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Fault interpretation plays an important role in the field of coal mine safety. The development of neural network gives rise to many intelligent seismic data interpretation and processing schemes based on neural network algorithm. This study ①selected the Faster R-CNN target detection algorithm more suitable for fault recognition by comparing different deep convolutional neural network target detection algorithms. ②tested AlexNet, residual network ResNet50 and ResNet101 feature extraction networks through seismic forward modeling with various geological characteristics. It is found that ResNet101 feature extraction network has better performance in fault detection. ③constructed a fault detection model based on the preferred ResNet101 feature extraction network and Faster R-CNN target detection algorithm, and detected the actual seismic data. Results show that the object detection algorithm based on deep convolutional neural network shows satisfactory generalization ability in fault detection. It could improve the fault interpretation efficiency, and has potential in application.

In order to verify the effect of the new fully biodegradable external dressing on the repair of diabetes skin wounds and the promotion of wound healing, this study applied sodium alginate hydrogel dressing products which are supplemented with phage and conotoxin analgesic peptides to the skin lesions of diabetes mice, and comprehensively used the quantitative measurement of serological indicators, Image J Tissue section and other techniques to evaluate the effect of the new hydrogel dressing on the repair of diabetes wounds and the promotion of wound healing. The behavioral observation and analysis of mice did not show obvious regularity and difference. According to the results of serum cytokine analysis, functional hydrogel dressings can promote cell regeneration and wound healing in mice. Image J software analysis showed that the healing results of the experimental group were better than those of the negative control group, and the percentage of collagen fiber content showed an upward trend. Through comprehensive evaluation, it can be observed that the new fully biodegradable external dressing has obvious positive effects on wound healing, collagen fiber reconstruction and wound infection prevention of diabetes. The new biodegradable dressing not only promotes wound healing but also solves environmental pollution problems. It meets the sustainable development needs of society and has broad application prospects.

The demand for lithium resources is growing rapidly due to the continuous development of the lithium‐ion battery, which plays an important part in the renewable energy industry. Global sources of lithium are ores and brine, of which 59% are distributed in saline brine. However, the significant lithium resources in saline brine have not been fully utilized. The electrochemical deintercalation method (EDM) for lithium extraction from saline brine is a promising technique because of its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the application of EDM is greatly limited by the easy dissolution of electrode materials like LiMn2O4 and the cost of mass production. Also, there are a few existing review articles on the EDM for lithium extraction. To address this gap, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current methods for lithium extraction from saline brine, systematically summarizes the technical status of the EDM, and pays special attention to the preparation method and modification of electrode materials. This review gives new insight into the mechanism of EDM and provides a new design strategy for the evaluation methods of EDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to verify the effect of the new green and low-carbon hydrogel dressing on promoting wound healing, this project applied a sodium alginate hydrogel dressing product containing Escherichia coli and taro toxin analgesic polypeptide (The specific ingredients of the dressing) to skin wounds in common rats. Effects of the hydrogel dressing on promoting skin wound healing was evaluated by observing the occurrence and frequency of behavioral changes in rats, observing wwhistological sections under a high-power microscope, changes in serum cytokine indicators, and Image J analysis of collagen fiber reconstruction ratios in tissue sections. Through comprehensive evaluation, it can be found that hydrogel dressing has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-infection effects on rat wound surface, and acts on promoting wound healing, promoting the formation of new blood vessels in the damaged skin tissue area, promoting the growth of granulation tissue, and promoting the reconstruction of collagen fibers in wound tissue.

