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With the rapid development of big data, 6G, Internet of Things (IoT) and other information and communication technologies (ICTs), artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in new opportunities for more advancements. AI systems are changing the survival and development of human society. This study focuses on the research and application of AI systems within the scientific framework of systems thinking. From scientometrics, this study adopts cocitation analysis and keywords co‐occurrence analysis to sort existing applications of AI system to research network and research overview while giving the current research hotspots of AI system application research. Concurrently, the development trend and direction of AI systems are analysed, and the opportunities and challenges faced are put forward, which lays a foundation for system research in the field of AI systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the technology standard alliance (TSA) is examined using complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. Taking TSA as a dynamic CAS, an echo model is constructed to depict the mechanism of its evolution, and a model is simulated on the NetLogo platform. The echo model includes a basic model, an extended model, and a three-layer echo model. The adhesive aggregation of agents is explained, and the three evolutionary stages of agents' entry, migration, and exit are analyzed. Moreover, the adaptability of agents in TSA is quantified. The results of simulation show the evolution of the TSA in relation to the two aspects of agent adhesion aggregation and agent resource interaction, and they demonstrate the dynamic and complex hierarchical structure of the TSA system. It is proposed that greater matching ability, moderate behavior income, and lower behavior cost are more conducive to the evolution and development of TSA. Additionally, the echo model is reconstructed to expand the range of application of CAS theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Industry 4.0, innovation of complex technology systems and the development of intelligent technologies rely on technology standards. Therefore, the competition of technology standards becomes vital for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. In order to help enterprises obtain competitive advantage by adopting the proper strategy in the competition of technology standards, this paper integrates the concept of innovation ecosystem with technology standard competition and develops a mechanism based on Lotka‐Volterra model. In specific, five possible results of technology standard competition are predicted, and corresponding strategic options for enterprises are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart manufacturing is a key element in Industry 4.0. However, studies on the relationship between manufacturers' network structure and their technology standardization capability are not available. As such, this paper develops a model to explore the relationships among enterprises' network structure, their knowledge acquisition capability and their technology standardization capability. A survey on manufacturers in China is conducted. Hypotheses are developed, and structural equation modelling is applied to analyse the model. The results indicate that the three dimensions of enterprises' network structure are positively related with their technology standardization capability. Enterprises' knowledge acquisition capability mediates the relationship between their network structure and their technology standardization capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has studied the relationship between higher education and economic growth, but the results are mixed. This paper analysed higher educational investment and economic growth theoretically and studied the long-term dynamic relationship between them by using Johansen test, Granger causality test, impulse response function, variance decomposition and other empirical methods based on vector autoregressive model. The result indicates a long-term stable equilibrium relationship among higher educational fund investment, human capital investment and economic growth. Specifically, higher educational fund investment and human capital investment have a significant positive impact on economic growth. Both higher educational fund investment and human capital investment are Granger causes of economic growth. Fund input is Granger cause of human input. Therefore, fund input is a major and driving impetus for higher education to promote economic growth. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of technology systems plays important roles in enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises and strengthening the scientific and technological competitiveness of a nation. This paper describes the mechanisms of technology standardization on technology development, and classified the mechanisms into two categories, that is, single technology links and technology systems. Most significantly, the induction model in the biology was extended to explore the interactions between two categories. The model was further combined with existing technology theories to reveals the effect of technology standardization on the development of relative technology in the same technology system. Some recommendations related to technology management were made based on the outcomes of our study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology are the primary drivers of the nations' economies. Advanced technologies play an irreplaceable role in modern societies, industrial enterprises and public services. Advanced science and technologies make it possible to integrate number of simple systems into a large-scale complex system, where the behaviours of system components must be highly coordinated and collaborated to achieve optimized system performance of integrated systems. The perquisites of system coordination and collaboration are interoperability and standardization of system components. To meet these requirements, it is of great significance to clarify the interaction mechanism between technology standardization and technology development. In this paper, the characteristics of technology standardization and technology development at different stages are analysed; the synergistic relations between these