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The implementation of lean construction is very important in the construction industry to reduce waste and increase productivity. To ensure its effective implementation, clear and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are necessary. Therefore, this research aimed to develop SMART-based KPIs (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound) for lean construction implementation, which measure indicators throughout the project life cycle. In this context, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data. Quantitative data were collected through surveys, assessing the perceptions of respondents concerning KPIs that had been developed. Meanwhile, qualitative data were collected through interviews and expert Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which included in-depth analysis and conclusions regarding lean construction KPIs. The results produced were KPIs that could be used to measure effectiveness in implementing lean construction, particularly for building projects in Indonesia. Consequently, this research provided new views concerning effective lean construction, which could be explored in more depth and implemented for stakeholders in the construction industry. This development could eventually improve project performance by reducing waste and increasing productivity in construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Securing clean drinking water in developing countries is imperative for human survival, yet persistent challenges exist in cost implementation and technical operations. This paper aims to assess disinfection methods, with a focus on the efficacy of chlorination and ozonation in neutralizing bacteria. By thoroughly examining both conventional and advanced disinfection techniques, the paper offers a comprehensive perspective on potential solutions. The analysis scrutinizes key parameters, particularly the efficiency in neutralizing bacteria, revealing chlorination and ozonation as standout methods. Furthermore, considerations of cost-effectiveness underscore the viability of diverse options, including solar disinfection, solar pasteurization, alternative pasteurization methods, chlorine dioxide, and filtration. In essence, this paper serves as an essential resource for those navigating the complexities of water quality and accessibility, particularly in regions where the need is most acute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of construction projects in Indonesia is significantly enhanced by partnering, leading to the adoption of the model by the government. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Finance, is developing the partnering model based on Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) projects to further accelerate extensive infrastructure development. By leveraging PPPs, these projects intend to bridge the funding gap experienced by the government to facilitate swift infrastructure development and enhance the value of construction projects even further. Therefore, this study aimed to examine PPPs, such as the solicited projects occurring in Indonesia. Solicited projects were government-initiated PPPs based on long-term development plans. A qualitative method was adopted, conducting in-depth analyses at three locations with solicited PPP projects. Using Soft System Methodology (SSM) and expert Focus Group Discussion (FGD) through the Delphi method, this study investigated the interactions and depth of partnering in PPP projects. The obtained results emphasized the positive impact of solicited projects on Indonesian infrastructure development, addressing the funding gap experienced by the government. This study further contributed new insights for stakeholders and academics in the development of the projects in Indonesia, emphasizing the necessity of extensive development to support the implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry is naturally complex and constantly changing, with various factors impacting project results. Among the different methods developed to navigate this complexity, partnering is believed to increase project value and performance. Therefore, this research aimed at analyzing and formulating elements as well as indicators at each phase of a partnership-based project life cycle, serving as tools and techniques for measuring the depth of partnering in construction projects. The methodology used included both qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method). In the qualitative method, the literature from relevant journals, books, and previous research was reviewed. This process was followed by an expert assessment through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to define elements and indicators for measuring the depth of partnering in construction projects. Meanwhile, the quantitative method comprised analyzing secondary project data to compare projects with in-depth partnering in order to deliver better value. The result of this research was the development of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure maturity partnering in partnership-based projects. Typically, the tools were adjusted to different phases of the project life cycle, starting from project initiation, comprising all stakeholders. Consequently, the outcome of this research could be used by organizations in the construction industry to develop partnering in partnership projects in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of increasing global challenges, such as water scarcity, population growth, and environmental degradation, sustainable management of water resources and wastewater treatment is a major concern. However, sometimes the potential impact of water system management on the environmental implications contained in the production process of water and waste treatment systems is omitted. This study sought to assess the environmental efficacy of an integrated water supply and wastewater system in the Semarang City. The secondary objectives of the study were to ascertain the extent to which each stage of the system contributed to the impact categories that were analyzed. Life cycle assessment is a method to evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with water resource and wastewater management, using 1 m3 as functional unit. The stages of water use are not examined in this study. Another restriction is the absence of information about the city's untreated wastewater quantities' final destination. Water treatment plant include water withdrawal and water distribution are most impacted under the climate change environmental impact category and other impact that assess until 99%. In seven of the eight impact categories examined, power consumption is the most impactful input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procurement is the process of obtaining goods and services in a construction project and is a crucial point for the success of a design and build (DB) project. The success of a DB project has an effect on