In this paper, polyamine-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by means of low temperature (<100°C) carbonization of citric acid at the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI), resulting spherical calcium carbonate micro-particles from inverse micro-emulsion system. Nanoscaled spherical silicas were prepared by Stöber method via deposition on the surface of micron calcium carbonate. Scanning- and transmission-electron microscopic analysis confirmed a micro-/nano-complex structure, enabling the composite material coating possessed coarser surface similar to those of 'lotus leaf'. After modification with 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecanethiol, both good super hydrophobicity and good fluorescent performance were confirmed by the water contact angle of 154.1°±1.5°, their surface-free energy, and fluorescence quantum yield of 14.1%, which provides an inexpensive and easy way to fabricate superhydrophobic material with fluorescence characteristics and promotes high value application of inorganic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dredged sandy clays are widely utilized as fill material in geotechnical projects, and their compressibility is crucial to the engineering design. It is well recognized that the compression behavior of dredged sandy clays is significantly affected by the initial water content and sand fraction. Besides, these two physical properties are usually spatially dependent due to the process of hydraulic filling. In this study, an effective compression model is formulated based on the equivalent void ratio concept. The compression curve of pure clays is first established as a reference, which depends on the initial void ratio and liquid limit. Then, the effect of sand fraction has been incorporated by directly implementing the equivalent void ratio into the reference curve. A structural variable is introduced to describe the evolving intergranular structure with coarse content and stress level. Only one additional structural parameter is required, and it can be readily calibrated by one traditional compression test. Validation shows that the model is effective in reproducing the compression behavior of dredged sandy clays with a wide range of initial water content and sand fraction. The proposed equation can provide a reasonable reference for establishing the hardening law and the corresponding general constitutive model of dredged sandy clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally sedimentary soils, such as marine clays, weathered residual soils, and glacial deposits, usually possess a certain amount of sand particles. These types of soils could be classified as sandy clay, because the coarse fraction is usually under the transitional content. Their mechanical properties (e.g., compressibility and shear strength) are dominated by the clay matrix and significantly affected by the evolving interparticle structure. Previous research into sandy clay is experimental or numerical, and theoretical investigations that considered the reinforcing effect of coarse inclusions have seldom been reported. Therefore, the effect of sand content was incorporated based on the equivalent void ratio (e*) and equivalent compression curve (ECC) of sandy clays. A unified structure parameter (χ) was introduced, which could capture the reinforcing effect of sand particles on the stiffness and shear strength of sandy clays well. The constitutive relationship was formulated by incorporating the equivalent void ratio concept into an elastoplastic framework. Validation of the proposed model was achieved by comparing the predicted results with experimental data that were compiled from the literature. This revealed a satisfactory prediction for the mechanical response of sandy clays and other gap-graded soils (i.e., gravel–clay mixtures) with a broad spectrum of coarse fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay–sand mixtures are deposited worldwide, such as naturally sedimentary soils and dredged clays in human activities. These mixtures usually have a fine fraction above the transitional fine content, and the compressibility is dominated by clay matrix and affected by sand fraction. In this paper, an explicit equivalent compression curve is proposed for clay–sand mixtures. This is done by directly incorporating the equivalent void ratio into the intrinsic compression model of the clay matrix. The roles of initial and evolving soil structure developed during the compression process are described by a structural variable, which can be directly computed from the experimental data. Experimental data compiled from various literature are used for evaluating the accuracy of the suggested model. They indicate that the proposed relationship of stress versus equivalent void ratio is simple yet effective to evaluate the compressibility of clay–sand mixtures with a wide spectrum of sand fraction. The model is also practically useful for estimating the compressibility of other gap-graded soils, such as clay–gravel mixtures. The proposed stress versus equivalent void-ratio equation is an elementary function and can be readily implemented into general elastoplastic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is a globally invasive species with known severe impacts, including native species declines through ecological (e.g., competition, predation) and genetic interactions (e.g., hybridisation, introgression). The species was introduced to the Malay Peninsula in the late 1980s, and has since become widely established.In this study, we used structural equation models (SEMs) (habitat