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To address the challenges of managing and mitigating the environmental impact posed by the large amount of underground residual soil generated during underground construction, a composite material known as recycled solidified soil (RSS) was developed using this underground construction residual soil. Through a series of laboratory tests, including mix design, slump spread, unconfined compressive strength, and X-ray diffraction, the basic properties and regenerative curing mechanism of RSS were investigated under various curing conditions, water-tosolid ratios (the total mass ratio of water to air-dried residual soil and cementitious material), cement mass fractions and mineral admixtures. The results show that the fluidity of the RSS can meet the requirements of general backfilling projects at a water-to-solid ratio of 0. 35. The unconfined compressive strength of the RSS increases with curing time, higher cement mass fractions and water-to-solid ratios under different curing conditions, with lower strength of underwater curing compared to indoor curing. The establishment of strength in the RSS is primarily attributed to the cementation between hydration products and soil particles. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the treatment and resource utilization of engineering residues and serve as a reference for addressing these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been shown that tumor-associated immune cells, particularly macrophages, play a fundamental role in the development and treatment response of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, little is known about macrophages at the single cellular level of ICC patients., Methods: ScRNA-seq from Zhang et al. was used in the present study to identify the genes differentially expressed in ICCs. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from TCGA datasets, IHC and flowcytometry from our cohort were used to confirm the findings. Kaplan-Meier and TIDE scores were also used for prognostic analysis and ICB responses., Results: A significant number of macrophages were found in ICCs as compared to adjacent tissues. We then extracted, processed, and classified the macrophages from the ICCs and adjacent tissues into 12 clusters. Significantly, the macrophages from the ICC exhibited an immunosuppressed state in terms of both signature gene expression and functional enrichment. Furthermore, our results indicate that, of the 10 selective tumor-promoting genes of macrophages, only MMP19 and SIRPα can predict ICB responses in ICCs. Although a higher expression of MMP19 and SIRPα predict a poor prognosis for ICCs without immunotherapy after surgery, patients with high SIRPα expression were more sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas those with high MMP19 expression were not sensitive to immunotherapy. To define the mechanisms, we found that SIRPα hi ICCs exhibited an increased enrichment KEGG pathway of leukocyte transendothelial migration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The increased immune cell infiltration will increase sensitivity to immunotherapy., Conclusion: Collectively, macrophages are critical to the immune status of ICCs, and MMP19 and SIRPα can predict prognosis and ICB responses for ICCs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Xu, Yan, Long, liu, Yang and Li.)