Search

Abstract The normal operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, which involves periodic water storage and discharge, has led to strong disturbances in environmental conditions that alter soil microbial habitats in the riparian zones. Riparian zones are an important part of controlling pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, since they act as a final ecological barrier that intercepts pollutants. Meanwhile, monitoring the health of microbial communities in the riparian zone is crucial for maintaining the ecological security of the reservoir area. We specifically investigate the Daning River, which are tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir and have typical riparian zones. Soil samples from these areas were subjected to high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 18S rRNA genes, in order to obtain the characteristics of the present microbial communities under strong disturbances in the riparian zones. We studied the characteristics and distribution patterns of microbial communities and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties. The study results indicate that microbial communities exhibit high diversity and evenness, and spatial heterogeneity is present. The ASV dataset contains many sequences not assigned to known genera, suggesting the presence of new fungal genera in the riparian zone. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that pH and $${NH}_{4}^{+}$$ NH 4 + -N were the primary environmental factors driving bacterial community variation in the riparian zone, while pH, total carbon (TC) content, and $${NO}_{3}^{-}$$ NO 3 - -N were identified as the main drivers of soil archaeal community variation.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes an important contributor to fatalities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently presents with complications such as respiratory distress, systemic inflammatory responses, and damage to various organs. Several studies have investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and mortality in patients with liver cancer, but there are few research on the relationship between them. This study is to explore the correlation between the two diseases and drugs treating them. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database provides gene datasets of COVID-19 patients and HCC patients. Through differential gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we determined 223 genes represented in HCC and COVID-19. We then used functional annotation, protein–protein interaction network construction, predictive model development and verification, prognostic value analysis, and miRNA–gene network construction. Besides, we created a drug–hub–gene network by predicting possible medications that interact with hub genes using the Drug–Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). Ultimately, we applied immunohistochemistry to ascertain the hub genes expression. Results This study revealed that eight core genes (RRM2, TPX2, DTL, CDT1, TYMS, CDCA5, CDC25C, and HJURP) co-existed in both HCC and COVID-19 and were differentially expressed in both HCC and normal tissues.CDC25C, RRM2, CDCA5, and HJURP had diagnostic value (AUC > 0.8) and prognostic value (adjusted P-value

This study investigated the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two distinct water bodies, through the utilization of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with self-organizing map (SOM) methodology. Specifically, this analysis concentrated on neurons 3, 14, and 17 within the SOM model, identifying notable differences in the DOM compositions of a coal subsidence water body (TX) and the MaChang Reservoir (MC). The humic substance content of DOM TX exceeded that of MC. The origin of DOM in TX was primarily linked to agricultural inputs and rainfall runoff, whereas the DOM in MC was associated with human activities, displaying distinctive autochthonous features and heightened biological activity. Principal component analysis revealed that humic substances dominated the DOM in TX, while the natural DOM in MC was primarily autochthonous. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model (MLR) determined that external pollution was responsible for 99.11% of variation in the humification index (HIX) of water bodies. HIGHLIGHTS Study of the variation in DOM spectral characteristics of different waterbodies.; Neural networks were applied to spectral resolution.; Source analysis was performed to identify the origin of water pollution.;

Purpose This study examined the diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) features in differentiating between benign and malignant skin lesions. Methods A total of 1,392 patients with 1,422 skin lesions who underwent HFUS examinations were included in an initial dataset (cohort 1) to identify features indicative of malignancy. Qualitative clinical and HFUS characteristics were recorded for all lesions. To determine which HFUS and clinical features were suggestive of malignancy, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. The diagnostic performance of HFUS features combined with clinical information was evaluated. This assessment was validated using internal data (cohort 2) and multicenter external data (cohort 3). Results Features significantly associated with malignancy included age above 60 years; lesion location in the head, face, and neck or genital regions; changes in macroscopic appearance; crawling or irregular growth pattern; convex or irregular base; punctate hyperechogenicity; blood flow signals; and feeding arteries. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of HFUS features combined with clinical information were 0.946, 92.5%, and 86.9% in cohort 1; 0.870, 93.1%, and 80.8% in cohort 2 (610 lesions); and 0.864, 86.2%, and 86.6% in cohort 3 (170 lesions), respectively. However, HFUS is not suitable for evaluating lesions less than 0.1 mm in thickness or lesions exhibiting surface hyperkeratosis. Conclusion In a clinical setting, the integration of HFUS with clinical information exhibited good diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant and benign skin lesions. However, its utility was limited in evaluating extremely thin lesions and those exhibiting hyperkeratosis.

Abstract Background This study aimed to develop a novel six-gene expression biomarker panel to enhance the early detection and risk stratification of peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Methods We used genome-wide transcriptome profiling and rigorous bioinformatics to identify a six-gene expression biomarker panel. This panel was validated across multiple clinical cohorts using both tissue and liquid biopsy samples to predict peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in patients with LAGC. Results Through genome-wide expression profiling, we identified six mRNAs and developed a risk prediction model using 196 samples from a surgical specimen training cohort. This model, incorporating a 6-mRNA panel with clinical features, demonstrated high predictive accuracy for peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients, with an AUC of 0.966 (95% CI: 0.944–0.988). Transitioning from invasive surgical or endoscopic biopsy to noninvasive liquid biopsy, the model retained its predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.963; 95% CI: 0.926–1.000). Additionally, the 6-mRNA panel effectively differentiated patients with or without peritoneal metastasis in 95 peripheral blood specimens (AUC = 0.970; 95% CI: 0.936–1.000) and identified peritoneal micrometastases with a high efficiency (AUC = 0.941; 95% CI: 0.874–1.000). Conclusions Our study provides a novel gene expression biomarker panel that significantly enhances early detection of peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in patients with LAGC. The RSA model's predictive capability offers a promising tool for tailored treatment strategies, underscoring the importance of integrating molecular biomarkers with clinical parameters in precision oncology.