analyses) and stable isotope analyses (dietary analyses) to elucidate the determinants of C. gariepinus invasion success in streams of the Malay Peninsula and investigate potential impacts on native counterparts.Our SEMs indicate that C. gariepinus invasions were mediated by greater anthropogenic influences as well as environmental conditions associated with open streams (large channels, higher temperatures and lower canopy cover). Additionally, on the one hand, we find that invasions by C. gariepinus have led to substantial negative impacts on the native Asian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, with the latter being displaced, or in some areas extirpated, from its characteristic open‐stream habitats. On the other hand, C. gariepinus invasions did not appear to impact the native forest specialist, Clarias leiacanthus. Stable isotope analyses showed that all three Clarias species were opportunistic, generalist feeders. There was substantial overlap in the diets of C. gariepinus and C. batrachus. However, C. leiacanthus generally assimilated comparatively greater volumes of aquatic macroinvertebrate prey, therefore reducing dietary overlap with introduced C. gariepinus.Our findings indicate that propagule pressure and exaptations probably have played a major role in facilitating C. gariepinus invasions in the Malay Peninsula. Furthermore, our results suggest that habitat competition may have acted synergistically with trophic competition to drive C. gariepinus impacts on native species, although this was mitigated by differentiation in ecological preferences.Our results help shed light on the general characteristics of invasive species, the mechanisms facilitating their proliferation, and the potential outcomes of biological invasions. These highlight the urgent need to manage the introduction, spread and impacts of invasive C. gariepinus in the Malay Peninsula and elsewhere in its invaded range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Acute inflammation and oxidative stress are present in large numbers in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). This investigation probed miR-135a-5p/TBK1 axis within ALI together with its new therapeutic target. Methods. MLE-12 cultures were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transfected with miR-135a-5p mimics or TBK1 vector. An ALI mouse model was also established. Analysis was done on the relationships between TBK1 and miR-135a-5p. Inflammatory components, SOD, MDA, and ROS content were all assessed. Results. Obvious inflammatory lesions were observed in lung tissues of ALI mice. Overexpression of miR-135a-5p or TBK1 knockdown remarkably decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α serum concentrations and increased IL-10 level within lung tissues. Activated NRF2/TXNIP pathway and oxidative stress were additionally found within ALI murines, which were regulated by miR-315a-5p and TBK1. Further research revealed that miR-135a-5p negatively regulated TBK1 expression to mediate proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. Conclusion. miR-135a-5p targeted TBK1 to regulate inflammatory/oxidative stress responses in ALI. Such results might bring a new potential target for ALI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International trade is responsible for connecting human and natural systems across distant countries, and has profound implications for sustainability. In particular, telecoupling, the socioeconomic and environmental interactions between distant countries as a result of, among others, global trade, typically leaves less affluent nations bearing the largest environmental impacts. Telecoupling effects are likely to be pervasive to those trying to achieve the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but little is known about how telecoupling affects the SDGs beyond a subset of environment‐related targets. Here, we take a broad global network analysis approach to address this gap, and assess the vulnerability of the SDGs' indicators and their interactions to telecoupling across 180 countries. We find that a majority (~78%) of the SDG indicators are significantly correlated (p‐value <.05) to indicators of telecoupled environmental impacts, indicating that higher performing countries under SDGs indicators do so helped by externalizing their environmental impacts. We also find that, by proactively accounting for telecoupling, connectivity between goals is reduced in 11 of the 17 SDGs, reducing the trade‐offs between environmental‐related and development SDGs in developing countries. Our results reinforce the need for better integration of telecoupling when monitoring progress towards the SDGs for development to be truly sustainable and equitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Complex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference. Methods: In a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface. Results: The average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus; hereafter redclaw), native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea, is among the largest freshwater decapods. It matures early and is considered highly prolific as females may lay over one thousand eggs in a single clutch. Despite generally preferring slow‐moving streams in its native range, it has a wide environmental tolerance, making it capable of establishing populations when introduced to a wide range of other conditions and habitats. These biological and ecological features render it a highly suitable and popular species for aquaculture worldwide, being the second most important crayfish species economically (after the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii). Adding to that, its unique coloration fuels demand and value among aquarium enthusiasts, making it attractive for the aquarium pet trade. Today, redclaw is widely translocated (67 countries/territories) and various established wild populations (22 countries) have been reported on every continent except Antarctica. Information on its potential or observed impacts, however, is sparse and often anecdotal. To address this gap, this comprehensive review compiles all available information on this species, covering its taxonomy and description, biology and ecology, native and non‐native ranges accompanied with documented introduction pathways. Built upon these, we conducted biological and socio‐economic classification and species distribution modelling. We reveal a lack of thorough impact assessments for this species despite sufficient indications of major observable impacts at local scales. We call attention to the importance of managing the use of this prominent introduced species in aquaculture and aquarium pet trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological invasions have created detrimental impacts in freshwater ecosystems. As non-native freshwater species include economically beneficial, but also harmful, species, trait-based risk assessments can be used to identify and prevent the import of potentially invasive species. Freshwater fishes are one of the most evaluated freshwater taxa to date. However, such assessments have mostly been done in sub-temperate to temperate regions, with a general lack of such research in the tropics. In view of this knowledge gap, this study aims to determine if a different set of traits are associated with successful establishment of non-native fishes within the tropics. In tropical Southeast Asia, Singapore represents a suitable model site to perform an invasive species trait-based risk assessment for the tropical region given its susceptibility to the introduction and establishment of non-native freshwater fishes and lack of stringent fish import regulation. A quantitative trait-based risk assessment was performed using random forest to determine the relative importance of species attributes associated with the successful establishment of introduced freshwater fishes in Singapore. Species having a match in climate, prior invasion success, lower absolute fecundity, higher trophic level, and involvement in the aquarium trade were found to have higher establishment likelihood (as opposed to native distributional range and maximum size being among the commonly identified predictors in subtropical/temperate trait-based risk assessments). To minimize invasive risk, incoming freshwater fishes could be screened in future for such traits, allowing lists of prohibited or regulated species to be updated. The findings could also potentially benefit the development of invasive species action plans and inform management decisions in the Southeast Asian region. Considering a geographical bias in terms of having relatively less documentation of biological invasions in the tropics, particularly Asia, this study highlights the need to perform more of such risk assessments in other parts of the tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Letter, new chrysanthemum‐shaped micrometre calcium carbonate was prepared by using CaCl2 aqueous solution + NH3H2O + CTAB + n‐butanol + n‐hexane inverse microemulsion system. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the morphology and structure of the micron calcium carbonate. Further, the formation mechanism of chrysanthemum‐shaped micron calcium carbonate was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ceftriaxone sodium combined with dexamethasone on the treatment of infant purulent meningitis (PM) and to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children with PM. Of the 177 patients enrolled into the present study, 92 patients received ceftriaxone sodium+dexamethasone (combination group) and 85 patients received ceftriaxone sodium alone (monotherapy group). The time taken for the body temperature, peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) counts to recover back to normal levels were compared between the two groups. In addition, changes in the CSF WBC counts, CSF protein and sugar concentrations, BDNF levels, effective treatment rates and incidence of adverse reactions three days before treatment (T1), after one week of treatment (T2) and after two weeks of treatment (T3) were compared between the two groups. In the combination group, the recovery time of body temperature, WBC counts in both PB and CSF were significantly lower compared with those in the monotherapy group. The combination group also exhibited lower CSF protein concentrations and higher CSF sugar concentrations at T2 and T3 compared with those in the monotherapy group (P<0.05). The effective treatment rate of the combination group was significantly higher compared with that of the monotherapy group (P=0.006). CSF protein at T1, T2 T3, and CSF sugar concentrations and BDNF levels at T1 were significantly lower in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (P<0.05) while the CSF sugar concentrations at T2, T3 were higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (P<0.05). Taken together, these observations suggest that ceftriaxone combined with dexamethasone was superior compared with that of ceftriaxone alone for the treatment of infantile PM, and that this combination therapy may improve the effective treatment rate and accelerate patient rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]