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High - entropy alloys are a kind of novel multi - principal component alloy that recently breaks through the design concept of traditional alloys, which were significantly superior to conventional metallic materials in compressive strength, hardness, thermal stability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, cold spray is a solid - state deposition technology, attracting great attention around the world in preparing high - performance coatings, repairing, and remanufacturing parts, and additive manufacturing parts and components, which could provide a new approach for preparing high - entropy alloys. In this work, by analyzing the research status of cold spraying high entropy alloy at home and abroad, the recent progress of cold spraying high - entropy alloys was reviewed from feedstock powders preparation, spraying process parameter optimization, microstructure and properties of coating, particle bonding mechanisms, and post - treatment processes. Besides, the future research direction of cold spraying high performance high - entropy alloys was also prospected.

This article examines the association between daily levels of ambient air pollution and hospital visits for allergic diseases. Previous studies have typically used population-average exposure data, which may lead to biased effect estimates. In this study, individual exposure data was used to assess the effects of ambient air pollution on outpatient visits for allergic diseases. The results showed that increases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases. Additionally, population-average exposure to PM2.5, particulate matter (PM10), O3, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were also associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases. The study highlights the adverse effects of air pollution on allergic diseases and supports efforts to mitigate pollution and protect vulnerable individuals. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Aim: Previous studies have reported an association between gut microbiota and cirrhosis. However, the causality between intestinal flora and liver cirrhosis still remains unclear. In this study, bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to ascertain the potential causal effect between gut microbes and cirrhosis., Methods: Large-scale Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data of cirrhosis and gut microbes were obtained from FinnGen, Mibiogen consortium, and a GWAS meta-analysis of Alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). Two-sample MR was performed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cirrhosis. Furthermore, a bi-directional MR analysis was employed to examine the direction of the causal relations., Result: In MR analysis, we found that 21 gut microbiotas were potentially associated with cirrhosis. In reverse MR analysis, 11 gut microbiotas displayed potentially associations between genetic liability in the gut microbiome and cirrhosis. We found that the family Lachnospiraceae (OR: 1.59, 95% CI:1.10-2.29) might be harmful in cirrhotic conditions (ICD-10: K74). Furthermore, the genus Erysipelatoclostridium might be a protective factor for cirrhosis (OR:0.55, 95% CI:0.34-0.88) and PBC (OR:0.68, 95% CI:0.52-0.89). Combining the results from the MR analysis and reverse MR analysis, we firstly identified the Genus Butyricicoccus had a bi-directional causal effect on PBC (Forward: OR: 0.37, 95% CI:0.15-0.93; Reverse: OR: 1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.05)., Conclusion: We found a new potential causal effect between cirrhosis and intestinal flora and provided new insights into the role of gut microbiota in the pathological progression of liver cirrhosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xiao, Yang, Chen, Xie, Li, Fu, Han, Qin, Tian, Zhao, Cai, Hu, Ai, Li, Chen, Wang, Tan, Xia and Zhang.)