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Objective To compare the intervention effects of antidepressants combined with Yi Shu psychodrama or with general health education on depression, anxiety, self-esteem and mental resilience in depression patients with childhood trauma so as to explore a better clinical program. Methods A total of 68 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 unipolar depressive episode and also were positive for Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF) were recruited from the psychiatric outpatients of our hospital, and then they were randomly divided into antidepressants plus Yi Shu psychodrama group and antidepressants plus general health education group. The patients were subsequently intervened for 6 months and then followed up for another 6 months. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item (HAMD-17), Beck Anxiety Inventory-21 item (BAI-21), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used for assessment. Repeated-measures ANOVA was adopted to compare the effects on depression and anxiety improvement, as well as the results of self-esteem and resilience development between the 2 groups at the end of intervention and during follow-up. Results ① There were 35 cases enrolled in the psychodrama group and 33 in the joint health education group. By the end of follow-up, 4 cases were lost in the former and 13 in the latter group, with statistical difference in shedding rate between the 2 groups (11.4% vs 39.4%, P < 0.01). ② At the end of intervention, the total efficacy rate of the psychodrama group was higher than that of the health education group (63.63% vs 37.04%, Chi-square=4.207, P < 0.05). ③ The results of repeated-measures ANOVA and simple effect analysis revealed that at the end of intervention, the scores of depression and anxiety were decreased in both groups, while those of self-esteem, mental resilience and its dimensions were increased, with significant differences in scores of HAMD, SES, CD-RISC and its dimensions (P < 0.05), except for BAI score. During the follow-up, the scores of self-esteem and strength dimension were higher in the psychodrama group than the health education group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of major depressive disorder with childhood trauma, antidepressants combined with Yi Shu psychodrama has better overall efficacy and maintenance effect in improving depression, anxiety, self-esteem and mental resilience than the joint general health education program, with better treatment compliance as well.

The polarized electron source is a critical component in accelerator facilities such as the electron–ion collider, which requires a polarized electron gun with higher voltage and higher bunch charge than existing sources. One challenge we faced was the surface charge limit of the distributed Bragg reflector GaAs/GaAsP superlattice (DBR-SL-GaAs) photocathode. We suppressed this effect by optimizing the surface doping and heat cleaning procedures. We achieved up to 11.6 nC bunch charge of polarized electron beam. In this report, we discuss the performance of tests of a DBR-SL-GaAs photocathode in the high voltage direct current gun. Possible reasons for the observed peak quantum efficiency wavelength shift are analyzed, and we addressed it by using a wavelength tunable laser. In addition, the impact of the DBR layer and laser on the lifetime is investigated in this paper. The optimal DBR-SL-GaAs operating zone has been proposed, which gave us a long lifetime and high polarization at 30 μA operation. The success of this polarized gun will be key to the future of the nuclear sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the effects of the combination of (Yishu) psychodrama versus general mental health education with antidepressants on clinical symptoms, coping style and neuroimaging features in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who experienced childhood trauma. Methods This prospective case-control study was conducted in MDD patients with childhood trauma recruited from our department of psychiatry. The patients were randomly assigned into observation group (n=16) for treatment with antidepressants combined with (Yishu) psychodrama and control group (n=16) treated with antidepressants and general mental health education, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was used as the main antidepressants for 6 months in both groups. After the interventions, the patients were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory-13 item (BDI-13), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was determined and compared between the two groups. Results After 6 months of intervention, no significant differences were found in the changes of BDI score (P>0.05) or BAI score (P>0.05) between the two groups, but the changes in TCSQ positive score (P < 0.05) and TCSQ negative score (P < 0.01) differed significantly between them. Resting fMRI results showed 19 interactive brain regions (corrected by FDR, P < 0.05) in these patients. Post hoc analysis revealed that after the intervention, the patients in the observation group, as compared with the control patients, tended to have enhanced activation of the left medial superior frontal gyrus (P>0.05) and showed significant enhancement of activation in the right parahippocampal gyrus (P < 0.01) with attenuated activation in the left precuneus lobe (P < 0.05). Conclusion Antidepressants combined with psychodrama can more effectively modify the coping style of depressed patients with childhood trauma than the combination of medications and general mental health education, possibly due to the effect of psychodrama to enhance the activation of the right parahippocampal gyrus and attenuate the activation of the left anterior cuneiform lobe, which leads to reduction of the adverse effects of negative experiences on emotion and cognition-coping. Psychodrama combined with medications can be used in the treatment of depressed patients with childhood trauma.

Spin polarized photocathodes are key to the future operation of electron accelerators such as the ones at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Brookhaven National Laboratory. Currently, these photocathodes come in short supply due to limited production by molecular beam epitaxy. By developing a process to implement similar structures using metal organic chemical vapor deposition, the availability of these devices can be increased. In this paper, we detail the implementation of recent photocathode advancements via metal organic chemical vapor deposition process and show an improvement in both polarization and quantum efficiency of our devices compared to those fabricated via molecular beam epitaxy, with devices reaching 82% polarization and 2.9% quantum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocathodes based on GaAs and other III–V semiconductors are capable of producing highly spin-polarized electron beams. GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathodes exhibit high spin polarization; however, the quantum efficiency (QE) is limited to 1% or less. To increase the QE, we fabricated a GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathode with a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) underneath. This configuration creates a Fabry–Pérot cavity between the DBR and GaAs surface, which enhances the absorption of incident light and, consequently, the QE. These photocathode structures were grown using molecular beam epitaxy and achieved record quantum efficiencies exceeding 15% and electron spin polarization of about 75% when illuminated with near-bandgap photon energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lifetime of GaAs photocathodes in polarized electron guns is limited due to the delicate activation layer. An atomically clean and smooth GaAs surface is needed to deposit a robust activation layer, such as Cs 2 Te , with longer lifetime compared to traditional (Cs,O) activation. A previous experiment with Cs 2 Te activation on GaAs used heat cleaning temperatures around 400 ° C to avoid an increase in surface roughness [Bae et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 154101 (2018)]. High-temperature heat cleaning around 580 ° C , which results in a relatively contamination-free surface, could be one possible way to improve quantum efficiency. However, one should be cautious about surface roughness degradation during high-temperature heat cleaning. In this paper, we report results of surface roughness measurements on native, heat cleaned, and (Cs,O) activated GaAs photocathodes under vacuum. The results, measured by ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy, show that the surface roughness improves as the heat cleaning temperature is increased, by at least a factor of three for 580 ° C heat cleaning, compared to the native sample. Activation with (Cs,O) is shown to increase surface roughness by a factor of four compared to a 580 ° C heat cleaned sample. This confirms that high-temperature heat cleaning can be useful for depositing good quality robust activation layers on GaAs. We also report chemical analysis for each step of preparation for p-doped GaAs photocathodes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle-resolved XPS, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the (Cs,O) activation layer forms a sandwich structure consists of Cs and oxygen. We found no formation of any specific compound such as Cs 2 O or Cs 11 O 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]