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Overage construction workers have received widespread attention due to the higher safety risk. The balance of interests among the contractor, supervisor, and regulator forms a game, whose dynamics are tightly linked to the contractor's risk perception. This study aims to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model with risk perception integrated, thus proposing tailored supervisory strategies for supervisors and regulators. Unlike the traditional scale-based approach, a behavior-based method is developed to measure the contractor's risk perception, which improves the interpretability of results and avoids complex questionnaire surveys. The simulation results reveal a clear correlation between the contractor's risk perception and behavior. It is recommended that supervisors increase penalties and the initial possibility of Rigorous Inspection properly, and regulators may consider enhancing credit-based future returns and losses. Notably, certain measures may not be applicable to all contractors. Hence, supervisors and regulators should identify their risk perception before adopting supervisory strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtosecond-laser modified silicon materials have excellent optoelectronic properties and device application prospects, thus capturing pervasive interest from academia and industry. Nevertheless, efficiently achieving large-area uniform modification on silicon surfaces with Gaussian laser beams, especially fabricating evenly and extensively distributed microcone structures, remains a formidable obstacle. Our theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the pulse-shaping technique effectively regulates the light–matter interaction, leading to improved surface uniformity through nonlinear and linear modulation. A large-area uniformly distributed microcones are prepared on the silicon surface through pure temporal modulation of the pulse. In addition, the method is easy to implement and has good compatibility. These findings carry significant implications for advancing the femtosecond-laser processing technology and promoting the industrial utilization of modified silicon materials, including photoelectric detection and solar cell fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valanimycin is an azoxy‐containing natural product isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces viridifaciens MG456‐hF10. While the biosynthesis of valanimycin has been partially characterized, how the azoxy group is constructed remains obscure. Herein, the membrane protein VlmO and the putative hydrazine synthetase ForJ from the formycin biosynthetic pathway are demonstrated to catalyze N−N bond formation converting O‐(l‐seryl)‐isobutyl hydroxylamine into N‐(isobutylamino)‐l‐serine. Subsequent installation of the azoxy group is shown to be catalyzed by the non‐heme diiron enzyme VlmB in a reaction in which the N−N single bond in the VlmO/ForJ product is oxidized by four electrons to yield the azoxy group. The catalytic cycle of VlmB appears to begin with a resting μ‐oxo diferric complex in VlmB, as supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This study also identifies N‐(isobutylamino)‐d‐serine as an alternative substrate for VlmB leading to two azoxy regioisomers. The reactions catalyzed by the kinase VlmJ and the lyase VlmK during the final steps of valanimycin biosynthesis are established as well. The biosynthesis of valanimycin was thus fully reconstituted in vitro using the enzymes VlmO/ForJ, VlmB, VlmJ and VlmK. Importantly, the VlmB‐catalyzed reaction represents the first example of enzyme‐catalyzed azoxy formation and is expected to proceed by an atypical mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrimers are a family of nano‐sized three‐dimensional polymers with unique dendritic branching structures and compact spherical geometries. In recent years, dendrimers have made a series of breakthroughs in the biomedical field. In this review, we introduce the synthesis principles, modification methods, and new materials designed based on dendrimers; discuss the importance of cytotoxicity of dendrimers for applications; and elaborate on their applications in the field of molecular assembly and cancer diagnosis and treatment. We speculate that in the near future, more new materials based on dendrimers will be applied in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epigenetic modifications, according to emerging evidence, perform a critical role for cellular immune response and tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the role of N6-methyladenosine modification in shaping of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment is unknown. Methods: N6-methyladenosine(m6A) methylation patterns in GBM patients were evaluated via multiple omics analysis of 15 m6A regulators and systematically correlated with tumor immune features. For quantification of N6-methyladenosine methylation patterns of individual patients, GM-score was developed and correlated with clinical and immunological characteristics. Results: Glioblastoma has two different m6A methylation patterns that are strongly associated with TME characteristics, tumor subtype, immunotherapy response, and patient prognosis. High-GM-score is associated with an immune tolerance phenotype dominated by the IDH1 wild molecular subtype and the Mesenchymal tissue subtype, as well as a high infiltration of immune cells and stromal cells and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, despite higher immune checkpoint expression, individuals with a high-GM-score have a poorer response to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy regimens due to T-cells dysfunctional. Low-GM-score individuals had an immunodeficient phenotype dominated by IDH mutant molecular subtypes and Proneural tissue subtypes, with less immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. Furthermore, patients with low-GM-scores had higher microsatellite instability (MSI) and t-cell exclusion scores, as well as a better response to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy regimens. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that m6A modification patterns play an important role in the shaping of TME complexity and diversity. The GM-score could identify m6A modification patterns in individual patients, resulting in a more personalization and efficacious anti-tumor immunotherapy strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the development trend of the future housing field, green housing is an effective way to reduce pollution, save energy, and promote industrial upgrading. At the same time, the green house is of great significance to change the development mode of the construction industry and promote the sustainable development of the social economy. This study proposes a comprehensive research model to examine the influencing mechanism of residents' intention to purchase green buildings. The proposed model is empirically tested using data collected from 1,338 urban residents in China. Based on logit, probit, and ivprobit models, factors such as personal characteristics, housing price, and the number of real estate ownership are selected to conduct empirical analysis and mechanism analysis on willingness that affects consumers' purchase of green houses. The results show that housing assets significantly affect the willingness of householders to pay for green houses. The more houses they own, the higher their willingness to pay for a green house will be. Similarly, if the housing prices are higher, householders are more willing to buy a green house. The amount of housing assets will affect the willingness of householders to pay for green housing through the way of individual happiness. In terms of the characteristics of the householder, if the householder is more educated, unmarried, his willingness to buy a green house will be stronger, and owning housing assets may affect the individual happiness due to the housing wealth effect brought by rising housing prices. People with more housing assets are more likely to have the happiness brought by higher wealth, which may affect the purchase intention of householders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of a probe-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave) far-field antenna measurement setup. First, it is found that a full-wave simulation of the entire setup requires formidable computational resources, and thus a reasonable simplification of the setup model is made. Then, an electric dipole antenna operating at 28 GHz is placed in the setup, and the reflected/scattered/refracted/absorbed/diffracted/obstructed field distribution and distortion on radiation patterns by equipment are simulated. Finally, a quiet zone assessment is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show how one can test the cosmological Poisson equation by requiring only the validity of three main assumptions: the energy-momentum conservation equations of matter, the equivalence principle, and the cosmological principle. We first point out that one can only measure the combination M ≡ Ω m (0) μ , where μ quantifies the deviation of the Poisson equation from the standard one and Ω m (0) is the fraction of matter density at present. Then we employ a recent model-independent forecast for the growth rate f (z) and the expansion rate E (z) to obtain constraints on M for a survey that approximates a combination of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and Euclid. We conclude that a constant M can be measured with a relative error σ M = 4.5 % , while if M is arbitrarily varying in redshift, it can be measured only to within 13.4% (1 σ c.l.) at redshift z = 0.9 , and 15-22% up to z = 1.5. We also project our constraints on some parametrizations of M proposed in literature, while still maintaining model-independence for the background expansion, the power spectrum shape, and the non-linear corrections. Generally speaking, as expected, we find much weaker model-independent constraints than found so far for such models. This means that the cosmological Poisson equation remains quite open to various alternative gravity and dark energy models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been great interest in millimeter-wave (mmwave) and terahertz (THz) technologies due to an increasing demand for ultrahigh data transfer rate. Two novel solutions, i.e., antenna on chip (AoC) and antenna in package (AiP), have been proposed for the development of highly integrated radio and radar systems [1]-[5]. To measure the antenna characteristics of AoC and AiP, a reliable probe-based mm-wave/THz antenna measurement setup became essential. Over the last 20 years, the world has witnessed the prosperous development of various mmwave/THz antenna measurement setups, most of which can be divided into two types, i.e., probe-station and quasi-in-air based. The former type has a feature that allows the testing equipment to be compactly established on a large metal stage, which has been widely used for near-field based and as part of the farfield-based setups [6]-[10]. The antenna under test (AUT) is maintained on a wafer chuck placed on the stage and thus, only the radiation pattern in the upper half-space is measurable due to the metal stage obstruction. The latter type reduces the defect by using an extended supporting structure to hold the AUT in midair away from the stage so that the radiation patterns in both the upper and lower half-spaces are measurable. Many setups of this type measure antennas at far-field distances, and some of them are also compatible with near-field testing. Compared to probe-station based, quasi-inair based takes up much more space and is less compact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of 2,3,5,4‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐o‐β‐D‐glucoside (TSG) against osteoporosis. Method: MC3T3‐E1 mouse osteoblast precursor cells were used to analyze the protective effects of TSG on osteoblast apoptosis and differential inhibition induced by oxidative stress to determine the gene expression of forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FoxO3a), T cell factors (TCFs), and downstream genes. A mouse model was used to assess the protective effects of TSG on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis as well as on Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK) gene expression, including that of FoxO3a. The mechanism underlying the protective effects of TSG against osteoporosis was further explored using high‐throughput sequencing data. Results: A CCK‐8 assay in MC3T3‐E1 cells and hematoxylin and eosin staining in mouse tissue indicated that cell viability and bone tissue development were inhibited by oxidative stress and ovariectomy and that TSG neutralized or attenuated this effect. The expression levels of FoxO3a, TCF, and downstream genes and the indices of oxidative stress were the same in MC3T3‐E1 cells and the bone tissues of the mouse model. