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У статті розкрито особливості віденської моделі експропріації майна євреїв у період нацистського панування. Досліджено проблеми пограбуван- ня, переслідування євреїв Відня, конфіскації культурних цінностей, творів живопису та шляхи пошуків слідів їх подальшого розміщення. Проаналізо- вано реальні історії єврейської родини Блох-Бауер — власників і спадкоємців картин Густава Клімта «Портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер I» («Золота Адель») та інших пограбованих мешканців Відня єврейського походження. Встанов- лено, за яких обставин «Портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер I», що залишився цілим і неушкодженим під час Другої світової війни, опинився далеко за межами Австрії. Висвітлено значення цих культурних шедеврів для Австрії й ав- стрійців, а також з’ясовуються варіативні можливості їх подальшої долі. Проаналізовано проблеми, пов’язані з пошуками та реституцією приватних і державних зібрань Республіки Австрія, розграбованих під час панування нацистського режиму. Наведено характерні приклади пограбованих творів живопису, окреслено шляхи їх повернення законним власникам або реституції країні походження, розкрито історії вже повернутих культурних об’єктів. Ключові слова: євреї, нацизм, антисемітизм, Відень, пограбування, культурні цінності, реституція, портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер, національний символ, Густав Клімт.

The Objective was to evaluate the effects of the concentration of blood hemoglobin, total serum protein and albumin on skin graft engraftment frequency.Methods and Materials. The study included 186 patients with full-thickness skin burn more than 5 % of total body surface area who were treated in five different burn departments of the Russian Federation. Depending on the readiness of the wounds, all performed surgical treatments were divided into four groups: 1) simultaneous skin graft after tangential necretomy; 2) simultaneous skin graft after radical necretomy; 3) skin graft for granulation wounds; 4) skin graft for a long time existing pathologically (hyper)granulation. Venous blood was taken from all the patients 12 hours before and 12–24 hours after skin graft. The concentration of blood hemoglobin, total serum protein and albumin was determined in the obtained samples. The evaluation of skin graft engraftment frequency was carried out by a combined method on the 7th day after skin graft. The data obtained were processed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics.Results. The concentration of total serum protein (p=0.001) and albumin (p=0.000) had a significant impact on the skin grafting results. This relationship was most pronounced during skin grafting on granulating wounds and after radical necretomy. The data obtained were identical for meshed and non-meshed skin grafts. Decrease in hemoglobin concentration did not lead to a degradation of skin grafts (p=0.068) in any of the study groups. According to the results of the laboratory parameters ranking, it was found that maintaining the concentration of total serum protein more than 6 g/dL allows 1.3 times to improve the results of skin grafting, and albumin concentrations more than 3.5 g/dL – 1.4.Conclusion. During the study, we were unable to confirm the existence of a relationship between the concentration of blood hemoglobin and the results of skin graft engraftment by any of the statistical analysis methods in any of the study groups. Accordingly, the inability to transfuse erythrocytes to a patient with anemia below 9–8 g/dL cannot be considered as an absolute contraindication for early surgical treatment of burned patients. Apparently, the concentration of total serum protein and albumin has a much greater effect on the skin grafting results. Trigger values of total serum protein can be recognized as 6 g/dL (albumin – 3.5 g/dL), which provides good results of engraftment in at least 90 % of operated patients.

Recent researches left no doubt in clinical efficacy of allogenic fibroblasts transplantation in case of burn treatment. There are several problems concerning indications and terms of transplantation performance of cell culture in treatment of boundary burns. The authors would like to prove an application of allogenic fibroblast culture in surgical treatment of victims with extensive dermal burns. The authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 36 miners, who were cured in burn department of V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Plastic Surgery (Donetsk) at the period from 2004 to 2013. It was found that the application of fetal allogenic fibroblasts reduced the number of repeated autoplasty on 36% in main group of patients due to optimization of wound healing in case of burns.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of allogeneic fibroblasts on during wound healing process in burn wound on the basis of cytology data. Achieved smear prints of burn in 14 victims of explosions of methane-coal mixture, which were treated in the Donetsk burn center in the period from 2009 to 2012. In the surgical treatment of these patients with extensive burns used cell culture allogeneic fibroblasts. It was found that the change of inflammatory type prints on the regenerator to the study site occurs at 7,14±0,61 days after escharectomy, the control - at 11,79±0,62 per day. Through the use of allogeneic fibroblasts after the escharectomy with deep dermal burns were able to prepare a wound to skin grafting 1,65 times faster when compared to standard methods of postoperative management of burn wounds.

