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"How to perform contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)" provides general advice on the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for clinical decision-making and reviews technical parameters for optimal CEUS performance. CEUS techniques vary between centers, therefore, experts from EFSUMB, WFUMB and from the CEUS LI-RADS working group created a discussion forum to standardize the CEUS examination technique according to published evidence and best personal experience. The goal is to standardise the use and administration of UCAs to facilitate correct diagnoses and ultimately to improve the management and outcomes of patients.

In this series of papers on comments and illustrations of the World Federation for Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) guidelines on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) the topics of non-infectious and non-neoplastic focal liver lesions (FLL) are discussed. Improved detection and characterization of common FLL are the main topics of these guidelines but detailed and illustrating information is missing. The focus in this paper is on non-infectious and non-neoplastic FLL and their appearance on B-mode, Doppler ultrasound and CEUS features. Knowledge of these data should help to raise awareness of these rarer findings, to think of these clinical pictures in the corresponding clinical situation, to interpret the ultrasound images correctly and thus to initiate the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic steps in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The updated version of the EFSUMB guidelines on the application of non-hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) deals with the use of microbubble ultrasound contrast outside the liver in the many established and emerging applications., Competing Interests: Fabrizio Calliada: Congress participation support, Toshiba, Guerbet, Bayer, Hitachi, MindrayVito Cantisani: Congress participation support, Toshiba, Guerbet, Bayer, Hitachi, MindrayDirk Clevert: Speaker honoraria for Siemens, Philips, Samsung Falk, Bracco; Advisory Board Member Siemens, Philips, Samsung, Bracco; Research grants, Siemens, Philips, Samsung, BraccoDavid Cosgrove: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Toshiba, SuperSonic, BK Medical, Carestream; Advisory Board Member, Toshiba, Carestream; Research grant, Carestream; Congress participation support, Bracco, ToshibaAnnamarie Dagenello: Speaker honoraria, BraccoChristoph F Dietrich: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Hitachi, GE, Mindray, Supersonic, Pentax, Olympus, Fuji, Covidien, Boston Scientific, AbbVie, MSD, Falk Foundation, Novartis, Roche; Advisory Board Member, Hitachi and Mindray; Research grant, Bracco, Hitachi, GE, Siemens, Mindray, SuperSonic; Congress participation support, IPSENOdd Helge Gilja: Speaker honoraria, GE Healthcare Takeda AS and Meda ASChristian Jenssen: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Hitachi, Toshiba, Falk Foundation, Covidien; Research grant, NovartisNathalie Lassau: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Toshiba; Congress participation support, Bracco, ToshibaEdward Leen: Research equipment support, Philips Healthcare & SuperSonic ImagingMaria Franca Meloni: Speaker honoraria, BraccoChristian Pállson Nolsøe: Speaker honoraria and congress participation support, GE Healthcare and NeovitalisMirko D’Onofrio: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Siemens; Advisor Board Member, Bracco, Siemens, Congress participation support, BraccoFabio Piscaglia: Speaker honoraria Bracco, Bayer; Advisory Board Member, Bayer; Research support, EsaoteMaija Radzina: Speaker honoaria, Bayer, Covidien; Congress participation support, BayerAdrian Saftiou: Speaker honoraria, Pentax Medical Singapore Ltd; Consulting/Advisory board, Mediglobe Corporation Gmbh; Congress participation support, Hitachi Medical Systems UKPaul Sidhu: Speaker honoraria, Siemens, Bracco, Hitachi, Philips and GEHans-Peter Weskott: Speaker honoraria for Bracco, Samsung and GEThe following members declared no conflicts of interest: Eva Bartels, Michele Bertolotto, Francesca Drudi, Simon Freeman, Christopher Harvey, Ernst Michael Jung, Andrea Klauser, Carlos Nicolau, Francesco Prada, Luca Savelli, Hessel Wijkstra, (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

The updated version of the EFSUMB guidelines on the application of non-hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) deals with the use of microbubble ultrasound contrast outside the liver in the many established and emerging applications., Competing Interests: Fabrizio Calliada: Congress participation support, Toshiba, Guerbet, Bayer, Hitachi, MindrayVito Cantisani: Congress participation support, Toshiba, Guerbet, Bayer, Hitachi, MindrayDirk Clevert: Speaker honoraria for Siemens, Philips, Samsung Falk, Bracco; Advisory Board Member Siemens, Philips, Samsung, Bracco; Research grants, Siemens, Philips, Samsung, BraccoDavid Cosgrove: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Toshiba, SuperSonic, BK Medical, Carestream; Advisory Board Member, Toshiba, Carestream; Research grant, Carestream; Congress participation support, Bracco, ToshibaAnnamarie Dagenello: Speaker honoraria, BraccoChristoph F Dietrich: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Hitachi, GE, Mindray, Supersonic, Pentax, Olympus, Fuji, Covidien, Boston Scientific, AbbVie, MSD, Falk Foundation, Novartis, Roche; Advisory Board Member, Hitachi and Mindray; Research grant, Bracco, Hitachi, GE, Siemens, Mindray, SuperSonic; Congress participation support, IPSENOdd Helge Gilja: Speaker honoraria, GE Healthcare Takeda AS and Meda ASChristian Jenssen: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Hitachi, Toshiba, Falk Foundation, Covidien; Research grant, NovartisNathalie Lassau: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Toshiba; Congress participation support, Bracco, ToshibaEdward Leen: Research equipment support, Philips Healthcare & SuperSonic ImagingMaria Franca Meloni: Speaker honoraria, BraccoChristian Pállson Nolsøe: Speaker honoraria and congress participation support, GE Healthcare and NeovitalisMirko D’Onofrio: Speaker honoraria, Bracco, Siemens; Advisor Board Member, Bracco, Siemens, Congress participation support, BraccoFabio Piscaglia: Speaker honoraria Bracco, Bayer; Advisory Board Member, Bayer; Research support, EsaoteMaija Radzina: Speaker honoaria, Bayer, Covidien; Congress participation support, BayerAdrian Saftiou: Speaker honoraria, Pentax Medical Singapore Ltd; Consulting/Advisory board, Mediglobe Corporation Gmbh; Congress participation support, Hitachi Medical Systems UKPaul Sidhu: Speaker honoraria, Siemens, Bracco, Hitachi, Philips and GEHans-Peter Weskott: Speaker honoraria for Bracco, Samsung and GEThe following members declared no conflicts of interest: Eva Bartels, Michele Bertolotto, Francesca Drudi, Simon Freeman, Christopher Harvey, Ernst Michael Jung, Andrea Klauser, Carlos Nicolau, Francesco Prada, Luca Savelli, Hessel Wijkstra, (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Ultrasound examination of the kidneys with grey-scale imaging and colour Doppler ultrasound is the most common renal imaging modality. A few years ago, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) emerged as a non-invasive perfusion imaging modality to evaluate the renal vessels and microvascularisation. These contrast media contain intravenous microbubbles (sulfur hexafluoride), which have no deleterious effect on renal function. Being free of iodine, they also pose no risk for the thyroid gland. CEUS of the kidneys is mainly used for the evaluation of renal cysts and the analysis of renal lesions suspicious for malignancy. Also this method is used to visualise inflammation as well as renal perfusion after trauma or infarction., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.