work performance metrics such as cost, quality, and time. Therefore, this research aims to develop a readiness model for implementing sustainable procurement in a DB project with a financing system in the state/regional budget (APBN/APBD). By using previous literature reviews, this research adopted a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Specifically, the qualitative method was conducted using in-depth interviews, and conclusions were drawn using the Delphi method and focus group discussion (FGD). Meanwhile, the quantitative method was used to analyze secondary data from the current DB project in order to examine sustainable procurement. The projects examined were spread across the country and had a value of at least 100 billion. Consequently, the results showed that various factors influenced sustainable procurement in the DB management project. In addition, this research impacted better procurement management in the DB project based on APBN/APBD funding, thereby increasing project productivity and innovation, as well as other beneficial values to stakeholders. Typically, the result could be used as a readiness model for implementing sustainable procurement in a DB project with APBN/APBD funding schemes, serving as a guide for construction management in the future and being useful for decision making on government projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state budget allocated for Indonesian government projects has exceeded 10% for infrastructure development. This large budget indicates a need for the construction industry to implement more professional management practices for better cost, time, quality, safety, and environmental impact. Lean construction is used to increase productivity and reduce waste in a project. Therefore, this study aimed to extend lean construction principles to the planning and execution phases of DB projects, where these two entities are integrated into the main contractor. Quantitative and qualitative study methods were used to analyze secondary data from six DB project sites and conduct focus group discussions (FGDs) with expert panels using the Delphi method for consensus. The results showed the factors and variables that influence the implementation of lean construction in government projects in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean water quality is a problem, especially for developing countries in Asia. Their efforts to maximize various sectors to become a developed country, for example in industrial activities, result in negative environmental impacts, especially for water quality. The wastewater that is directly discharged into river bodies without any treatment causes river water quality to become increasingly worse. The water quality index (WQI) is one of the tools used to assess river water quality. There have been many studies that examined the river water quality in Asia, but there are still few studies that discuss the river water quality as a whole in Asia, especially for developing countries where industrial activities are massive. This study discussed the trends in river water quality in developing countries in Asia. The results obtained showed that most river water quality in Asia falls into the medium to poor category, even poor in some situations, especially in the areas with dense populations and in the areas around rivers which are full of domestic and industrial activities. For this reason, there is a need for a more advanced WQI assessment which is carried out using scientific analysis using fuzzy logic so that the WQI value can be more accurate and QGIS can provide broader information. There needs to be cooperation and good relations between the community, stakeholders and the government in an effort to overcome river pollution which will become even worse by providing stricter regulations, establishing proper water treatment so that industrial or domestic waste water does not directly enter water bodies, and create appropriate policies. Therefore, it is important to be able to develop a river water quality assessment system, such as WQI to be more accurate so that these actions can be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of information technology continues to evolve to respond the increasing demand and challenges in the construction industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) emerges in recent years as the fresh solution to make the project lifecycle more efficient by encouraging collaborative working of all stakeholders involved in the construction project, i.e. owners, consultants, and contractors. This study aims to investigate BIM adoption and implementation in Indonesia construction industry and explore challenges and opportunities related to the implementation of BIM. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research method has been adopted for this exploratory research. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires survey with snowball sampling from twenty entities, consisting of 12 contractors, 4 consultants, and 4 owners. The results show that 60% of respondents have already acknowledged and implemented BIM. The examples of BIM software used by the respondents include Revit, Tekla, and SmartPlan®. Benefits of BIM implementation as perceived by most respondents, e.g. design collision detection, clear project simulation, reduced reworks, and efficient use of resources. The adoption of BIM, however, still faces challenges, such as the absence of requirement and demand, and high investment cost. This research provides an initial understanding of current BIM adoption in Indonesia, which can be used as the basis to develop a national strategic framework for BIM adoption in Indonesia construction industry.

Project is a set of interrelated activities and requires skills from different professions, and also project is involved the various of stakeholders in each phase of the Project Life Cycle. Implementation of Green Supply Chain in construction projects meant to bring the concept of eco-friendly in every process from the initiation phase, planning phase, the construction phase, and the operation and maintenance phase. It is necessary to identify indicators of green initiation and green design and how to explain the relationship between the role of initiation by the owner and the design process by a design consultant. This study aims to identify the indicators of green initiation and green design concept as part of Green Supply Chain. The method used for this study is a descriptive research that identifies and develop a framework for implementing green initiation and green design in construction industry that consists of concept, dimensions, elements, and indicators. GSCM in construction projects was determined by 9 indicators in the green initiation phase and 40 indicators in the green design phase. The success of green concept in construction project is very determined from these two phases as the beginning of the process, and the most important parties are the owners and design consultants.

