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Background With the acceleration of population aging, multiple chronic diseases have become common in the elderly, and the research on multiple chronic diseases in the elderly is also increasing. However, few studies have been conducted to analyze its progress and hotspots. Objective To analyze the hotspots of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly at home and abroad, revealing the hotspots in frontiers research, so as to provide a reference for related researchers to track cutting-edge information. Methods The literatures related to multiple chronic diseases in the elderly were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Chinese Medical Association Journal Full-text database, and APA-PsycINFO database of the American Psychological Association with the retrieval time of 2010-2021, based on text mining technology and bibliometrics method, etc. CiteSpace 6.1.3, PASW 18, BICOMB 2.04 and other software were used to analyze and visualize the trends in number of papers published, sources, authors, institutions, keywords and other aspects of literature publication. Strategic coordinate maps were drawn to analyze research hotspots in the field. Results Finally, 9 392 literatures related to multiple chronic diseases in the elderly were involved, including 5 776 literatures in foreign language and 3 616 literatures in Chinese. The numbers of literatures related to multiple chronic diseases in the elderly both in foreign language and Chinese have increased exponentially in the past decade, with the annual growth rate of 13.27% in Chinese literature and 15.84% in foreign literature, suggesting the development stage of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly. Five mainstream research hotspots have been identified in both Chinese and foreign literatures. There are more literatures related to multiple chronic disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and respiratory diseases. The foreign literatures have focused more on the psychiatric comorbidity, followed by somatic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. Conclusion The analysis results shows that the field of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly is in a rapid development stage. Analysis of foreign literature shows that psychiatric comorbidity is a relatively hot topic but not mature enough, research results related to multiple chronic diseases in the elderly are abundant and diversified, but the research depth is in sufficient. Domestic literature analysis shows that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with respiratory diseases in the elderly is at the core of the field, and there is a lack of studies related to psychiatric comorbidity such as depression and mutiple chronic diseases such as health situation, nursing and health care, which may become the main direction of research development in the future.

It remains challenging to comprehensively understand the packing models of conjugated polymers, in which side chains play extremely critical roles. The side chains are typically flexible and non‐conductive and are widely used to improve the polymer solubility in organic solutions. Herein, a buffer chain model is proposed to describe link between conjugated backbone and side chains for understanding the relationship of crystallization competition of conductive conjugated backbones and non‐conductive side chains. A longer buffer chain is beneficial for alleviating such crystallization competition and further promoting the spontaneous packing of conjugated backbones, resulting in enhanced charge transport properties. Our results provide a novel concept for designing conjugated polymers towards ordered organization and enhanced electronic properties and highlight the importance of balancing the competitive interactions between different parts of conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating heteroatoms can effectively modulate the molecular optoelectronic properties. However, the fundamental understanding of BN doping effects in BN‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is underexplored, lacking rational guidelines to modulate the electronic structures through BN units for advanced materials. Herein, a concise synthesis of novel B2N2‐perylenes with BN doped at the bay area is achieved to systematically explore the doping effect of BN position on the photophysical properties of PAHs. The shift of BN position in B2N2‐perylenes alters the π electron conjugation, aromaticity and molecular rigidness significantly, achieving substantially higher electron transition abilities than those with BN doped in the nodal plane. It is further clarified that BN position dominates the photophysical properties over BN orientation. The revealed guideline here may apply generally to novel BN‐PAHs, and aid the advancement of BN‐PAHs with highly‐emissive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers that can efficiently transport both ionic and electronic charges have broad applications in next‐generation optoelectronic, bioelectronic, and energy storage devices. To date, almost all the conjugated polymers have hydrophobic backbones, which impedes efficient ion diffusion/transport in aqueous media. Here, we design and synthesize a novel hydrophilic polymer building block, 4a‐azonia‐naphthalene (AN), drawing inspiration from biological systems. Because of the strong electron‐withdrawing ability of AN, the AN‐based polymers show typical n‐type charge transport behaviors. We find that cationic aromatics exhibit strong cation‐π interactions, leading to smaller π–π stacking distance, interesting ion diffusion behavior, and good morphology stability. Additionally, AN enhances the hydrophilicity and ionic‐electronic coupling of the polymer, which can help to improve ion diffusion/injection speed, and operational stability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The integration of cationic building blocks will undoubtedly enrich the material library for high‐performance n‐type conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the genome sequencing of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, emphasizing its implications for understanding the genetic basis of important horticultural traits such as flower color, shape, and environmental adaptability. It explores genomic insights into the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway and the evolution of specific genes linked to flower development and pigmentation.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread environmental pollutants. There is increasing evidence that PFASs have various adverse health effects, including renal toxicity, metabolic dysfunction, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity. PFASs have been found to accumulate in the placenta, and some PFASs can cross the placental barrier and subsequently accumulate in the fetus via the maternal–fetal circulation. An increasing number of studies have shown that early life exposure to PFASs can affect fetal neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the characteristics of indirect exposure to PFASs in early life, the effects on neurodevelopment in offspring, and the possible mechanisms of toxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The backbone conformation plays a vital role in the solution aggregation behavior and photophysical and electrical properties of conjugated polymers. Previous studies indicated that the backbone conformation modification mainly relied on introducing various functional groups. However, regulating the molecular conformation through non‐covalent interactions is highly susceptible to external factors such as solvents and temperature. Herein, four isoindigo‐based polymers, IIDDP, IIDDP‐C0, IIDDP‐C1, and IIDDP‐C2, are developed with distinct chain conformation. Covalent bonds are employed to fix the dihedral angle of the donor fragment and then control the main‐chain conformation. Due to