Abstract Background In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a surge in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) transmission, surpassing pre-epidemic levels. We aim to elucidate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HMPV infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, participants diagnosed with laboratory confirmed HMPV infection through Targeted Next Generation Sequencing were included. The study encompassed individuals admitted to Henan Children's Hospital between April 29 and June 5, 2023. Demographic information, clinical records, and laboratory indicators were analyzed. Results Between April 29 and June 5, 2023, 96 pediatric patients were identified as infected with HMPV with a median age of 33.5 months (interquartile range, 12 ~ 48 months). The majority (87.5%) of infected children were under 5 years old. Notably, severe cases were statistically younger. Predominant symptoms included fever (81.3%) and cough (92.7%), with wheezing more prevalent in the severe group (56% vs 21.1%). Coinfection with other viruses was observed in 43 patients, with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (15.6%) or human rhinovirus A (HRV type A) (12.5%) being the most common. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection rate was significantly higher in the severe group (20% vs 1.4%). Bacterial coinfection occurred in 74 patients, with Haemophilus influenzae (Hin) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SNP) being the most prevalent (52.1% and 41.7%, respectively). Severe patients demonstrated evidence of multi-organ damage. Noteworthy alterations included lower concentration of IL-12p70, decreased lymphocytes percentages, and elevated B lymphocyte percentages in severe cases, with statistical significance. Moreover, most laboratory indicators exhibited significant changes approximately 4 to 5 days after onset. Conclusions Our data systemically elucidated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients with HMPV infection, which might be instructive to policy development for the prevention and control of HMPV infection and might provide important clues for future HMPV research endeavors.

Abstract We aimed to analyze the risk factors and construct a new nomogram to predict non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis for cT1-2 breast cancer patients with positivity after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). A total of 830 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2021 at multi-center were included in the retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into training (n = 410), internal validation (n = 298), and external validation cohorts (n = 122) based on periods and centers. A nomogram-based prediction model for the risk of NSLN metastasis was constructed by incorporating independent predictors of NSLN metastasis identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses in the training cohort and then validated by validation cohorts. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) (P

Abstract Background DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification. However, its contribution to trait changes and diversity in the domestication of perennial fruit trees remains unknown. Results Here, we investigate the variation in DNA methylation during pear domestication and improvement using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in 41 pear accessions. Contrary to the significant decrease during rice domestication, we detect a global increase in DNA methylation during pear domestication and improvement. We find this specific increase in pear is significantly correlated with the downregulation of Demeter-like1 (DML1, encoding DNA demethylase) due to human selection. We identify a total of 5591 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Methylation in the CG and CHG contexts undergoes co-evolution during pear domestication and improvement. DMRs have higher genetic diversity than selection sweep regions, especially in the introns. Approximately 97% of DMRs are not associated with any SNPs, and these DMRs are associated with starch and sucrose metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We also perform correlation analysis between DNA methylation and gene expression. We find genes close to the hypermethylated DMRs that are significantly associated with fruit ripening. We further verify the function of a hyper-DMR-associated gene, CAMTA2, and demonstrate that overexpression of CAMTA2 in tomato and pear callus inhibits fruit ripening. Conclusions Our study describes a specific pattern of DNA methylation in the domestication and improvement of a perennial pear tree and suggests that increased DNA methylation plays an essential role in the early ripening of pear fruits.

BackgroundHeterologous booster vaccines are more effective than homologous booster vaccines in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. However, our understanding of homologous and heterologous booster vaccines for COVID-19 remains limited.MethodsWe recruited 34 healthy participants from two cohorts who were primed with two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine before, vaccinated with COVID-19 inactivated vaccine and adenovirus-vectored vaccine (intramuscular and aerosol inhalation of Ad5-nCoV) as a third booster dose. We assessed the immune responses of participants before and 14 days after vaccination, including levels of neutralizing antibodies, IgG, and cytokines, and quantified the transcriptional profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsThe Ad5-nCoV group showed a significantly higher neutralizing antibody geometric mean titer (GMT) compared to the ICV group after 14 days of heterologous boosting. The intramuscular Ad5-nCoV group had a GMT of 191.8 (95% CI 129.0, 285.1) compared to 38.1 (95% CI 23.1, 62.8) in the ICV1 group (p

The management of indoor humidity through equipment consumes massive energy, leading to the growing interest in passive regulation of indoor humidity via moisture buffering. Numerous factors may impact the performance of interior finishing material during moisture regulation, thus identifying the dominant parameters is critical for moisture buffering effect optimization. This study analyzes the influence of five moisture and surface parameters, which are directly related to the moisture transfer of the interior finishing layer, on the thermal loads in a typical office building under typical climates in China. The analysis employs scatter plots and sensitivity indices based on Sobol's method. The results show that the material thickness plays a decisive role under different climates. The importance of sorption isotherm varies with climates and load types. The vapor diffusion resistance factor of the material only affects the latent heat loads, while the effect of the surface vapor transfer resistance is negligible. Finally, this study puts forward suggestions for interior finishing material selection to achieve low-load performance based on the characteristics of parameter combinations.