The article studied an influence of operative treatment on miners in the stage of burn shock, complicated by multi- and combined trauma and how these treatment options have changed the lethality and burn complications rates. All data based on an analysis of retrospective research. A primary surgical treatment of burn wounds was performed using simultaneous grafting by temporary biological cover for superficial burns during the burn shock stage in the main group of patients. For miners of comparison group this strategy hasn’t been applied and they were operated after ending of burn shock. The rate of development of burn sepsis decreased in 3,2 times (p=0,0001), the frequency of pneumonia reduced in 2,91 times (p=0,0001) and toxic encephalopathy - in 1,7 times (p=0,004) in the main group in relation to the comparison group. The authors made a conclusion, that significant reduction of the rate of the most dangerous complications of burns allowed decrease of lethality in patients of main group in 2,6 times in relation to the comparison group. There wasn’t carried out the primary surgical treatment of burns with covering of postoperative wound surfaces by temporary biological material during burn shock stage in comparison group.

Одним з рідкісних вроджених вад серця є аортолегеневе вікно - дефект між легеневою артерією і проксимальним відділом аорти. У статті наведено динамічне клінічне спостереження недоношеного новонародженого з аортолегеневим вікном.

Background: Various physical phenomena come into use in medicine; however, to date, universal physical methods have not been developed to optimize the course of the wound healing at all treatment stages. In combustiology, the first stage of burn treatment is debridement; then it is important to create an optimal biological environment, normalize blood circulation, suppress pathogenic flora, and stimulate proliferative processes in the wound.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low-temperature argon plasma (LTAP) and ultrasonic cavitation in deep burn wound treatment based on clinical observations and cytological findings.Materials and methods: We studied impression smears from burn wounds of 36 patients with deep burns of various etiologies who were treated using LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation in the Thermal Injuries Unit at the Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) between 2022 and 2023.Results: We found that cytogram findings in the study area changed from the inflammatory type to the regenerative-inflammatory one on day 3-7 when LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation were used, while such change in the control area was observed only after 10 days of treatment. Thanks to the use of LTAP and ultrasound after necrosectomy for deep dermal burns, the wound preparation for autologous skin grafting takes less time than it does with standard methods of local burn wound care. Ultrasonic cavitation should be used in cases of severe exudation and slough, whereas LTAP should be used when reparative processes in a burn wound slow down.Conclusions: Burn wound treatment using ultrasonic cavitation and LTAP enables to prepare the wound surface for autologous skin grafting with a high engraftment rate. The procedure allows to effectively and atraumatically debride the wound and suppress pathogenic microflora. Further research is planned in patients with large deep burn wounds.

BACKGROUND Irregularity and mosaicity in the depth of the burn skin lesion limits the possibility of performing precision tangential necrectomy in the early stages after injury. Non-radical necrectomy leads to lysis of transplanted autodermal grafts. This problem is most relevant in the treatment of victims with extensive dermal and deep burns.AIM OF STUDY To study the relationship between microcirculation parameters in the burn wound and the outcomes of autodermal transplantation after tangential necrectomy.MATERIAL AND METHODS 74 patients with extensive skin burns included in the study underwent tangential necrectomy with simultaneous autodermal transplantation. All operations were performed early (up to 10 days) after injury before the formation of the demarcation line. Microcirculation parameters in the burn wound were studied by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after tangential necrectomy and in healthy skin of the same anatomical region.RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p≤0.001) were found between microcirculation parameters in the center of the burn wound after tangential necrectomy and in the control area of intact skin. In this case, the results of autodermal transplantation were characterized by a skin engraftment rate of up to 60–70%. In those areas of the body where there were no differences between microcirculation parameters , the engraftment exceeded 80%.CONCLUSION Assessment of microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry can be a reliable method for diagnosing the condition and viability of a burn wound after tangential excision of dead tissues in the early stages of treatment — before the formation of a demarcation line. The diagnostic technique is easy to use, but requires skills in working with a flowmeter, unification of such devices and methods for their use in the practice of surgical treatment of burns.

