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BackgroundThis study explores the correlation between internet addiction (IA) and deviant behaviors among primary and secondary school students. It analyzes the impact of family functional factors, such as family relationships, parent–child communication, and parental control, on IA. The findings aim to provide a scientific basis for educators and parents to develop targeted preventive and intervention measures.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires among 8,816 students from five primary and secondary schools in Chengdu. The questionnaire included basic information about students and their families, Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, Shek’s Deviant Behavior Scale, and the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI). Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare differences between the at-risk group for internet addiction and the normal population. Statistically significant variables were extracted and included in the hierarchical regression model, with the level of significance set at α = 0.05.ResultsThe detection rate of IA risk among primary and secondary school students was 14.11%, and the detection rate of deviant behaviors in this group was 85.21%. Deviant behaviors such as deceit (r = 0.201), running away from home (r = 0.215), and damaging others’ property (r = 0.209) showed a weak correlation with the risk of internet addiction, and the differences were statistically significant (p

Abstract Background Overweight/obesity in children and adolescents has become a global health problem, and family function may be associated with its occurrence. Studies exploring the association between family function and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents were performed in Western and Taiwan, China. To date, related studies haven’t been conducted in Mainland China. Objectives To investigate the current status of overweight, obesity, and family function among children and adolescents in Chengdu, China, and to explore their associations. Methods Children and adolescents in five primary and middle schools were chosen by cluster sampling. Body Mass Index was used to measure the status of overweight and obesity, and the Chinese family assessment instrument was adopted to assess family function. Latent profile analysis and stepwise logistic regression were applied to identify family classification and explore the relationships between family function and overweight/obesity. Results A total of 7616 (84.92%) children and adolescents out of 8968 completed the study with qualified-filled questionnaires. Nine hundred and sixty-six (12.68%)participants were overweight and 656 (8.61%) were obese. The family function was categorized into three profiles: mild (63.93%), moderate (12.32%), and severe (23.75%) dysfunction. The prevalence of overweight was 12.16%, 14.71%, and 13.05% for mild, moderate, and severe family dysfunction, respectively. And the prevalence of obesity was 8.19%, 10.77%, and 8.62% respectively. Participants in moderate and severe dysfunction families were more likely to be overweight (moderate: OR = 1.27, 95% CI:1.01 ~ 1.59, P = 0.04; severe: OR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.15 ~ 1.66, P = 0.001) and obese (moderate: OR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.02 ~ 1.79, P = 0.03; severe: OR = 1.55, 95% CI:1.23 ~ 1.96, P

Abstract Background This study investigated cognitive and emotional functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD). Methods Thirty patients with ADHD, 26 with DICCD, 22 with ADHD+DICCD were recruited from the outpatient department of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, plus 20 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the groups in cognitive and emotional functioning were examined using Golden’s Stroop and Emotional Stroop tests. For Emotional Stroop Mean reaction time (RT) of positive word (POS) and negative word (NEG) with color congruence (C) or incongruence (I) were recorded as POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and NEG-I, respectively. Results For Golden’s interference scores (IGs), both errors and RTs in the ADHD group were higher than in the other groups. Longer mean RTs of POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and neural word (NEU) of the ADHD group, and NEG-I of ADHD+DICCD and DICCD groups were observed compared to HC. After 12 weeks of methylphenidate treatment, differences between ADHD subgroups and HC on Golden’s Stroop RT disappeared, but differences in Golden’s Stroop errors and Emotional Stroop mean RTs remained. The ADHD+DICCD group showed longer mean RTs in NEG-C, NEG-I and NEU of the Emotional Stroop test than the ADHD group. Conclusions Our study shows that regardless of emotional responding, deficit in cognitive control is the core symptom of ADHD. However, emotionally biased stimuli may cause response inhibitory dysfunction among DICCD with callous-unemotional traits, and the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to account for the negative emotional response characteristic of DICCD. These deficits may be eliminated by medication treatment in ADHD, but not the ADHD with comorbid DICCD. Our results support the notion that ADHD with comorbid DICCD is more closely related to DICCD than to ADHD.

The neural networks that constitute corticostriatothalamocortical circuits between prefrontal cortex and subcortical structure provide a heuristic framework for bridging gaps between neurocircuitry and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). “Cool” and “Hot” executive functional theory and the models of dual pathway are supposed to be applied within the neuropsychology of ADHD. The theoretical model elaborated response inhibition and delayed gratification in ADHD. We aimed to review and summarize the literature about the circuits on ADHD and ADHD-related comorbidities, as well as the effects of neurocircuitry on the executive dysfunction in ADHD.

Somnambulism is defined as a state of dissociated consciousness triggered by impaired arousal, which results in partial wakefulness and partial sleep. No effective therapy or medication has been available for treating children with somnambulism. Herein we present a case in a 4.5-year-old girl, who presented with somnambulism associated with separation anxiety disorder every night in a week. The girl received formal assessment and appropriate interventions, and the symptoms disappeared within a week. The treatment was carried out in 5 stages: diagnosis of the disease, establishment of trust, information collection, supervision, and individualized psychotherapy. Although dreams in childhood can be difficult to interpret, close observation of the behaviors in sleepwalking, as a special form of dream, in addition to the more precise description by the guardians, still provides useful clues to understand those dreams. For children with somnambulism, early intervention with psychotherapy can significantly decrease the false revival of the unconscious desires, and thus may serve as a treatment option other than medications.