Hyperaccumulators are the material basis and key to the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Conventional methods for screening hyperaccumulators are highly dependent on the time- and labor-consuming sampling and chemical analysis. In this study, a novel spectral approach assisted with multi-task deep learning was proposed to streamline accumulating ecotype screening, heavy metal stress discrimination, and heavy metals quantification in plants. The significant Cd/Zn co-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and its non-accumulating ecotype were stressed by Cd, Zn, and Pb. Spectral images of leaves were rapidly acquired by hyperspectral imaging. The self-designed deep learning architecture was composed of a shallow network (ENet) for accumulating ecotype identification, and a multi-task network (HMNet) for heavy metal stress type and accumulation prediction simultaneously. To further assess the robustness of the networks, they were compared with conventional machine learning models (i.e., partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM)) on a series of evaluation metrics of classification, multi-label classification, and regression. S. alfredii with heavy metals accumulation capability was identified by ENet with 100 % accuracy. HMNet reduced overfitting and outperformed machine learning models with the average exact match ratio (EMR) of heavy metal stress discrimination increased by 7.46 %, and residual prediction deviations (RPD) of heavy metal concentrations prediction increased by 53.59 %. The method succeeded in rapidly and accurately discriminating heavy metal stress with EMRs over 91 % and accuracies over 96 %, and in predicting heavy metals accumulation with an average RPD of 3.29 for Zn, 2.57 for Cd, and 2.53 for Pb, indicating the satisfactory practicability and potential for sensing heavy metals accumulation. This study provides a relatively novel spectral method to facilitate hyperaccumulator screening and heavy metals accumulation prediction in the phytoremediation process.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is in high prevalence worldwide but with no therapeutic strategies. Programmed cell death in tubular epithelial cells has been reported to accelerate a variety of AKI, but the major pathways and underlying mechanisms are not defined. Herein, we identified that pyroptosis was responsible for AKI progression and related to ATP depletion in renal tubular cells. We found that FAM3A, a mitochondrial protein that assists ATP synthesis, was decreased and negatively correlated with tubular cell injury and pyroptosis in both mice and patients with AKI. Knockout of FAM3A worsened kidney function decline, increased macrophage and neutrophil cell infiltration, and facilitated tubular cell pyroptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Conversely, FAM3A overexpression alleviated tubular cell pyroptosis, and inhibited kidney injury in ischemic AKI. Mechanistically, FAM3A promoted PI3K/AKT/NRF2 signaling, thus blocking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS) accumulation. NLRP3 inflammasome sensed the overload of mt-ROS and then activated Caspase-1, which cleaved GSDMD, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 into their mature forms to mediate pyroptosis. Of interest, NRF2 activator alleviated the pro-pyroptotic effects of FAM3A depletion, whereas the deletion of NRF2 blocked the anti-pyroptotic function of FAM3A. Thus, our study provides new mechanisms for AKI progression and demonstrates that FAM3A is a potential therapeutic target for treating AKI.

Abstract BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a global public health concern, notably within the Asia-Pacific region. Recently, the primary pathogen causing HFMD outbreaks across numerous countries, including China, is coxsackievirus (CV) A6, one of the most prevalent enteroviruses in the world. It is a new variant that has undergone genetic recombination and evolution, which might not only induce modifications in the clinical manifestations of HFMD but also heighten its pathogenicity because of nucleotide mutation accumulation. ObjectiveThe study assessed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in China and characterized the molecular epidemiology of the major pathogen (CV-A6) causing HFMD. We attempted to establish the association between disease progression and viral genetic evolution through a molecular epidemiological study. MethodsSurveillance data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2021 to 2023 were used to analyze the epidemiological seasons and peaks of HFMD in Henan, China, and capture the results of HFMD pathogen typing. We analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of all full-length CV-A6 sequences in the NCBI database and the isolated sequences in Henan. To characterize the molecular evolution of CV-A6, time-scaled tree and historical population dynamics regarding CV-A6 sequences were estimated. Additionally, we analyzed the isolated strains for mutated or missing amino acid sites compared to the prototype CV-A6 strain. ResultsThe 2021-2023 epidemic seasons for HFMD in Henan usually lasted from June to August, with peaks around June and July. The monthly case reporting rate during the peak period ranged from 20.7% (4854/23,440) to 35% (12,135/34,706) of the total annual number of cases. Analysis of the pathogen composition of 2850 laboratory-confirmed cases identified 8 enterovirus serotypes, among which CV-A6 accounted for the highest proportion (652/2850, 22.88%). CV-A6 emerged as the major pathogen for HFMD in 2022 (203/732, 27.73%) and 2023 (262/708, 37.01%). We analyzed all CV-A6 full-length sequences in the NCBI database and the evolutionary features of viruses isolated in Henan. In China, the D3 subtype gradually appeared from 2011, and by 2019, all CV-A6 virus strains belonged to the D3 subtype. The VP1 sequences analyzed in Henan showed that its subtypes were consistent with the national subtypes. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular evolutionary features of CV-A6 using Bayesian phylogeny and found that the most recent common ancestor of CV-A6 D3 dates back to 2006 in China, earlier than the 2011 HFMD outbreak. Moreover, the strains isolated in 2023 had mutations at several amino acid sites compared to the original strain. ConclusionsThe CV-A6 virus may have been introduced and circulating covertly within China prior to the large-scale HFMD outbreak. Our laboratory testing data confirmed the fluctuation and periodic patterns of CV-A6 prevalence. Our study provides valuable insights into understanding the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A6.

