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In recent years, intensive research on urban transport has been observed. The search is about finding such solutions that will enable, among others: increasing the importance of public transport, matching transport for the needs of people with reduced mobility, increasing capacity, reducing emissions, energy efficiency (technical and organizational dimension through the organization of transport on demand), increasing the vulnerability to recycling and remanufacturing. The paper presents the main concept and technical solutions of the innovative transport system – HMASSUT Prometheus (Hybrid Modular Autonomous System for Sustainable Urban Transport), which combines the concepts of personal rapid transport and an electric vehicle at the L4 autonomy level (according to the Society of Automotive Engineers classification). An assessment of the effectiveness of an innovative transport system using indicators used in road engineering is given in the paper. The concept of simulation and optimization of the transport network is presented together with the theory of cellular automata.

The electric bus is an ecological means of transport. Its operation reduces the negative impact on the environment. The transition to electric urban transport is in line with the concept of sustainable development of the European Union and the Polish “Act on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels”. Today, on the streets of Polish cities, electric buses are increasingly replacing diesel-powered vehicles. The electrification of the bus fleet requires the establishment of an appropriate infrastructure for charging vehicle batteries. Electric chargers are placed at the end stops of the communication lines. When the bus stops at the end of the route, it is possible to partially recharge the energy consumed. The amount of recharged energy depends on many factors, such as the power of the charger, bus stop time, possible waiting time for a free charger, etc. In the event of incomplete replenishment of the consumed energy, the completion of subsequent courses may be endangered. The article proposes an approach to the analysis of the process of charging electric buses at the end stops of the route, taking into account the characteristics of the vehicle battery, the intensity of vehicle traffic, the characteristics of stationary chargers and its quantity. The proposed approach uses queue theory to describe the process of bus charging. The result of the research is the estimation of the use of the chargers in different configurations and the estimation of the state of charge of the bus battery for selected timetables.

We examined the differences in muscle tension and in physiological measures depending on the type of mental task. Fifteen participants performed tests for sustained attention, vigilance and maintaining posture only. We analysed electromyogram (EMG) measures of extensor digitorum (ED), flexor carpi ulnaris (FU), deltoideus (DE) and trapezius (TR), and heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (RF). Measures indicated higher values for mental tasks than for maintained posture only with significant differences in all measures. The following relationships were also significant: between DE and physiological measures (HR and RF), between ED and the amplitude of EMG of the other three muscles, between FU and TR and between HR and RF. The results of this study showed that the relationship between mental demands and muscle tension was mostly reflected by tension in the arm and shoulder girdle muscles and, to a lesser degree, in forearm muscles., Practitioner Summary: We focused on physiological and muscle tension measures differentiating work according to the level of mental demands. Differences in sustained attention, vigilance and maintaining posture only proved that mental demands were mostly reflected by tension in arm and shoulder girdle muscles and, to a lesser degree, in forearm muscles.