two factors are elaborated with the consideration of external driving forces. Moreover, the electromagnetic field theory is applied to analogize the interactions and develop a new model for the representation of the dynamic mechanisms of technology standardization and technology development. The reasonableness of the analog of the interactions by the electromagnetic field has been illustrated through theoretical analysis and case studies. Finally, the directions of the study on technology standardization and technology development are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of increasingly severe environmental problems, green innovation has become a key way to realize coordinated development of economy and environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the antecedent factors of green innovation. Based on the upper-echelon theory, this study explores the influence of the academic background of top management teams (TMT) on firm's green innovation outcomes and firm performance in Chinese listed companies. This study also discusses three boundary conditions for TMT's academic experience to promote firm's green innovation. The results show that TMT's academic experience promotes green innovation output. Moreover, TMT's academic experience do not have a uniform effect: strict environmental regulation strengthens the relationship between TMT's academic experience and green innovation output, while political connection and innovation input negatively moderate this relationship. Furthermore, green innovation output does not result in better economic benefits for enterprises with top executives who have academic experience, and this condition is observed more in state-owned enterprises. This study reveals the motivation of green innovation and provides a useful reference for enterprises to implement green innovation strategy more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of counterfeit luxury goods poses a great threat to the sustainable development of the luxury goods industry; it also disturbs the order of economic development, causes the aggravation of environmental pollution, and is contrary to the principle of global sustainable development. How to effectively weaken consumers' willingness to buy counterfeit luxury products has become a focal issue. This research explores the impact of value consciousness, social risk perception, and face consciousness on the purchase intention of counterfeit luxury. In addition, this study explores the different mediating roles played by attitude. The results show that value consciousness has a significant positive impact on the counterfeit luxury purchase intention through the full mediation of attitudes. Perceived social risk not only exerts a direct negative impact on the purchase intention of counterfeit luxury products but can also indirectly influence intention through the partial mediation of attitudes. Besides, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between face consciousness and counterfeit luxury purchase intention, and attitudes play a partially mediating role in this inverted U-shaped path. This research also has certain management implications for the government and luxury products companies to formulate relevant policies and marketing strategies to curb consumers' willingness to purchase counterfeit luxury products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although government subsidies have gradually become a crucial means of endorsing public innovation policies, there remains no unified conclusion on the mechanism of their role in enterprise sustainable innovation investment. Employing sample data of listed Chinese manufacturing companies between 2011 and 2019, this study aims to discuss the incentive effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation investment based on different enterprise ownership. With the combination of resource dependency theory and stakeholder theory, the findings suggest that the intensity of government subsidies exerts an incentive effect on corporate innovation investment; however, the incentive effect is different under the influence of political connections and investor attention. In particular, political connections inhibit the incentive effect and investor attention promotes the incentive effect. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence for the rational allocation of resources by the Chinese government and the acquisition of innovation investment by enterprises of different ownerships and the development of innovation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the effect of the specific type of prior work experience of chief executive officers (CEOs) on innovation and firm performance remains poorly understood. Using upper perspective theory, this study argues that CEOs' academic work experience affects firms' innovation output, which in turn determines how research and development (R&D) activities affect firm performance. Analyzing a sample of 1210 Chinese publicly traded firms from 2013–2017, we found that firms with CEOs who were previously associated with universities or research institutions had better innovation output and performance than firms led by CEOs without such background. In addition, we found that former academics spent more on R&D investment, resulting in lower firm performance compared to firms that were not led by CEOs with an academic background. Furthermore, the innovation output was even higher, and performance was inversely reduced for ventures where state ownership is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 2014, China focused on supply-side reform and put forward the concept of replacing old driving with new driving force, which can create a new round of economic improvement. From the perspective of the conversion of old and new driving forces of enterprises, this paper takes the listed enterprises in China's a-share manufacturing industry from 2016 to 2018 as samples. This paper also discusses the "Net Effect" of CEO turnover on the conversion of new and old driving forces of enterprises. The results reflect that CEO turnover has a negative effect on the conversion of old and new driving force. Moving forward, when the CEO and chairman changes at the same time or the ownership of the enterprise turns to state-owned, the change of CEO has a higher degree of prevention on the conversion of old and