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AIM: To investigate the role of histidine-rich glycoprotein(HRG)in the neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy in rats.METHODS: Streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were utilized as an experimental model, the protein expression of HRG and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the retinas of normal(Wild type, WT)and diabetic(diabetic mellitus, DM)groups was detected using Western blot(WB). The protein expression of HRG in high-glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs)was verified by WB after transfection with HRG small interfering RNA(siRNA)low-expression sequences. The optimal si-HRG#298 sequence was selected for further experiments. In the animal experiment, HRG gene silencing was achieved using an adeno-associated virus(AAV)vector, with AAV2-sh-NC and AAV2-sh-HRG#298 serving as the HRG gene silencing group and the HRG empty vector control group, respectively. The protein expression of HRG and VEGF in each group was then detected by WB following the verification of HRG protein expression. Retinal structural changes were observed by HE staining, and neovascularization changes were observed by PAS staining.RESULTS: HE staining found that the retinal structure in the DM group was disordered, the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer decreased, the number of cells in the inner and outer nuclear layers decreased, and the total retinal thickness also decreased(P

Uncertainty and volatility of wind power generation, bring some serious challenges for the grid-connected wind power system. Prediction of wind power in advance is an important way to solve the above problems. Due to the existence of uncontrollable factors such as sensor transmission and network communication, the data collected for wind power prediction have abnormal values and missing values. Therefore, corresponding outlier detection and missing value interpolation operations should be performed before wind power prediction. To further promote the development of wind power data cleaning and prediction technology, current existing models and methods are analyzed and summarized, and the existing technologies are divided and compared. Starting from time series data, this paper first classifies, analyzes and summarizes the research status of outlier detection methods in the field of wind power prediction, summarizes the deficiencies and defects of existing anomaly detection methods, and prospects the research directions that may become the focus in the future development. Secondly, the evaluation indices of the existing missing value treatment methods are described. According to the different treatment methods, the processing techniques are analyzed and summarized according to the conventional treatment methods, discriminative interpolation methods, generative interpolation methods and physical characteristics methods, and the existing problems in the existing research are analyzed. Finally, the current research status of forecasting methods, multi-level forecasting and adaptive forecasting systems in existing research are analyzed and summarized, and the existing challenges and future development directions of existing forecasting are summarized and prospected.

In this paper, CFD numerical simulation and experiment were used to simulate the diffusion process of human exhaled aerosol particles, and the influence of human lying down, sitting and standing posture on the diffusion of aerosol particles under local exhaust air conditions was studied. The results show that different body positions have significant effects on local exhaust air effect. Only 13.2% of the aerosol particles could be removed by local exhaust air in the lying state. The exclusion rate in sitting posture was 25.4%; The exclusion rate for standing posture was 20.6%. Local exhaust air alone is not enough to prevent infection. It is recommended to adopt the combination of mixed ventilation and local exhaust air, which may have a better effect on preventing cross infection, indoor particulate matter transmission and controlling pollution.

Extreme light confinement observed in periodic photonic structures, such as the vortex singularities in momentum (k) space, has been associated with their topological nature. Consequently, by exploiting and tuning their topological properties, optical metasurfaces have been demonstrated as an attractive platform for active photonics. However, given the fact that most active media under external excitations can only provide limited refractive index change, the potential advancements offered by the topological character of active metasurfaces have remained mostly unexplored. Zinc oxide (ZnO), which has recently exhibited optically-induced extraordinarily large permittivity modulations at visible and near-infrared frequencies, is an excellent active material for dynamic metasurfaces exhibiting strong tuning. This work demonstrates that a hybrid metasurface consisting of an array of ZnO nanodisks on a silver backplane displays broadly tunable topological properties. In particular, by performing k-space scattering simulations using measured pump-fluence-dependent material properties of ZnO, we study in detail the light reflection from the hybrid metasurface. Our results validate that the large k-space topology tuning of the metasurface can result in enormously strong polarization manipulation of near-infrared light in the vicinity of the topological features. The observed polarization switching effect is highly sensitive to the polarization and wavelength of an incident wave, owing to the symmetry and dispersion characteristics of the proposed system. Our study indicates that leveraging a combination of the extraordinary material properties and the k-space topology, hybrid metasurfaces based on ZnO may open new avenues for creating all-optical switchable metadevices.

A numerical analysis of a compact microring resonator that was defined on a yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) thin film bonded on top of a SiO2 cladding layer and operated at the wavelengths of approximately 1.064 and 1.6 μm was performed. The single-mode conditions of YAG waveguides at different waveguide geometries and their propagation losses at different SiO2 cladding layer thicknesses were systematically analyzed. The key design parameters of the microring resonator, such as gap size and ring radius, were simulated based on the 2.5-dimensional variational finite-difference time-domain method. This study could be helpful in understanding the mechanism of microring resonators defined on YAG thin films and fabricating integrated microlaser sources on YAG-on-insulators.

Optical metasurfaces, planar subwavelength nanoantenna arrays with the singular ability to sculpt wavefront in almost arbitrary manners, are poised to become a powerful tool enabling compact and high-performance optics with novel functionalities. A particularly intriguing research direction within this field is active metasurfaces, whose optical response can be dynamically tuned postfabrication, thus allowing a plurality of applications unattainable with traditional bulk optics. Designing reconfigurable optics based on active metasurfaces is, however, presented with a unique challenge, since the optical quality of the devices must be optimized at multiple optical states. In this article, we provide a critical review on the active meta-optics design principles and algorithms that are applied across structural hierarchies ranging from single meta-atoms to full meta-optical devices. The discussed approaches are illustrated by specific examples of reconfigurable metasurfaces based on optical phase-change materials.

With the development of drones, three-dimensional reconstruction of UAV sequence images is receiving more and more attention. In order to make the captured sequence image completely reconstruct the 3D model of the mission area and the flight power consumption of the multi-rotor UAV is smaller, a multi-rotor UAV coverage path planning algorithm for image 3D reconstruction is proposed. For the convex polygon region, in order to meet the requirements of image overlap and time continuity, a multi-rotor UAV scanning route planning method based on the grating method is proposed and combined with the optimal scanning direction to minimize the number of turns. With the help of Gazebo simulation platform, it is verified that the power consumption of the multi-rotor UAV is smaller when the flight is obtained according to the algorithm of this paper, and the captured sequence image satisfies the requirements of the reconstruction task area three-dimensional model.