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Phosphoramides represent an important class of organophosphorus compounds that have widespread applications in industry, agriculture, chemical synthesis as well as biomedicine. Researchers have conducted intensive and extensive studies on the properties and synthetic methods of phosphamides, including optimization and improvement of the preparative procedures and expansion of compound types. This paper presents an overview of the classical and recently reported methods for efficient construction of P-N bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nereistoxin derivatives containing phosphonate were synthesized and characterized via 31P, 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS. The anticholinesterase activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated on human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using the in vitro Ellman method. Most of the compounds exhibited good inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. All of these compounds were selected to assess their insecticidal activity (in vivo) against Mythimna separata Walker, Myzus persicae Sulzer and Rhopalosiphum padi. Most of the tested compounds displayed potent insecticidal activity against these three species. Compound 7f displayed good activity against all three insect species, showing LC50 values of 136.86 μg/mL for M. separata, 138.37 μg/mL for M. persicae and 131.64 μg/mL for R. padi. Compound 7b had the highest activity against M. persicae and R. padi, with LC50 values of 42.93 μg/mL and 58.19 μg/mL, respectively. Docking studies were performed to speculate the possible binding sites of the compounds and explain the reasons for the activity of the compounds. The results showed that the compounds had lower binding energies with AChE than with the acetylcholine receptor (AchR), suggesting that compounds are more easily bound with AChE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of fluorescent method to metal ions detection features high sensitivity, simple operation and real‐time monitoring. A 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene‐functionalized dimethyl glycoluril (called clip 1) was synthesized, using a relatively simple method. And it is fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR‐MS and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The recognition properties of molecular clip 1 were analyzed systematically toward several metal ions using fluorescence spectroscopy, and it was found that molecular clip 1 is selective and sensitive to Fe3+. At the same time, the clip 1 shows good anti‐interference ability when other metal ions existed. The limit detection of Fe3+ is 3×10−7M. The fluorescence of clip 1 was quenched apparently by Fe3+, which was speculated to be caused by ligand–metal charge transfer mechanism (LMCT). As a new fluorescence probe for Fe3+ ion, it may expanded the application of glycoluril molecular clips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The binding ability of acyclic CB[n]-type receptors M1, M2 and macrocyclic CB[7] toward explosive materials was investigated. Acyclic M2 demonstrates an overall better binding and solubilizing ability, and lower fluorescence in the presence of aromatic explosive compounds, suggesting its future application for the detection of harmful explosive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new glycoluril derivative‐1H, 4H, 5H, 8H‐2, 3a, 4a, 6, 7a, 8a‐hexaazacyclopenta[def]fluorene‐4, 8‐dione, hexahydro‐2, 6‐bis(phenylmethyl) (3) is strategically designed and synthesized through the reaction between glycoluril, formaldehyde and benzylamine with the optimized molar ratio of 1:6:2. Compound 3 is fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Reduction of compound 3 delivers a potential precursor‐imidazo[4, 5‐d]imidazole, octahydro‐hexahydro‐2, 6‐bis(phenylmethyl) (4) for the synthesis of novel nitramine explosives (i.e. bicyclo‐HMX and bi‐RDX). The nitration and hydrolysis of compound 4 are investigated in detail and three ring‐opened molecules N, 2, 4‐trinitro‐benzenemethanamine (8a), N, 2‐dinitro‐benzenemethanamine (8b) and N‐methylene‐benzenemethanamine (9) are obtained. The synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure, hydrolysis, nitrolysis of two potential precursors for the preparation of nitramine explosives (bicycle‐HMX and bi‐RDX) are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]