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Abstract Background Drought is a leading environmental factor affecting plant growth. To explore the drought tolerance mechanism of asparagus, this study analyzed the responses of two asparagus varieties, namely, ‘Jilv3’ (drought tolerant) and ‘Pacific Early’ (drought sensitive), to drought stress using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Results In total, 2,567 and 7,187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ‘Pacific Early’ and ‘Jilv3’, respectively, by comparing the transcriptome expression patterns between the normal watering treatment and the drought stress treatment. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. In ‘Jilv3’, DEGs were also enriched in the following energy metabolism-related pathways: citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism. This study also identified 112 and 254 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in ‘Pacific Early’ and ‘Jilv3’ under drought stress compared with normal watering, respectively. The amino acid, flavonoid, organic acid, and soluble sugar contents were more significantly enhanced in ‘Jilv3’ than in ‘Pacific Early’. According to the metabolome and transcriptome analysis, in ‘Jilv3’, the energy supply of the TCA cycle was improved, and flavonoid biosynthesis increased. As a result, its adaptability to drought stress improved. Conclusions These findings help to better reveal the molecular mechanism underlying how asparagus responds to drought stress and improve researchers’ ability to screen drought-tolerant asparagus varieties as well as breed new varieties.

Abstract Background X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited disease caused by RS1 gene mutation, which leads to retinal splitting and visual impairment. The mechanism of RS1-associated retinal degeneration is not fully understood. Besides, animal models of XLRS have limitations in the study of XLRS. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal organoids (ROs) to investigate the disease mechanisms and potential treatments for XLRS. Methods hiPSCs reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two RS1 mutant (E72K) XLRS patients were differentiated into ROs. Subsequently, we explored whether RS1 mutation could affect RO development and explore the effectiveness of RS1 gene augmentation therapy. Results ROs derived from RS1 (E72K) mutation hiPSCs exhibited a developmental delay in the photoreceptor, retinoschisin (RS1) deficiency, and altered spontaneous activity compared with control ROs. Furthermore, the delays in development were associated with decreased expression of rod-specific precursor markers (NRL) and photoreceptor-specific markers (RCVRN). Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene augmentation with RS1 at the photoreceptor immature stage rescued the rod photoreceptor developmental delay in ROs with the RS1 (E72K) mutation. Conclusions The RS1 (E72K) mutation results in the photoreceptor development delay in ROs and can be partially rescued by the RS1 gene augmentation therapy.

PRPF6, located on chromosome 20, is required for the formation of the spliceosome. Mutations in the PRPF6 gene can lead to retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a common inherited retinal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying the PRPF6 c.2699 G > A mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which will provide a valuable resource for RP pathogenesis and treatment research.

Objectives: To systematically review risk factors for patient-reported arm symptoms (AS) in breast cancer (BC), considering radiotherapy (RT) impact, using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 questionnaire (BR23). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched using the keywords ''breast neoplasms'', ''radiotherapy'', and ''BR23'' up to March 5th, 2024. Inclusion criteria: both univariate and multivariate analyses. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy, recurrence, distant metastasis BC, reirradiation, or lack of RT. The risk of bias of included papers was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist. Descriptive and meta-analyses were conducted using risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) as effect measures. A random-effects model was applied if I2 > 50 %. Results: Eighteen out of 734 studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 172 to 2208. Commonly reported risk factors included axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), mastectomy, chemotherapy (CT), and RT (6, 5, 4, and 4 studies, respectively). In meta-analyses, ALND was a risk factor for arm pain (RR [95 % CI] = 1.75 [1.14; 2.71]), lymphedema (RR [95 % CI] = 5.41 [3.48; 8.39]), and overall AS (SMD [95 % CI] = 0.49 [0.14; 0.83]) compared to sentinel lymph node biopsy. RT was not a risk factor, but axillary RT significantly increased overall AS (SMD [95 % CI] = 0.55 [0.40; 0.70]) compared to no axillary RT. Conclusion: ALND and mastectomy were the primary risk factors for patient-reported AS. Axillary RT was a significant risk factor, whereas general RT was not.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a common retinal genetic disease that occurs in juvenile males and causes progressive visual impairment. This presents a schisis in the macula or peripheral retina of bilateral eyes, which has no effective treatment. Here, we introduced the RS1 (c.C304T, p.R102W) mutation into a normal induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This missense mutation was consistent with that observed in the XLRS patient-derived iPS cell line (CSUASOi001-A). Conclusively, establishing a directed gene mutation cell line (CSUi007-A) provides a useful cell resource to investigate XLRS pathogenesis.