BackgroundDouzhi, a traditional Chinese fermented beverage, features microbial communities primarily composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). As fermented foods continue to gain recognition and popularity, douzhi is attracting growing interest. However, investigation of the critical aspects of douzhi’s fermentation processes, including fermentation characteristics and microbial community dynamics, remains vital for enhancing food safety and quality for douzhi, as well as for similar fermented food products.MethodIn this study, we collected douzhi microbial communities from four chain stores, using them as fermentation starter cultures. The microbial dynamics of the fermentation were analyzed, focusing on the inoculation of LAB strains and the transition from a mung bean-based matrix to skimmed milk. The metabolomic profiles of the fermented mung bean matrices were also studied.ResultsDouzhi samples obtained from representative chain stores were found to be overwhelmingly dominated by LAB. When inoculated along with the douzhi community, both LAB strains exhibited notable and substantial reductions in the pH value of the designated mung bean matrices compared to those inoculated indigenous microbiota. Specifically, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.1856 retained its population, whereas Pediococcus pentosaceus CGMCC 1.2695 exhibited a decrease in relative abundance. Using skimmed milk as a fermentation substrate instead of the mung bean matrix resulted in significant shifts in microbial communities, particularly leading to an increase in Escherichia sp. The metagenomic analyses and functional predictions illustrated that various metabolic functions were enhanced during the fermentation process due to LAB inoculation. The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry based metabolomic analysis revealed that the inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus in mung bean matrix did not introduce new metabolites but significantly altered the concentration and profile of existing metabolites, especially increased low molecular carbohydrates, which may enhance the nutritional potential of the fermented product.DiscussionThis study examines the microbial dynamics of douzhi microbiota fermentation, emphasizing the role of lactic acid bacteria in enhancing fermentation activity and metabolite profiles. These insights contribute to improving manufacturing processes and ensuring the safety and quality of douzhi and similar fermented foods.

Cover crops between rows in orchards can improve the development of soil resources and increase agricultural productivity. However, there have been few reports of cover crops that can act as a “green manure” in apple orchards across arid and semiarid zones. This study investigated the effects of planting interrow vegetation on soil properties and apple tree performance during a 32-month experiment. There were six treatments: clean cultivation as a control; natural grass planting; planting with ryegrass; planting with alfalfa; planting with tall fescue; and planting with villous wild pea cover crops. The treatments primarily affected the 0- to 20-cm surface soil layer. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme levels initially decreased (during the first 12–24 months); then, they increased (24–32 months). The cover crops significantly increased nutrient contents (soluble organic carbon, microbial carbon and nitrogen, alkaline dissolved nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen) in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer by more than 19.6% and increased the related enzyme activities by more than 25.2%. The alfalfa and wild pea alleys had a stronger effect on the soil environment than the control, natural grass, ryegrass, and tall fescue alley treatments; however, after 32 months, the alfalfa treatment inhibited fruit tree growth and development. This was unexpected because alfalfa seemed to have a positive effect on soil fertility characteristics. Under local ecological conditions, villous wild pea had the greatest effect on apple orchard productivity and significantly increased short branching by 15.9%, fruit weight per fruit by 12.6%, yield per plant by 8.6%, and soluble sugar content by 10.5% compared with clean cultivation. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant or highly significant positive correlations between fruit tree performance and soil carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme activity levels as the soil layer depth increased. Therefore, under local ecological conditions, cover crops have a greater effect on orchard surface soil fertility than on deeper soils, and intercropping with villous wild pea potentially produces the greatest improvement in apple orchard productivity.

ObjectiveThis article aims to investigate the changes of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells and their associated cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsMultiple databases were investigated to identify articles that explored Th17 cells, Treg cells and relevant cytokines in SLE patients. A random effects model was used for calculating pooled standardized mean differences. Stata version 15.0 was utilized to conduct the meta-analysis.ResultsThe levels of Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-6, IL-21 and IL-10 were higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls (HCs), but the TGF-β levels were lower. The percentage of Treg cells was lower than HCs in SLE individuals older than 33. Among studies that had 93% or lower females, the percentage of Th17 cells was greater in patients than in HCs. However, the percentage of Treg cells was lower when the proportion of females was less than 90%. Patients with lupus nephritis or active SLE had an increased proportion of Th17 cells and a decreased proportion of Treg cells.ConclusionsThe increased level of Th17 cells and related cytokines could be the main reason for the elevated Th17/Treg ratio in SLE. The percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were associated with gender, age, disease activity and kidney function. Furthermore, the reduced proportions of Treg cells may primarily result in a rise in the Th17/Treg ratio in older or active SLE patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023454937.