У статті з’ясовуються обсяги втрат бібліотек і музеїв України, які були пограбовані гітлерівською Німеччиною. На багатьох прикладах досліджено проблему вивезених з України бібліотечних фондів, культурних цінностей та їх повоєнні долі. Доведена обґрунтованість претензії української сторони на викрадені нацистами під час Другої світової війни культурні цінності. Проаналізовано проблеми, які значно ускладнюють або роблять малоймовірним повернення викрадених колекцій бібліотечних та архівних установ і музейних зібрань. Висвітлено практику повернення в Україну цінних книг, архівних документів, інкунабул, художніх творів, передачу спадкоємцям або їх нащадкам тих об’єктів, які були відчужені у роки Другої світової війни. Ключові слова: бібліотеки, книги, архівні зібрання, музеї, твори мистецтва, Україна, нацизм, втрати, пошуки, повернення, реституція.

Background. Scientists around the world are interested in applying physical phenomena to various fields of science. The development of entire areas united by one concept (‘plasma medicine’, etc.) stands as an outstanding example. This study focuses on only two concepts of interest, which are plasma jet and electric field, as far as results of their combined use in clinical practice and in surgery remain understudied. Objective. Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of physical methods of treatment in skin wound healing. Material and Methods. Animal testing involved 45 small laboratory animals (rats). They were divided into 5 groups of 9 according to methods for experimental wound healing. To generate the plasma jet, a portable generator was used, which is the original development of specialists of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Planimetric and histological measurements were analysed. The antibacterial effectiveness of methods under research was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus 209P, cultivated in vitro on 6- and 12-millimeter discs. Discussion. A combination of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and frequency-modulated electric field signal exhibited the ability to accelerate eschar separation by 52.1% (p < 0.05) and stimulate restorative regeneration by 56% (p < 0.05). Combination of physical methods of treatment demonstrated pronounced antibacterial effect. A histological examination on biopsy sample on the 21st day of observation revealed formed (mature) granulations and large number of newly formed vessels. The cellular composition of epidermal basement membrane showed high level of differentiation. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that the use of the proposed methods in clinical practice will improve the treatment process of the patients with wounds of different etiology.

BACKGROUND. The severity of the victims’ state in the early period after the combined trauma (with the prevalence of a thermal injury) is associated with the development of numerous changes in all organs and systems which make proper diagnosis of complications and estimation of lethal outcome probability extremely difficult to be performed.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The article presents a mathematical model for predicting lethal outcomes in victims of methanecoal mixture explosion, based on case histories of 220 miners who were treated at the Donetsk Burn Center in 1994–2012.RESULTS. It was revealed that the probability of lethal outcomes in victims of methane-coal mixture explosion was statistically significantly affected with the area of deep burns (p

Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds. As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle. The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5, RAD50, and RETREG1). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1, ABCG2), growth (e.g., XKR4), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates.

One of the most economically important areas within the Russian agricultural sector is dairy and beef cattle farming contributing about $11 billion to the Russian economy annually. Trade connections, selection and breeding have resulted in the establishment of a number of breeds that are presumably adapted to local climatic conditions. Little however is known about the ancestry and history of Russian native cattle. To address this question, we genotyped 274 individuals from 18 breeds bred in Russia and compared them to 135 additional breeds from around the world that had been genotyped previously. Our results suggest a shared ancestry between most of the Russian cattle and European taurine breeds, apart from a few breeds that shared ancestry with the Asian taurines. The Yakut cattle, belonging to the latter group, was found to be the most diverged breed in the whole combined dataset according to structure results. Haplotype sharing further suggests that the Russian cattle can be divided into four major clusters reflecting ancestral relations with other breeds. Herein, we therefore shed light on to the history of Russian cattle and identified closely related breeds to those from Russia. Our results will facilitate future research on detecting signatures of selection in cattle genomes and eventually inform future genetics-assisted livestock breeding programs in Russia and in other countries.