Background: /aims: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and has become the main cause of human death worldwide, and the incidence is increasing and younger trend. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), an important monomer component of the traditional Chinese herb ginseng, known for its ability to improve blood lipid disorders and anti-inflammatory. In addition, Rb1 was proved to be an effective treatment for AS. However, the effect of Rb1 on AS remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Rb1 in ameliorating AS induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and methods: In this study, we developed an experimental AS model in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding HFD with intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3. The potential therapeutic mechanism of Rb1 in AS rats was investigated by detecting the expression of inflammatory factors, microbiome 16S rRNA gene sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics. Results: Rb1 could effectively alleviate the symptoms of AS and suppress the overexpression of inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, Rb1 altered gut microbial composition and concentration of SCFAs characterized by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Oscillospira enrichment and Desulfovibrio depletion, accompanied by increased production of acetic acid and propionic acid. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics showed that Rb1 considerably improved faecal metabolite profiles, particularly arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusion: Rb1 ameliorated the HFD-induced AS, and the mechanism is related to improving intestinal metabolic homeostasis and inhibiting systemic inflammation by regulating gut microbiota.

Abstract Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can induce severe sight-threatening retinal degeneration and impose a considerable economic burden on patients and society, making efforts to cure blindness imperative. Transgenic animals mimicking human genetic diseases have long been used as a primary research tool to decipher the underlying pathogenesis, but there are still some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), particularly three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology, are considered a promising platform for modeling different forms of IRDs, including retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, X-linked recessive retinoschisis, Batten disease, achromatopsia, and best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Here, this paper focuses on the status of patient-derived iPSCs and organoids in IRDs in recent years concerning disease modeling and therapeutic exploration, along with potential challenges for translating laboratory research to clinical application. Finally, the importance of human iPSCs and organoids in combination with emerging technologies such as multi-omics integration analysis, 3D bioprinting, or microfluidic chip platform are highlighted. Patient-derived retinal organoids may be a preferred choice for more accurately uncovering the mechanisms of human retinal diseases and will contribute to clinical practice.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is one of the most common retinal genetic diseases with progressive visual impairment in childhood affecting males. It is manifested with macular and/or peripheral schisis in neural retinas with no effective treatment. Previously, we successfully generated a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from an XLRS patient carrying the hemizygous RS1 c. 304C > T (p.R102W) mutation. Here, we corrected the c.304C > T mutation in the RS1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate an isogenic control. This cell line is valuable for the study of XLRS.