[Objective] When a new channel foundation pit under-passes a high-speed railway bridge, the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit will cause the displacement of the soil surrounding the bridge, and further affect the high-speed railway bridge. In order to ensure the operation safety of the high-speed railway line, it is necessary to analyze the influence of the foundation pit under-passing the bridge on the adjacent piers. [Method] With the project of the new channel foundation pit of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal under-passing the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway bridge as the background, based on finite element simulation and on-site measurement, the influence of foundation pit construction on the existing high-speed railway piers is analyzed. The feasibility and effect of the scheme adopting multiple rows of bored piles+inclined brace reinforcement for the foundation pit construction are evaluated. [Result & Conclusion] As the channel foundation pit construction causes horizontal displacement of the high-speed railway piers along the bridge, it is proposed to take proper measures to increase the stiffness along the bridge. The closer the bored pile is to the high-speed railway pier, the larger the horizontal displacement. With the construction of the channel foundation pit, the horizontal displacement of the bored pile shows the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The displacement of piers under the reinforcement scheme of multiple rows of bored piles + inclined brace is less than the 2mm limit required by the relevant standard, meeting the requirements for train operation safety.

Abstract Background To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7-19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China. Methods A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on students who underwent refraction examination in Xinjiang, China, between May and December 2019. The prevalence of astigmatism was determined. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power (C) ≤-0.75 D, undefined astigmatism as ≤-1.50 D, and high astigmatism as C ≤-3.00 D. Astigmatism types were: against-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian in 180° ± 30°), with-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian at 90°±30°), and oblique astigmatism (all other cases). Results Of the 71,838 students examined (51.0% boys, 7 − 19 years old), 25,945 (36.1%, 95%CI: 35.52−36.68%) had astigmatism and 1267 (1.8%, 95%CI: 1.07−2.53%) had high astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was greater in Han individuals (39.6%) compared with the Hui (34.0%), Kazakh (34.0%), Kyrgyz (32.1%), and Uyghur (26.4%) populations. Among the 25,945 students with astigmatism, 19,947 had with-the-rule astigmatism (76.9%), 3405 had against-the-rule astigmatism (13.1%), and 2593 had oblique astigmatism (10.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity (Han individuals more susceptible), male gender, age, and refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) were independently associated with astigmatism, high astigmatism, and with-the-rule astigmatism (all P

Abstract Electric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V−1 and ~664% V−1, respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>1010 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.

Abstract Background Cancer and coronary artery disease (CAD) is reported to often co-exist in same individuals, however, whether cancer is directly associated with anatomical severity of CAD is rarely studied. The present study aimed to observe the relationship between newly diagnosed cancer and anatomical severity of CAD, moreover, to investigate effect of inflammation on the relationship of cancer with CAD. Methods 374 patients with newly diagnosed cancer who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled. Through 1:3 propensity score matching (PSM) to cancer patients based on the age and gender among 51,106 non-cancer patients who underwent CAG, 1122 non-cancer patients were selected as control patients. Anatomical severity of CAD was assessed using SYNTAX score (SXscore) based on coronary angiographic image. SXscore ≤ 22 (highest quartile) was defined as SX-low, and SXscore > 22 as SX-high. The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte count (NLR) was used to describe inflammation level. Association between cancer and the anatomical severity of CAD was investigated using logistic regression. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a correlation between cancer and anatomical severity of CAD (OR: 1.419, 95% CI: 1.083–1.859; P = 0.011). Cancer was associated with increased risk of SX-high after adjusted for common risk factors of CAD (OR: 1.598, 95% CI: 1.172–2.179, P = 0.003). Significant association between cancer and SX-high was revealed among patients with high inflammation (OR: 1.656, 95% CI: 1.099–2.497, P = 0.016), but not among patients with low inflammation (OR: 1.530, 95% CI: 0.973–2.498, P = 0.089). Conclusions Cancer was associated with severity of CAD, however, the association between the two diseases was significant among patients with high inflammation rather than among patients with low inflammation.

Abstract Background The GRAS transcription factor family plays a crucial role in various biological processes in different plants, such as tissue development, fruit maturation, and environmental stress. However, the GRAS family in rye has not been systematically analyzed yet. Results In this study, 67 GRAS genes in S. cereale were identified and named based on the chromosomal location. The gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, gene replications, and expression patterns were further analyzed. These 67 ScGRAS members are divided into 13 subfamilies. All members include the LHR I, VHIID, LHR II, PFYRE, and SAW domains, and some nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid residues may undergo cross-substitution in the VHIID region. Interested, tandem duplications may have a more important contribution, which distinguishes them from other monocotyledonous plants. To further investigate the evolutionary relationship of the GRAS family, we constructed six comparative genomic maps of homologous genes between rye and different representative monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The response characteristics of 19 ScGRAS members from different subfamilies to different tissues, grains at filling stages, and different abiotic stresses of rye were systematically analyzed. Paclobutrazol, a triazole-based plant growth regulator, controls plant tissue and grain development by inhibiting gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis through the regulation of DELLA proteins. Exogenous spraying of paclobutrazol significantly reduced the plant height but was beneficial for increasing the weight of 1000 grains of rye. Treatment with paclobutrazol, significantly reduced gibberellin levels in grain in the filling period, caused significant alteration in the expression of the DELLA subfamily gene members. Furthermore, our findings with respect to genes, ScGRAS46 and ScGRAS60, suggest that these two family members could be further used for functional characterization studies in basic research and in breeding programmes for crop improvement. Conclusions We identified 67 ScGRAS genes in rye and further analysed the evolution and expression patterns of the encoded proteins. This study will be helpful for further analysing the functional characteristics of ScGRAS genes.