conformation‐locking, it was observed that the planarization of the main chain from the solution to the thin film could not be achieved in the desired polymers with twisted backbones. Further investigations revealed that the relationship between the backbone conformation and the solution‐state supramolecular structures play a critical role in controlling solid‐state microstructures and optoelectronic performance of conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Saururus chinensis, an herbaceous magnoliid without perianth, represents a clade of early‐diverging angiosperms that have gone through woodiness–herbaceousness transition and pollination obstacles: the characteristic white leaves underneath inflorescence during flowering time are considered a substitute for perianth to attract insect pollinators. Here, using the newly sequenced S. chinensis genome, we revisited the phylogenetic position of magnoliids within mesangiosperms, and recovered a sister relationship for magnoliids and Chloranthales. By considering differentially expressed genes, we identified candidate genes that are involved in the morphogenesis of the white leaves in S. chinensis. Among those genes, we verified – in a transgenic experiment with Arabidopsis – that increasing the expression of the "pseudo‐etiolation in light" gene (ScPEL) can inhibit the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. ScPEL is thus likely responsible for the switches between green and white leaves, suggesting that changes in gene expression may underlie the evolution of pollination strategies. Despite being an herbaceous plant, S. chinensis still has vascular cambium and maintains the potential for secondary growth as a woody plant, because the necessary machinery, i.e., the entire gene set involved in lignin biosynthesis, is well preserved. However, similar expression levels of two key genes (CCR and CAD) between the stem and other tissues in the lignin biosynthesis pathway are possibly associated with the herbaceous nature of S. chinensis. In conclusion, the S. chinensis genome provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of pollination in Saururaceae and reveals a possible mechanism for the evolution of herbaceousness in magnoliids. Significance Statement: The Saururus chinensis genome provides an important new resource for the understanding of the "rapid radiation" of early angiosperms, coined by Darwin as an "abominable mystery," and recovered a sister relationship for magnoliids and Chloranthales. Experiments and bioinformatics analyses reveal the molecular mechanism for the pollination‐related organ morphogenesis (white leaves during flowering time) in S. chinensis and an adaptive evolution of pollination strategy in Saururaceae, and provide valuable insights into the woodiness–herbaceousness transition in magnoliids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Infertility has adverse effects on the quality of life (QoL) of infertile couples. Previous studies found important associations between sexual function, self-esteem and QoL, but mainly focused on one individual's approach rather than both partners. This study adopted a dyadic approach to evaluate the relationship between sexual function and QoL in couples with infertility through mediation and improving self-esteem. Patients and Methods: Between October 2020 and January 2021, 428 couples with infertility (n=856) undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) at a tertiary hospital in Hefei, China, were registered for the current descriptive cross-sectional research. The dyads' sociodemographic and clinical features, as well as their sexual function, self-esteem, and QoL were evaluated. The Fertility quality of life scale (FertiQoL), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) were used to evaluate the participants. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) was utilized to examine data from the dyadic relationships. Results: According to the APIMeM analysis, sexual function of individuals with infertility was directly and indirectly connected with their QoL, mediated through their self-esteem. The women's sexual function was found to be positively associated with their partner's QoL, with the women's self-esteem acting as a complete mediator. The men's sexual function was found to be positively associated with partner's QoL, with the men's self-esteem acting as a complete mediator. Conclusion: The findings suggest that boosting participants' self-esteem can help them and their partners have a better QoL. Also, therapies aimed at improving and sustaining self-esteem of couples with infertility could help mitigate the negative influence of low sexual function on their QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular ordering of conjugated polymers both in solution‐state aggregates and in solid‐state microstructures is a determining factor of the charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices. However, the effect of backbone conformation in conjugated polymers on assembly structures is still unclear. Herein, to understand such backbone conformation effect, three novel chlorinated benzodifurandionge‐based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV) polymers are systematically developed. These BDOPV‐based polymers exhibit significantly twisted backbone conformation (near 90° interunit torsion angle) between conjugated units, which can prevent polymer chains from forming ordered assembly structures by increasing conformational energy penalty in closely packed chains. A higher rotational barrier of the torsion angle would further prevent polymer chains from assembling, finally resulting in nonaggregated chains in solution and highly disordered solid‐state packing structures. This work will deepen the understanding of the relationship between polymer backbone conformation and assembly structures, contributing to the exploration of the structure–property relationship of polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the remarkable synthetic accomplishments in creating diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with B−N bonds (BN‐PAHs), their optoelectronic applications have been less exploited. Herein, we report the achievement of high‐mobility organic semiconductors based on existing BN‐PAHs through a "periphery engineering" strategy. Tetraphenyl‐ and diphenyl‐substituted BN‐anthracenes (TPBNA and DPBNA, respectively) are designed and synthesized. DPBNA exhibits the highest hole mobility of 1.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors, significantly outperforming TPBNA and all the reported BN‐PAHs. Remarkably, this is the first BN‐PAH with mobility over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is a benchmark value for practical applications as compared with amorphous silicon. Furthermore, high‐performance phototransistors based on DPBNA are also demonstrated, implying the high potential of BN‐PAHs for optoelectronic applications when the "periphery engineering" strategy is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong interchain interactions of conjugated polymers usually result in poor miscibility with molecular dopants, limiting the doping efficiency because of uncontrolled phase separation. We have developed a strategy to achieve efficient charge‐transport and high doping miscibility in n‐doped conjugated polymers. We solve the miscibility issue through disorder side‐chains containing dopants better. Systemic structural characterization reveals a farther side‐chain branching point will lead to higher disorders, which provides appropriate sites to accommodate extrinsic molecular dopants without harming original chain packings and charge‐transport channels. Therefore, better sustainability of solid‐state microstructure is obtained, yielding a stable conductivity even when overloading massive dopants. This work highlights the importance of realizing high host‐dopant miscibility in molecular doping of conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]