Huangqi Chifeng Decoction (HQCFT), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has long been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of the beneficial effect of HQCFT on atherosclerosis remains to be explored. In this work, to investigate the effects of HQCFT on bile acid (BA) metabolism and the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− mice were fed a with high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish the AS model. HQCFT(1.95 g kg−1 and 3.9 g kg−1 per day) was administered intragastrically for 8 weeks to investigate the regulatory effects of HQCFT on gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism and to inhibit the occurrence and development of AS induced by a high-fat diet. Histopathology, liver function and blood lipids were used to assess whether HQCFT can reduce plaque area, regulate lipid levels and alleviate liver steatosis in AS mice. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to screen the gut microbiota structure, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS) was used to determine the bile acid profile. The mRNA and protein expression levels of bile acid metabolism were detected by RT‒PCR and WB to find the potential correlation. Results: HQCFT can regulate gut microbiota disorders, which was achieved by increasing gut microbiota diversity and altering Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, Deferribacteres, Rodentibacter, Parasutterella, and Mucispirillum interference abundance to improve AS-induced gut microbiota. HQCFT can also adjust the content of bile acids (TCA, LCA, DCA, TDCA, TLCA, UDCA, etc.), regulate bile acid metabolism, relieve liver fat accumulation, and inhibit the process of AS. In addition, HQCFT can restore the abnormal metabolism of bile acid caused by AS by regulating the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor α (LXRα), ABCA1, ABCG1 and CYP7A1. Conclusion: HQCFT may play a part in the prevention of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the FXR/LXRα axis, increasing the expression of CYP7A1 in the liver, and regulating the interaction between the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Soil salinity is a very serious abiotic stressor that affects plant growth and threatens crop yield. Thus, it is important to explore the mechanisms of salt tolerance of plant and then to stabilize and improve crop yield. Asparagus is an important cash crop, but its salt tolerance mechanisms are largely unknown. Full-length transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on two asparagus genotypes: ‘jx1502’ (a salt-tolerant genotype) and ‘gold crown’ (a salt-sensitive genotype). Compared with the distilled water treatment (control), 877 and 1610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ‘jx1502’ and ‘gold crown’ under salt stress treatment, respectively, and 135 and 73 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in ‘jx1502’ and ‘gold crown’ under salt stress treatment, respectively. DEGs related to ion transport, plant hormone response, and cell division and growth presented differential expression profiles between ‘jx1502’ and ‘gold crown.’ In ‘jx1502,’ 11 ion transport-related DEGs, 8 plant hormone response-related DEGs, and 12 cell division and growth-related DEGs were upregulated, while 7 ion transport-related DEGs, 4 plant hormone response-related DEGs, and 2 cell division and growth-related DEGs were downregulated. Interestingly, in ‘gold crown,’ 14 ion transport-related DEGs, 2 plant hormone response-related DEGs, and 6 cell division and growth-related DEGs were upregulated, while 45 ion transport-related DEGs, 13 plant hormone response-related DEGs, and 16 cell division and growth-related DEGs were downregulated. Genotype ‘jx1502’ can modulate K+/Na+ and water homeostasis and maintain a more constant transport system for nutrient uptake and distribution than ‘gold crown’ under salt stress. Genotype ‘jx1502’ strengthened the response to auxin (IAA), as well as cell division and growth for root remodeling and thus salt tolerance. Therefore, the integration analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic indicated that ‘jx1502’ enhanced sugar and amino acid metabolism for energy supply and osmotic regulatory substance accumulation to meet the demands of protective mechanisms against salt stress. This work contributed to reveal the underlying salt tolerance mechanism of asparagus at transcription and metabolism level and proposed new directions for asparagus variety improvement.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common inherited retinal diseases characterized by nyctalopia, progressive vision loss and visual field contraction. we previously generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSUASOi004-A) from a RP patient with heterozygous PRPF6 c.2699 G>A (p.R900H) mutation. Here we corrected the PRPF6 c.2699 G>A mutation genetically using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate an isogenic control (CSUASOi004-A-1), which can provide a valuable resource in the research of the disease.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, and the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-aged people. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line using blood-derived cells from a patient with DR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were reprogrammed with Sendai virus.

BackgroundCytomegalovirus retinitis is a severe, vision-threatening opportunistic infection in an immunodeficient population. Reports on cytomegalovirus retinitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients due to severe aplastic anemia have been scant. This study assessed the risk of cytomegalovirus retinitis in relation to the pre-transplant status of severe aplastic anemia patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nested case-control study of cytomegalovirus retinitis among severe aplastic anemia patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants in a tertiary care institution that attends severe aplastic anemia patients from southern China from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. Each cytomegalovirus retinitis case was matched with four controls without cytomegalovirus retinitis by age and gender. Thirteen pre-transplant parameters were chosen to compare the risk factor levels between the cases and controls. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 361 severe aplastic anemia patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the study period 2013–2018 in our medical institution, and 31 (8.58%) developed cytomegalovirus retinitis. Cytomegalovirus retinitis was diagnosed in the median of 148 days after transplantation. We confirmed platelet refractoriness more frequently in cases than in controls (p = 0.0005). Compared with human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donors, alternative donors were significantly more prone to cytomegalovirus retinitis (p = 0.0009). After stepwise selection in multivariate logistic regression, platelet refractoriness (OR 5.41, 95% CI 1.98–15.39), haploidentical donor (OR 7.46, 95% CI 2.19–34.87), and unrelated donor (OR 8.38, 95% CI 2.30–41.34) were associated with an increased risk of cytomegalovirus retinitis.ConclusionsPre-transplant platelet refractoriness and alternative donors were significant predictors of cytomegalovirus retinitis in severe aplastic anemia recipients. These results highlight the importance of accounting for existing risks while developing prevention strategies and preemptive treatment for severe aplastic anemia recipients. We recommend that the platelet count be closely monitored and thrombopoietin be properly applied during the period when cytomegalovirus retinitis is prone to occur.

Pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPFs) are vital components of the spliceosome and are involved in the physiological process necessary for pre-mRNA splicing to mature mRNA. As an important member, PRPF6 mutation resulting in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is not common. Recently, we reported the establishment of an induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs; CSUASOi004-A) model by reprogramming the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a PRPF6-related adRP patient, which could recapitulate a consistent disease-specific genotype. In this study, a disease model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was generated from the iPSCs of this patient to further investigate the underlying molecular and pathological mechanisms. The results showed the irregular morphology, disorganized apical microvilli and reduced expressions of RPE-specific genes in the patient’s iPSC-derived RPE cells. In addition, RPE cells carrying the PRPF6 mutation displayed a decrease in the phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled photoreceptor outer segments and exhibited impaired cell polarity and barrier function. This study will benefit the understanding of PRPF6-related RPE cells and future cell therapy.

The screening and cultivation of salt-tolerant crops are becoming more and more important owing to the constant increase in the saline soil area worldwide. Asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is a highly nutritious vegetable crop and widely consumed globally for a long time; however, little research has been done on asparagus. In this study, the salt tolerance of 95 asparagus germplasm accessions was evaluated at three growth stages (germination, seedling, and adult stages) under both salt-stressed and control conditions. Results showed that the growth parameters of most germplasm accessions were obviously inhibited by salt stress. The mean value of the seed germination rate at the germination stage decreased by half under salt-stressed conditions, the mean salt-injury index at the seedling stage reached 57.68%, and the fresh weight of the aboveground part (FWA) and the dry weight of the aboveground part (DWA) decreased the most among the traits determined at the adult stage by more than 60%. Our study screened out 30, 19, and 18 tolerant germplasm accessions (including highly salt-tolerant and salt-tolerant germplasm accessions) at the germination stage, seedling stage, and adult stage, respectively. Among them, two germplasm accessions (Ji08-2 and Jx1502) were simultaneously identified to be tolerant in all three growth stages, while other germplasm accessions were tolerant only at one or two stages. Thus, the salt tolerance of asparagus has periodic characteristics and changes throughout the lifecycle, and the identification of salt tolerance at all the main growth stages facilitates adequate assessment and application of tolerant germplasm accessions.

Abstract Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vascular proliferative disorder of the developing retina and a significant cause of childhood blindness around the world. The incidence of ROP is affected by many factors, and the incidence rate varies from country to country. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence and risk factors of ROP in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital in China. Methods A retrospective review was performed on 436 premature infants who were consecutive ROP screened in the NICU of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from March 2013 to October 2017. The single-factor analysis and the logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to detect risk factors of ROP. Results Total 436 premature infants were consecutive ROP screened, 138 (31.65%) were found ROP, and 61(13.99%) were treated. The single-factor analysis revealed that the incidence of ROP was associated with multiple births, gestational age, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, intravascular hemolysis, the number of operations and blood culture results. The logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that gestational age; birth weight, mechanical ventilation, minimum SaO2 and daily weight gain were independent risk factors for ROP onset. Forty-nine patients underwent retinal laser photocoagulation with recurrence 20 patients. Twelve patients underwent anti-VEGF drug (Ranibizumab) via intraocular injection with 5 patients of recurrence. Conclusions The incidence of ROP in NICU of Guangzhou China will match those in middle-income countries, but higher than high-income countries. Anti-VEGF drugs could be preferred as a good treatment method for zone 1 ROP and aggressive posterior ROP.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of Huaiqihuang (HQH) granule, a Chinese herbal medicine, in treating proteinuria and to reveal its possible mechanism. MPC5 podocytes were cultured in vitro at 37°C and induced with tunicamycin (TM). The TM-induced cells were treated with HQH at different concentrations. The cell proliferation was detected using the MTT assay. The optimal effective dose of HQH for MPC5 cells was determined by the MTT assay and LDH assay respectively. The influences of HQH on the proteinuria-related protein expression and the signaling pathway associated protein expression were also detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the MPC5 cell model was successfully constructed in vitro. The HQH application could improve the harmful effects induced by TM on the MPC5 cells, including promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the protein expression, including podocin, nephrin, and synaptopodin was down-regulated by the TM treatment in the MPC5 cells. On contrary, the expression of these proteins was up-regulated after the HQH application. Also, the effect of TM on integrin α3 and integrin β1 expressions was also reversed by the HQH treatment. Moreover, the HQH application decreased the expression of p-ERK and DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3 or CHOP) in the MPC5 cells, which was opposite to the effect observed in the cells treated with TM. Taken together, our study suggest that HQH application may protect podocytes from TM damage by suppressing the p-ERK/CHOP signaling pathway.