ABSTRACTObjectives The objective was to utilize a smartwatch sphygmomanometer to predict new-onset hypertension within a short-term follow-up among individuals with high-normal blood pressure (HNBP).Methods This study consisted of 3180 participants in the training set and 1000 participants in the validation set. Participants underwent both ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) using a smartwatch sphygmomanometer. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to analyze cumulative events. A nomogram was constructed to predict new-onset hypertension. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using the C-index and calibration curve, respectively.Results Among the 3180 individuals with HNBP in the training set, 693 (21.8%) developed new-onset hypertension within a 6-month period. The nomogram for predicting new-onset hypertension had a C-index of 0.854 (95% CI, 0.843–0.867). The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between the nomogram’s predicted probabilities and actual observations for short-term new-onset hypertension. In the validate dataset, during the 6-month follow-up, the nomogram had a good C-index of 0.917 (95% CI, 0.904–0.930) and a good calibration curve. As the score increased, the risk of new-onset hypertension significantly increased, with an HR of 8.415 (95% CI: 5.153–13.744, p = .000) for the middle-score vs. low-score groups and 86.824 (95% CI: 55.071–136.885, p = .000) for the high-score vs. low-score group.Conclusions This study provides evidence for the use of smartwatch sphygmomanometer to monitor blood pressure in individuals at high risk of developing new-onset hypertension in the near future.Trial registration ChiCTR2200057354

Energy metabolism disorder, mainly exhibiting the inhibition of fatty acid degradation and lipid accumulation, is highly related with aging acceleration. However, the intervention measures are deficient. Here, we reported Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs), especially EPA, exerted beneficial effects on maintaining energy metabolism and lipid homeostasis to slow organ aging. As the endogenous agonist of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα), Omega-3 PUFAs significantly boosted fatty acid β-oxidation and ATP production in multiple aged organs. Consequently, Omega-3 PUFAs effectively inhibited age-related pathological changes, preserved organ function, and retarded aging process. The beneficial effects of Omega-3 PUFAs were also testified in mfat-1 transgenic mice, which spontaneously generate abundant endogenous Omega-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, our study innovatively demonstrated Omega-3 PUFAs administration in diet slow aging through promoting energy metabolism. The supplement of Omega-3 PUFAs or fat-1 transgene provides a promising therapeutic approach to promote healthy aging in the elderly.

Lymphoma positions as the fifth most common cancer, in the world, reporting remarkable deaths every year. Several promising strategies to counter this disease recently include utilizing small molecules that specifically target the lymphoma cellular proteins to overwhelm its progression. FGFBP1 is a soluble intracellular protein that progresses cancer cell proliferation and is upregulated in several cancers. Therefore, inhibiting FGFBP1 could significantly slow down lymphoma progression through triggering apoptosis. Thus, in this study, a flavonoid B4, isolated from Cajanus cajan, has been investigated for its effects of B4 on lymphoma, specifically as an FGFBP1 inhibitor. B4 could selectively hinder the growth of lymphoma cells by inducing caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis through G1/S transition phase cell cycle arrest. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that B4 regulates the genes involved in B-cell proliferation and DNA replication by inhibiting FGFBP1 in vitro. B4 increases the survival rate of lymphoma mice. B4 also represses the growth of patient-derived primary lymphoma cells through FGFBP1 inhibition. Drug affinity responsive target stability experimentations authorize that B4 powerfully binds to FGFBP1. The overexpression of FGFBP1 raises the pharmacological sensitivity of B4, supplementing its specific action on lymphoma cells. This study pioneers the estimation of B4 as a possible anticancer agent for lymphoma treatment. These outcomes highlight its selective inhibitory effects on lymphoma cell growth by downregulating FGFBP1 expression through intrinsic apoptosis, causing mitochondrial and DNA damage, ultimately leading to the inhibition of lymphoma progression. These suggest B4 may be a novel FGFBP1 inhibitor for the lymphoma treatment.

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases that, despite their increased incidence, are well differentiated, tend to be painless, and histologically lack distinctive invasive features without infiltrative growth, destructive infiltration, or associated pro-fibroproliferative responses. However, the biological behaviour of these tumours is difficult to determine preoperatively or intraoperatively, and the possibility of rupture puts patients at risk for peritoneal pseudomucinous neoplasms (PMPs).Patients with low-grade appendiceal mucinous tumours and peritoneal pseudomucinous tumours experience slow disease progression and are incurable and have a high risk of recurrence, morbidity, and ultimately death, despite the reported 5- and 10-year survival rates of 50–86% and 45–68%, respectively. In this article, we report the case of a 80-year-old male with a giant low-grade appendiceal mucinous tumour associated with a peritoneal pseudomucinous tumour, and discuss the diagnostic and management strategies for giant low-grade appendiceal mucinous tumours in the context of a literature review.

IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is closely associated with serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21; however, previous studies have typically focused on the static fasting state, and the relationships between postprandial FGF21 levels, postprandial metabolic status, and MAFLD remain unclear. Therefore, we measured postprandial lipids, inflammatory factors, and FGF21 levels in MAFLD and further analyzed their relationship using an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT).Patients and methodsIn total, 103 non-diabetic adult volunteers, including 46 patients with MAFLD, were included in this study. All participants underwent the OFTT. Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Circulating total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), hypersensitive-C reactive protein(hs-CRP) and FGF21 were assessed.ResultsSerum FGF21 significantly increased in the fasting state (P < 0.05) and showed a biphasic change of first decreasing and then increasing in MAFLD during the OFTT. The postprandial levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, FFA, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP were significantly increased in MAFLD (P < 0.05). After adjusting for multiple factors, the FGF21 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was linearly correlated with the FFA iAUC, TG iAUC, and IL-6 iAUC (P < 0.05) and was an independent factor for MAFLD (P < 0.05, OR=1.403).ConclusionDyslipidemia and excessive inflammation in MAFLD are associated to FGF21 levels in the postprandial period. An abnormal postprandial FGF21 response may be an important mechanism of MAFLD.

Metallic coatings are widely employed to improve the oxidation resistance of superalloys. However, the interdiffusion between the metallic coatings and the superalloys leads to microstructural degradation in both. Some of the underlying degradation mechanisms are still elusive, e.g., the γ′ (Ni3Al) phase depletion in superalloys, where a large amount of γ′ precipitates are dissolved in the γ matrix even though the incoming Al from coatings indeed increases the Al content. Here, we investigated the interdiffusion behavior between the Amdry365 coating and the IN792 superalloy at 1100 °C, using multiple microscopic techniques and thermodynamics calculations. Our results showed an excellent agreement between experiments and thermodynamics simulations, indicating the dominant role of Al on the initial diffusion-induced phase transitions. We proposed the Al-Cr interference effect to account for the pile-up behavior of Cr and the reduced Al content near the coating/superalloy interface. The local phase equilibrium calculations revealed that the γ′ depletion in the superalloy is primarily attributed to the loss of γ′-forming elements, such as Ta and Ti. Our findings opened up an avenue for studies on the superalloy/coating interdiffusion, contributing to reducing this damaging impact.

This study investigates the fatigue behaviour of samples made by laser powder-bed fusion of Hastelloy X (LPBF-HX) with as-built and machined surface conditions at 700 °C under fully reversed strain-controlled cyclic loading. Samples with both surface conditions exhibited initially cyclic hardening followed by cyclic softening under large strain amplitude testing, where a slight continuous hardening was observed for tests with smaller strain amplitudes. The samples with machined surfaces showed longer endurance and higher stress ranges than those with as-built surfaces. Post-fatigue-test EBSD analysis showed the formation of the Goss texture and extensive local strain accumulation in the samples tested under high strain amplitude at 700 °C. Fractography investigations revealed that early crack initiation in the samples with as-built surfaces was from stress concentrations induced by valleys on the rough surface. No evidence of crack initiation induced by pre-existing defects was observed in the machined samples, and the excessive slip activity at the surface was found to be responsible for the crack initiation.

Abstract Active noise control (ANC) is gaining ever-increasing attention owing to its powerful ability to attenuate low-frequency noise. The computational complexity of an ANC system may directly affect its computational efficiency, control performance, and hardware costs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is mainly on discussing the development of ANC systems with emphasis on reducing computational complexity. The ANC systems are classified into two groups of narrowband and broadband systems. The computational complexity analysis is provided to show the computational merit of each system with respect to the conventional ANC systems. In addition, numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the convergence speed and noise reduction performance of the considered systems. The results show that, in the narrowband ANC systems, the LFE-NANC, CFX-NANC and BFX-NANC systems enjoy better overall performance in terms of the computational complexity, convergence speed and steady-state error, and in the broadband ANC systems, the DF-BANC system has the lowest computational complexity but cannot effectively attenuate the broadband noise with high spectral dynamics, whereas the DS-BANC and MDS-BANC systems can. This study provides in-depth insight into current typical low-complexity ANC systems.

Abstract Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 target conserved envelope (Env) epitopes to block viral replication. Here, using structural analyses, we provide evidence to explain why a vaccine targeting the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 elicits antibodies with human bnAb-like paratopes paradoxically unable to bind HIV-1. Unlike in natural infection, vaccination with MPER/liposomes lacks a necessary structure-based constraint to select for antibodies with an adequate approach angle. Consequently, the resulting Abs cannot physically access the MPER crawlspace on the virion surface. By studying naturally arising Abs, we further reveal that flexibility of the human IgG3 hinge mitigates the epitope inaccessibility and additionally facilitates Env spike protein crosslinking. Our results suggest that generation of IgG3 subtype class-switched B cells is a strategy for anti-MPER bnAb induction. Moreover, the findings illustrate the need to incorporate topological features of the target epitope in immunogen design.