Flexible pavement is a road pavement type which is commonly used, however rigid pavement is also widely used now days in Indonesia. It has even been used for local roads (managed by local authority), which take in heavy vehicle loads. This rigid pavement is used because it has longer service life and higher durability. The need for a durable road resulted in higher construction costs, whereas the budget for local road design and construction is often limited. This study aims to evaluate the agency costs that must be incurred for flexible and rigid pavement construction. Two alternatives of design life are simulated for each type of pavement, namely design lives of 10+10 year and 20 year for flexible pavement and design lives of 20+20 year and 40 year for rigid pavement. The agency costs of those alternatives are analysed using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) program-RealCost 2.5. The results show agency costs for alternative flexible pavement 1 (design life of 10y + 10y) and alternative 2 (design life of 20 y) are $ 1,421,930 and $ 1,061,680 respectively. Furthermore for the rigid pavement, the agency cost for alternative 1 (design life 20y + 20 y) and alternative 2 (design life 40 y) is $. 443,990 and $. 350,870 respectively.

Many projects in Indonesia have implemented new strategies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Many projects suffered unexpected losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and conditions were unpredictable. This situation must be considered by all stakeholders participating in a project. Another problem in the implementation of construction is the fragmentation between project participants. Therefore, a strategy is needed in each phase of the project life cycle. In the absence of proper planning, the contractor is the party responsible for bearing the risk associated with this occurrence. Improved project performance is a shared responsibility among owners, contractors, designers, and subcontractors, all of whom need to tap into their own sources of creativity and innovation. The potential of partnering as a tool for achieving lean construction performance, it is still in its infancy as a means of enhancing project outcomes. In this study, we used qualitative methods and in-depth interviews enhanced by focus group discussions of 14 experts (owners, designers, contractors, and academics) using the Delphi method. The results illustrate the maturity of partnering in integrated project delivery (IPD); therefore, its guiding philosophy can be developed and implemented to improve the outcomes of construction projects in terms of cost, quality, schedule, health and safety, and environmental performance. The most important part of this research is related to the implementation of the 17th goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., partnerships to achieve the goals. This research contributes to a deepening of partnering practices that can drive performance in project implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project delivery system has a large effect in determining the quality of a project. Strategic plans determined by the owner in the project initiation phase must ensure that project performance indicators in the form of cost and quality as well as time are accomplished. A concept of partnering that is well-managed and planned from the initiation phase will determine the quality of the construction project. Increasing the maturity of partnering is needed in order to achieve better project performance indicators. The concept of partnering in integrated and non-integrated projects has a different pattern. This study intends to discuss the concept of partnering and then recommend several key strategies according to the project life cycle. Research this study is quantitative, analyzing secondary data in the form of weekly meetings and project reports with the comparative method and cause-and-effect analysis. The results show that in the phase above 51% of ongoing projects, there is a significant difference in the pattern of partnering between integrated and non-integrated projects. In order to improve deeper partnering, this research reveals several prerequisites that must be met in order to carry out effective partnering in non-integrated projects. This research may benefit owners, contractors, and stakeholders who want to develop their understanding and knowledge of the concepts of partnering and the maturity of partnering, which will be new strategies for developing and improving project delivery systems. This study focuses on a topic from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically partnership for the goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction waste is being produced by the infrastructure project. Thus, waste minimization is an important area to implementation of the construction waste management in Indonesia. This paper aims to build model of construction waste management and to determine the significantly of factors that can improved construction waste management for Indonesian infrastructure projects. This study identified 20 factors to improve the construction waste management that grouped into 5 groups, they are policy, asset, technology, human resources and knowledge. Methods of research carried out by site observation and discussion with contractors using questionnaire instrument and focusing to contractors engaged in various type infrastructure projects in Indonesia with amount of 383 respondents. The 5 groups of factors were developed into AMOS-SEM model to determine significant level in contributing to construction waste management. Data was analyzed uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques with the aid of Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) statistical package to overcome these factors, where a family of statistical models that seek to explain the relationships of covariant among multiple variables were formulated by combining a measurement model with structural model into a statistical test. The model will be recommandation to improve construction waste management for Indonesian infrastructure projects future.

