLB) and a combination of NPLB and negative-pressure respiration (NPR) during a simulated last stage of a spaceflight under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH, –6°) and isolation for 7 days have been compared in the course of three series of tests involving six volunteers in an EU-100 pressurized chamber. After the end of the 7-day ANOH and isolation, episodes of orthostatic disorders were observed in all six subjects in the first series of tests (the control series) and in four subjects in the second series (NPLB). In the third series (NPLB + NPR), orthostatic disorders, if any, were slight. Two main conclusions have been made. First, ANOH combined with isolation in a small chamber may be used to simulate the effects of the combined factors of spaceflight on humans in order to obtain model gravitational circulatory disorders. Second, the combined use of NPLB + NPR under these conditions may be effective for the prevention of orthostatic circulatory disorders in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study of the structure and thermodynamic properties of a sample of U0.718Ce0.282O2±x, which is an analogue of uranium–plutonium oxide, is performed to study the effect of adding cerium oxide on the properties of oxide fuel. The experimental specimens were obtained by powder metallurgy. x-Ray diffraction analysis of sintered tablets showed the formation of an equilibrium one-phase solid substitution solution based on UO2 with substoichiometric composition. The potentiometric method of the emf of a solid-electrolyte galvanic cell in the range 850–1050°C and solid-phase coulometric titration with working temperature 1000°C were used to study the dependence of the oxygen potential of uranium-cerium oxide on the oxygen/metal ratio and the temperature. The concentration dependences of the enthalpy and the entropy of dissolution of oxygen in uranium-cerium oxide are calculated and constructed and it is determined that these dependences vary strongly at near-stoichiometric composition. The results can be used to analyze the properties of uranium–plutonium oxide fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the ratio between intrathoracic and central venous pressure were studied in narcotized cats under conditions of constant positive or negative pressure ventilation. Transformation of elastic characteristics in the respiratory system caused by changes in intrathoracic pressure led to inversion of the ratio between transpulmonary intrathoracic and central venous pressure determining right atrial filling pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed method of predicting spatial distribution of leaching zones in carbonate reservoirs includes integrated interpretation of well logging data, including electrical microimages (Formation MicroImager – FMI), together with analysis of lithofacies within depositional cycles. Based on the comparison of FMI data with results of lithological and petrophysical studies of the core, an atlas of diagenetic porosity images for the studied formation was developed. Choquette and Pray international classification was used for pore typing. Applying the developed atlas to FMI logs, karstification zones were identified and classified in reference wells. In wells, where only standard well loggings was performed, karstification zones were identified using a developed decision tree. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis made it possible to identify sedimentation cycles and to correlate the main lithofacies within the target reservoir. It was established that microbial and shallow facies form the most productive part of the reservoir. These facies with initially high primary porosity were subjected to the most intensive karstification along sequence stratigraphic boundaries due to subaerial exposure. The established relationships between leaching zones, lithofacies, and sequence-stratigraphic boundaries made it possible to carry out inter-well correlation of karstified intervals. The correlation will allow construction of leaching zones maps, that will be further applied for geological modeling.

Introduction: Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAE) is a serious and potentially dangerous condition that can interrupt the blood supply to the brain and cause stroke. One of the promising gas mixtures for emergency treatment of air embolism is an oxygen-helium mixture.Methods: We modeled CAE in awake rats by injecting air into the common carotid artery. Immediately after CAE, animals were either untreated or underwent hyperbaria, oxygen inhalation, heated air inhalation, or helium-oxygen mixture inhalation. Body temperature, locomotor activity, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored in the animals before CAE modeling, and 3 and 24 h after CAE modeling.Results: After 3 hours of CAE modeling in awake rats, depression of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as decreased body temperature were observed. 24 h after CAE modeling multifocal cerebral ischemia was observed. Normobaric helium-oxygen mixture inhalation, on par with hyperbaric treatment, restored body temperature, locomotor activity, respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and blood pressure 3 hours after CAE, and prevented the formation of ischemic brain damage lesions 24 h after CAE.Discussion: Thus, inhalation of a heated oxygen-helium gas mixture (O2 30% and He 70%) immediately after CAE improves the physiological condition of the animals and prevents the foci of ischemic brain damage formation.