new force. The number of board's conferences and the degree of equity balance will increase the negative effect of CEO turnover on the conversion of old and new driving force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a class research question about how trust and perceived benefit affect consumers' purchase intentions. This research examines the relationship in a very different context: consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce in China. Specifically, this research empirically assesses the differences in effect size due to the change of context. First, a theoretical model linking trust, perceived benefit, and their antecedents to purchase intention is developed upon the literature. Then the model is evaluated using empirical data collected at Taobao, the largest C2C e-commerce website in China. Partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results strongly support the model and research hypotheses. A developing country context can indeed affect the strength of effect. These results contribute to the literature in that they provide new insights toward a more in-depth theoretical understanding. Meanwhile, they can also provide useful guidance for managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the main driving force for promoting high-quality economic development. The ability for knowledge innovation and knowledge transformation productivity reflects the ability for scientific research transformation and the comprehensive strength of the science and technology of the country. This paper takes the knowledge innovation literature collected in the Web of Science database as its research object, carries on the knowledge atlas analysis with Citespace IV software, makes a knowledge atlas of the space-time distribution, document co-citation and keyword co-occurrence, respectively, and further explores the distribution status, changing trend and hot areas of knowledge innovation research. (1) American and British scholars have led the research in knowledge innovation, and Chinese scholars have followed the international frontier in this field; (2) The research evolution path of knowledge innovation can be summarized as follows: the research object is gradually detailed from the macro-enterprise level to the micro-enterprise level. The research hotspots are as follows: (3) The four hotspots of knowledge innovation research are based on research on the knowledge innovation system within enterprises, research on the knowledge innovation mode based on innovation cooperation among enterprises, and research on the knowledge innovation among enterprises based on inter-organizational knowledge. Research on the knowledge innovation path of knowledge sharing and enterprise knowledge innovation development is based on the global strategic orientation. This paper clarifies the evolution path and development trend of knowledge innovation research, offering a summary for further research and motivating professionals to research future knowledge innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's commercial-oriented world, intense social attention makes it easier for CEOs to become celebrities. This social escalation and characteristic change of CEOs into celebrities tend to influence their motivation and behavior, and thus the strategic decisions and results of firms. Despite the significance of recognizing CEOs' social identity, the impact of celebrity CEOs on innovation strategy remains unknown. Integrating identity and upper echelons theories, this study examines and provides empirical evidence on how celebrity CEOs affect firm innovation investment using data of Chinese listed companies from 2015 to 2020. We argue that celebrity CEOs' engagement in innovation investment is driven by their motivation for preserving celebrity status. Further, we show that analyst coverage plays a positive moderating role between celebrity CEOs and innovation investment, and the positive effect of celebrity CEOs on innovation investment becomes weaker in state-owned enterprises. This study confirms the important role of CEOs' specific social identity in firm innovation strategy, which is motivated by celebrity CEOs' attempt to maintain their established status and reputation. The results expand the research on the influencing factors of firm innovation investment that focus on executives' social characteristics. They also provide managerial implications for board of directors to recruit and supervise a celebrity CEO., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shao, Lv, Zhao and Wang.)

China's enterprises established in the emerging economy are relatively short of technological innovation resources; therefore, these enterprises need to make use of managerial reputation to break through organizational boundaries in order to obtain richer social capital and reshape their technological creativity to cope with the complex and a changeable international economic situation. This corporate phenomenon also serves as the key for China's economy to advance to the stage of high-quality development. Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2016, this paper adopts the Heckman two-stage evaluation model to empirically study the impact of managerial reputation on enterprise innovation activities, the moderating role of corporate governance, and the mediating role of risk taking. From the standpoint of social capital, the findings indicate that managerial reputation promotes enterprise innovation investment. The mechanism test reveals that this correlation is realized through the mediating role of risk taking. Furthermore, the promotion effect of management reputation on enterprise innovation investment is stronger when the enterprises adopt the CEO duality, the larger board size, higher management ownership, and stronger equity restriction. The conclusions of this study confirm the important role of social capital in enterprise innovation in the context of the Chinese economy. The study implications also enrich and expand the research on the influencing factors of enterprise innovation investment that focus on the managerial reputation and provide important business inspiration for enterprises to build reputation management strategy and promote the transformation and upgrading of local enterprises., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wang, Zhao, Shao, Fan and Zhang.)