Diospyros is the largest genus in Ebenaceae, comprising more than 500 species with remarkable economic value, especially Diospyros kaki Thunb., which has traditionally been an important food resource in China, Korea, and Japan. Complete chloroplast (cp) genomes from D. kaki, D. lotus L., D. oleifera Cheng., D. glaucifolia Metc., and Diospyros 'Jinzaoshi' were sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. This is the first cp genome reported in Ebenaceae. The cp genome sequences of Diospyros ranged from 157,300 to 157,784 bp in length, presenting a typical quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats each separated by one large and one small single-copy region. For each cp genome, 134 genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA unique genes. In all, 179 repeats and 283 single sequence repeats were identified. Four hypervariable regions, namely, intergenic region of trnQ_rps16, trnV_ndhC, and psbD_trnT, and intron of ndhA, were identified in the Diospyros genomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole cp genome, protein-coding, and intergenic and intron sequences indicated that D. oleifera is closely related to D. kaki and could be used as a model plant for future research on D. kaki; to our knowledge, this is proposed for the first time. Further, these analyses together with two large deletions (301 and 140 bp) in the cp genome of D. 'Jinzaoshi', support its placement as a new species in Diospyros. Both maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses for 19 taxa indicated the basal position of Ericales in asterids and suggested that Ebenaceae is monophyletic in Ericales.

[ Objectives] This study was conducted to find out regulatory genes related to purple in spears of asparagus ( Asparagus officinal,is L. ) . [Methods] The stable asparagus inbred line ]X1513-5 (the base of the spear is purple) and JLV1718-7(the base of the spear is green) were used as parents to study the genetic law of purple/ green traits in their offspring. [Results] The results showed that the purple in the basal part of asparagus spear was controlled by a pair of alleles, and purple was dominant over green. The F2 segregation population was resequenced by the bulk segregation analysis ( BSA) method, and the purple trait in the basal part of asparagus spear was located in the interval of 24. 51 -25. 08 Mb on Chr07 chromosome, which included 47 genes. According to the annotation information, three candidate genes were screened out: WC109849403, WC109849430 and LOC109849442. The candidate genes were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR ( qRT-PCR), and finally LOC109849442 was obtained as the candidate gene for controlling the purple/green trait in the basal part of asparagus spear. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the breeding of new asparagus varieties and molecular marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma effects of energetic electron bombardment on component materials severely limit the output pulsed energies of high-power microwave (HPM) sources. This paper proposes a feasible method for choosing materials for beam collectors in HPM devices. First, electron energy deposition in metal materials is theoretically and numerically investigated. Considering the energy threshold resulting in material ablation, the resilience of several metals to intense relativistic electron beam (IREB) bombardment is compared. This resilience is mainly determined by the material density and melting point. Titanium shows good resilience compared with stainless steel, copper, molybdenum, and tungsten. With an incident 780 keV, 9.5-kA IREB, the maximum deposition energy in titanium just slightly exceeds its ablation threshold. Thus, the theoretical results indicate that titanium is a promising material for application in HPM devices. The experimental results validate the theoretical analyses. Compared with the conventional stainless steel collector, the titanium collector has better stability and lifetime.We intend to investigate more materials in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradualy get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province, the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique, cultivation and management, flower and fruit retention technology, application of exogenous substance, rational fertilization, transgenic technology and so on, in order to reduce production risks and cut loss, realize that protected vegetable production is safe, good-quality and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]