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Resumo: E Muitos fatores de risco são indicados na literatura para as disfunções da musculatura do assoalho pélvico (MAP), no entanto, pouco se sabe como o envelhecimento influência a MAP. Estudo que comparou a função e a atividade eletromiográfica da MAP em mulheres em diferentes idades. Participaram 70 mulheres entre 18 e 69 anos, submetidas à avaliação da função e pressão de contração, além da eletromiográfia da MAP durante o repouso e a contração voluntária máxima (CVM). Os resultados mostram que não foram observadas diferenças significativas quando avaliados os valores da pressão de contração da MAP e dados eletromiográficos da RMS média e pico da CVM nos grupos. A correlação entre a idade, função, pressão de contração e atividade elétrica da MAP demonstrou uma correlação negativa baixa apenas entre a idade das voluntárias e dados eletromiográficos de RMS média e pico. Conclui-se que a baixa correlação negativa entre a idade e a atividade eletromiográfica da MAP demonstra uma tendência de quanto maior a idade menor a atividade eletromiográfica desses músculos.

Abstract Background Labor, although natural and physiological, is a period that can be marked by stress, pain, anxiety, suffering, fear, and anguish for a woman. Thus, non-pharmacological methods that reduce pain during labor are important to allow a better experience without the use of medications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of non-pharmacological pain relief methods, added or not to the application of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), on pain, satisfaction with the childbirth, duration of labor, and newborn conditions. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, composed of women in the first active stage of labor, admitted to a public institution. The parturients will be divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 36) composed of parturients who will have continuous support and will be encouraged to walk, adopting different positions with the use of the Swiss ball and receiving back massage for 30 min; group 2 (n = 36) composed of parturients who will also have continuous support and will be encouraged to walk, adopt different positions using the Swiss ball, and will receive the application of TENS for 30 min; and group 3 (n = 36) composed of parturients who will have continuous support and will be encouraged to walk, adopting different positions with the use of the Swiss ball, and will receive placebo TENS application for 30 min. The outcomes evaluated in the study will be pain intensity assessed by the visual analog scale of pain applied before, immediately after, and 30 min and 1 h after the interventions; Experience and Satisfaction with Childbirth Questionnaire (QESP) applied 12 to 24 h after delivery; and data regarding delivery (type of delivery, total duration of labor, and possible obstetric complications) and neonate (weight, height, possible complications, Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes). Discussion With this research, it is expected to understand the effects of the intervention through TENS electrostimulation added to other non-pharmacological methods for pain management during labor. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) RBR-68kh6j . Registered on March 17, 2020

Abstract Background Neurogenic bladder (NB) can affect people after stroke episodes. NB features changes in the normal voiding pattern at the bladder filling and emptying phases. Overactive NB is characterized by urgency symptoms, with or without urinary incontinence, caused by NB. This disorder affects many domains of life (physical, social, psychological, domestic, sexual) that limit personal autonomy and degrade the quality of life. Among the several treatments available, the conservative physical therapy intervention through tibial nerve electrostimulation (TNES) and parasacral electrostimulation (PSES) can help improve patient conditions with a smaller number of collateral effects than those of interventions based on medication. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of TNES and PSES techniques in women with overactive NB after stroke episodes to assess the impact of urinary incontinence in these women, on their number of incontinence episodes, daytime and nocturnal urinary frequency, and quality of life. Methods This is a prospective clinical study to compare two randomized groups based on parallel and blind conditions. Forty-four women who have had a stroke episode at least 30 days before the trial and who have developed overactive NB will be recruited for the trial. All patients will be subjected to initial evaluation and randomly divided into two groups, TNES and PSES. Subsequently, the two groups will be subjected to a 12-session intervention protocol, twice a week. A new evaluation will be performed after the intervention. Discussion The results of this study will contribute to the physiotherapeutic treatment of women with NB after a stroke episode since such results will add information about the benefits of this treatment, urinary control, and the improvements in the quality of life of these women. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) RBR-2bn2z4 . Registered on December 11, 2018