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the barriers for implementing Reverse Logistics in the construction sector and to rank the barriers between the barrier and the stakeholder, the phase in the project life cycle, and the relevant issues on the emergence of barriers in implementing reverse logistics Design/methodology/approach: This research began by identifying barriers re-verse logistics through a systematic literature review. The method used in the systematic literature review was the PRISMA method. The identification of barriers was assessed for their influence on reverse logistics' successful implementation by the expert using a questionnaire instrument. The rating scale used was a Likert scale of 1 (greatly hinder the implementation of reverse logistics) to 5 (not greatly hinder the implementation of reverse logistics). The results of the expert assessment were used to rank barriers using TOPSIS. Findings: There were 38 barriers in this study, classified as: markets and competitor's issues, policy issue, supply chain process, economic issue, knowledge-related issue, government support issue, and operational issue. This study's results indicated that the lack of governmental support for the implementation of RL (GS1) was the barrier with the highest ranking. This barrier was related to governmental support issues and appeared in the project life cycle approach's green initiation phase. The stakeholder who was responsible to improve the GS1 barrier is the government. In this case, the government played a vital role as a regulator and a project owner, who encouraged reverse logistics implementation. Research limitations/implications: The limitation in the scope of this research is specific to the construction sector in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. The object of construction in this study is the case of highway construction. Further research that examines barriers based on the project life cycle by entering the company scale, or study about the relationship between barriers can also be done. Practical implications: This study provides an understanding to stakeholders about the barriers in implementing reverse logistics. The ranking results become a reference for relevant stakeholders in developing a successful strategy for implementing reverse logistics and the PLC approach phases as a guideline for implementing the established strategy. Social implications: The stakeholder of the construction project has to learn with reverse logistics barriers in order to improve reverse logistics performance. Originality/value: This study tries to map reverse logistics implementation barriers in the construction sector in developing countries. The majority of research on reverse logistics implementation barriers examined the manufacturing sector in developed countries. This study also identifies barriers that show the relationship between barrier emergence in terms of the project life cycle approach and stakeholders responsibility for addressing barriers and associated problems. Previous researchers only identified barriers in terms of stakeholder linkages with related issues, so it was challenging to improve efforts based on identifying barriers because they were not guided by a process-based approach such as the project life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to elaborate on the concepts, dimensions and elements of green supply chain management (GSCM) and develop a framework of GSCM implementation for the construction industry. Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents the findings from a study where experts were asked to contribute their opinions related to GSCM in the construction industry. To develop the model, the Delphi method was used. The objective of this method is to achieve the most reliable consensus in a group of experts. Findings: The research result is a developed framework for GSCM in the construction industry comprising five concepts, 22 dimensions, and 82 elements. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this research is that its output was the discovered elements, but it did not cover the implementation of this model in construction projects, so some elements may be missing. Practical implications: The output of the research could give new perspective to manage the construction project based on Green Supply Chain Method. Social implications: The stakeholder of the construction project has to learn with this concept (Green Supply Chain) in order to improve construction's project performance. Originality/value: The originality of this research is that it is a new theme in the area of the construction supply chain. Previous research merely considered the concept of GSCM in construction. Therefore, this research develops an assessment model for performance indicators of GSCM implementation in construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the performance evaluation of reverse logistics (RL) practices in the construction sector is crucial, it is seemingly limited compared to that in the manufacturing sector. As the project life cycle in the construction sector is typically long, effective coordination among the stakeholders is needed to integrate RL into each phase of the project life cycle. This paper proposes a new model of RL for the construction industry, incorporating the dimensions, elements, and, most importantly, indicators needed for the evaluation of RL performance. The model was initially derived from the extant literature. It was then refined through (1) focus group discussion, by which suggestions pertinent to the proposed model were collated from academics and practitioners, and (2) judgments by academics and practitioners to validate the model. The validated model includes 21 indicators to measure RL performance, spanned throughout the green initiation, green design, green material management, green construction, and green operation and maintenance phases. The paper offers a new method for how RL can be adopted in the construction industry by proposing an innovative model that will benefit stakeholders in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]