Abstract Background The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is a commonly used internal fixation system for intertrochanteric fractures (IFs) in older adults. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative lower extremity disease that occurs most frequently in the elderly. Some patients have already had KOA before the IFs. However, whether KOA impacts the postoperative outcome of IFs has not been reported. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of KOA on the fracture side on the outcome after PFNA for IFs in the elderly. Methods Between January 2016 and November 2021, 297 elderly patients treated with PFNA for IFs were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups according to the American Rheumatism Association KOA clinical and radiographic criteria: the control group and the KOA group. Intraoperative bleeding, operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative time out of bed, fracture healing time, postoperative complications, postoperative Harris hip function score, and Barthel ability to daily living Score were compared between the two groups. Follow-up was routinely scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results Based on the exclusion criteria, 254 patients who met the requirements were left to be included in this study, including the control group (n = 133) and the KOA group (n = 121). Patients were followed up for a mean of 17.5 months (12–24 months). There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative demographic data, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and length of stay in the hospital. The control group was statistically significant compared to the KOA group in terms of postoperative time out of bed (17.8 ± 4.0 days vs. 19.1 ± 5.8 days), fracture healing time (13.7 ± 2.2 weeks vs. 14.6 ± 3.7 weeks), and postoperative complications (12.8 vs. 23.1%). The Harris hip function score and Barthel ability to daily living score were higher in the control group than in the KOA group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (the control group: 63.8 ± 10.9, 71.8 ± 10.3, 81.5 ± 8.7, and 91.6 ± 6.3 vs. The KOA group 61.0 ± 10.4, 68.6 ± 9.1, 79.0 ± 9.2, and 88.5 ± 5.9). Conclusions In elderly patients with IFs combined with KOA of the fracture side treated with PFNA internal fixation, KOA increases the incidence of postoperative complications of the fracture, prolongs postoperative time out of bed and fracture healing, and reduces postoperative hip function and ability to daily living. Therefore, treating KOA on the fractured side needs to be considered when treating IFs in the elderly.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of the systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) and to explore the potential influencing factors. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies. AMSTAR2 was used for evaluating the methodological quality of eligible SRs/MAs. Differences between methodological characteristics of SRs/MAs were compared using chi-square tests. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess reviewer agreement in the pre-experiment. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify potential factors affecting methodological quality. Results A total of 45 SRs/MAs were included. After AMSTAR2 evaluation, only two (4.4%) of 45 SRs/MAs were moderate, three (6.7%) were rated as low quality, and the remainder 40 (88.9%) were rated as critically low quality. Among the 16 items of AMSTAR2, item 3 and item 10 had the poorest adherence. Item 4 received the most significant number of "Partial Yes" responses. Univariable analysis indicated that there were significant differences in methodological quality in SRs between different continents (P = 0.027) as well as between preregistered SRs and those that were not (P = 0.004). However, in multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between methodological quality and the following research characteristics: publication year, continent, whether reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA), preregistration, funding support, randomized controlled trials (RCT) enrollment, whether SR was published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and whether with meta-analysis. Additionally, subgroup analysis based on interventional SRs/MAs showed that continent was independently associated with the methodological quality of SRs/MAs of CP/CPPS via univariable and multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the methodological quality of SRs/MAs of CP/CPPS was generally poor. SRs/MAs of CP/CPPS should adopt the AMSTAR2 to enhance their methodological quality.

Probiotics offer numerous health benefits for human beings. However, it is difficult to achieve the expected beneficial effects of oral probiotics due to the viability loss during processing, storage and digestion. Oral delivery systems are effective ways to improve the processing and storage stability, gastric acid and bile salt tolerance, and intestinal adhesion and colonization ability of probiotics. This review focuses on the state of the art of oral delivery of probiotics, and summarizes the types of probiotics commonly used in probiotic products and their functional characteristics. Specifically, this review analyzes the effects of external environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, pH and oxygen, and internal environments such as the mouth, stomach, and small intestine on the survival rate of probiotics. Furthermore, the characteristics and applications of different oral delivery systems including microcapsule, hydrogel, oleogel, nanocoating, emulsion, and nanofiber are compared. Finally, this review proposes future prospects for cost reduction, intelligent packaging, co-packaging and population experiments of probiotic delivery systems, with the aim of providing technical support for the development of probiotic formulations with high storage stability and high viability suitable for intestinal targeted delivery.

[Introduction] As the country has set ambitious targets in carbon peaking and carbon neutrality for the energy sector, there is a growing demand for technology improvements of low-carbon emission for power station gas turbines. It is urgent to explore the path of the key technology for this goal in China. The lean premixed combustion technology of gas turbine can make the air volume for combustion deviate from the theoretical air volume, which is the main technology to reduce NOx emission at present. At the same time, by mixing hydrogen in natural gas when combusting, it can effectively reduce the consumption of fossil energy and reduce carbon emissions. [Method] In this paper, a one-dimensional premixed free propagation flame model was established by Chemkin-Pro software, and the effects of different equivalent ratios, initial temperatures, initial pressures, and hydrogen-blended ratios on combustion temperatures, combustion rates, pollutant generation concentration, combustion free radicals, and chain reactions were compared. The temperature distribution, fuel component change and emission characteristics of combustion process were simulated. [Result] It is found that by mixing hydrogen in natural gas when combusting, fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions can be effectively reduced. However, the higher flame temperature brought by the lean premixed combustion of natural gas mixed with hydrogen will promote the generation of NOx, and at the same time, more CO will be produced at a lower equivalent ratio. [Conclusion] Based on the above research, the key data of hydrogen-blended combustion are obtained, which lays a foundation for the completion of hydrogen-blended combustion technology route.