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the cardiac muscle contraction and chemokine signaling pathway were disturbed in MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Gene ontology‐biological process analysis revealed the influence of TSG treatment. Conclusion: Osteoporosis and cardiac diseases appear to share a common mechanism. In addition to Wnt/FoxO3a signaling, the immune system and the chemokine signaling pathway may contribute to the protective mechanism of TSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and effective transformation of α to β phase in electrospinning of PVDF was demonstrated by adding emeraldine base polyaniline (PANI). Results from FTIR and X-ray studies revealed that a very large amount of the electraoctive β-phase can be obtained by controlling the amount of PANI loading and the electrospinning parameters, whereas the γ-phase normally showed a very tiny amount, much lower than the β-phase, for all samples with PANI loading. The above results indicate that the addition of PANI into the PVDF solution during electrospinning is a powerful way to enhance the electroactive β-phase of the fibers, which is significant for developing high-performance fiber-based piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work, polyacrylamide (PAM) was first used in the loading of heteropoly acids, and then the HPM/PAM-n catalyst was synthesized by simple reaction. The FTIR and SEM measurements showed that the HPM/PAM-n (n = 10,000, 20,000, 30,000) was successfully synthesized. In addition, the HPM/PAM-n effect on desulfurization was measured, which showed the optimal desulfurization efficiency. The optimal process condition for HPM/PAM-10000 desulfurization was optimized by a single-factor experiment. The optimal condition was as follows: The temperature was 60 °C, the amount of the catalyst was 0.2 g, the oxygen to sulfur ratio was 16, and the reaction time is 100 min. The catalyst was suitable for recycled use, and the desulfurization efficiency was high after 10 times. In the end, the oxidative desulfurization mechanism was put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have indicated a potential relationship between iron status and oral health outcomes, specifically periodontitis and dental caries. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of iron status on these oral health conditions. The focus of this study was on key iron biomarkers, namely serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)., Methods: This two-sample MR analysis employed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The instrumental variables (IVs) were selected based on their genome-wide significance and independence from confounders. The statistical analyses employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the causal association results., Results: The MR analysis indicated a suggestive negative causal relationship between TIBC and periodontitis, with an odds ratios of 0.875 and a 95% CI of 0.766-0.998, with a P-value of .047. No significant other associations were found. The results of sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of these findings., Conclusion: This MR study suggested a potential negative association between TIBC and periodontitis, highlighting the importance of considering iron status in the clinical management of chronic periodontitis. However, more standardized, multi-population studies are needed to confirm this causality., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None disclosed., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

After spinal cord injury (SCI), phagocytes endocytose myelin debris to form foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory response. It has been previously shown that macrophages become foam cells through the phagocytosis of myelin debris via receptor-dependent mechanisms after SCI. Blocking receptor-mediated endocytosis did not completely prevent foam cell formation, so we investigated receptor-independent endocytosis. Here, we revealed that foam cells formed after myelin debris internalization were predominantly macrophages rather than microglia. Receptor-independent macropinocytosis has an important position in foamy macrophage formation through engagement of myelin debris endocytosis after SCI. Mechanistic studies showed that cholesterol crystallization following macropinocytosis-mediated foamy macrophage formation promoted the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, increasing the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Inhibition of macropinocytosis might reverse this effect, resulting in enhanced axonal regeneration and reduced neural apoptosis, thereby improving outcomes after SCI. Overall, our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for macropinocytosis in foamy macrophages formation after SCI, and confer a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI through focus on macropinocytosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author declares no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Kitasetaline is one of the very few β-carbolines isolated from bacteria. It features a unique N -acetylcysteine moiety linked to the β-carboline core through a thioether bond. While earlier in vivo experiments identified the gene cluster and reported several putative biosynthetic intermediates, how the C-S bond linkage is constructed has remained elusive. Herein, in vitro reconstitution of kitasetaline biosynthesis reveals the involvement of a Pictet-Spenglerase (KslB) and a promiscuous dehydrogenase (KslA) that generate the characteristic β-carboline ring system. In addition, the P450 enzyme KslC was found to catalyze oxidative decarboxylation of 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-9 H -pyrido[3,4- b ]indole-3-carboxylic acid to yield the biosynthetic intermediate 1-vinyl-9 H -pyrido[3,4- b ]indole-3-carboxylic acid. KslC is also capable of catalyzing further oxidation of its product to yield an N -hydroxylated side product. Importantly, the vinyl intermediate was found to undergo nonenzymatic nucleophilic addition by N -acetyl-l-cysteine to generate the C-S bond leading directly to kitasetaline without the involvement of a mycothiolated intermediate proposed in a previous biosynthetic model. Thus, this work not only demonstrates that biosynthesis of β-carboline compounds is rich in unexpected chemistry but also adds to the growing realization that biological thiolation reactions are often nonenzymatic in nature, relying instead on enzymatic formation of reactive electrophiles.

Transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation is an effective method to solve the problem of insufficient bone height in the posterior maxillary region. However, current methods, such as osteotome sinus floor elevation, cushioned grind-out technique, Smart Drill technique, etc., require specialized surgical tool boxes. In this article, we introduce a new method of transcrestal maxillary sinus elevation that uses built-in reamers of various implant systems to scrap residual bone at the sinus floor and uses the implant to push the sinus membrane during implant placement. This technique is easy to operate and time saving and has a low rate of sinus membrane perforation. After a one-year follow-up observation of 146 people and 175 implants, the endo-sinus bone gains were 5.00 (4.70, 5.30) mm and 2.10 (1.40, 2.70) mm in the group of 3 mm≤residual bone height (RBH)<5 mm and the group of 5 mm≤RBH<8 mm, respectively, which can meet the clinical requirements of implant stability. This technique is suitable in generalizing dental implantation.

Federated learning (FL) commonly encourages the clients to perform multiple local updates before the global aggregation, thus avoiding frequent model exchanges and relieving the communication bottleneck between the server and clients. Though empirically effective, the negative impact of multiple local updates on the stability of FL is not thoroughly studied, which may result in a globally unstable and slow convergence. Based on sensitivity analysis, we define in this paper a local-update stability index for the general FL, as measured by the maximum inter-client model discrepancy after the multiple local updates that mainly stems from the data heterogeneity. It enables to determine how much the variation of client's models with multiple local updates may influence the global model, and can also be linked with the convergence and generalization. We theoretically derive the proposed local-update stability for current state-of-the-art FL methods, providing possible insight to understanding their motivation and limitation from a new perspective of stability. For example, naively executing the parallel acceleration locally at clients would harm the local-update stability. Motivated by this, we then propose a novel accelerated yet stabilized FL algorithm (named FedANAG) based on the server- and client-level Nesterov accelerated gradient (NAG). In FedANAG, the global and local momenta are elaborately designed and alternatively updated, while the stability of local update is enhanced with help of the global momentum. We prove the convergence of FedANAG for strongly convex, general convex and non-convex settings. We then conduct evaluations on both the synthetic and real-world datasets to first validate our proposed local-update stability. The results further show that across various data heterogeneity and client participation ratios, FedANAG not only accelerates the global convergence by reducing the required number of communication rounds to a target accuracy, but converges to an eventually higher accuracy.

Aerocyanidin and amycomicin are two antibiotics derived from long-chain acids with a rare epoxy isonitrile moiety, the complexity of which renders the total synthesis of these two natural products rather challenging. How this functionality is biosynthesized has also remained obscure. While the biosynthetic gene clusters for these compounds have been identified, both appear to be deficient in genes encoding enzymes seemingly necessary for the oxidative modifications observed in these antibiotics. Herein, the biosynthetic pathways of aerocyanidin and amycomicin are fully elucidated. They share a conserved pathway to isonitrile intermediates that involves a bifunctional thioesterase and a nonheme iron α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme. In both cases, the isonitrile intermediates are then loaded onto an acyl carrier protein (ACP) catalyzed by a ligase. The isonitrile-tethered ACP is subsequently processed by polyketide synthase(s) to undergo chain extension, thereby assembling a long-chain γ-hydroxy isonitrile acid skeleton. The epoxide is installed by the cupin domain-containing protein AecF to conclude the biosynthesis of aerocyanidin. In contrast, three P450 enzymes AmcB, AmcC, and AmcQ are involved in epoxidation and keto formation to finalize the biosynthesis of amycomicin. These results thus explain the sequence of oxidation events that result in the final structures of aerocyanidin and amycomicin as well as the biosynthesis of the key γ-hydroxy epoxy isonitrile functional group.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the accuracy of self-developed universal implant guide (SDG), 3D printed digital guide (DG), and free hand (FH) simulated implantation in the posterior tooth area of dental models., Methods: Ten junior dentists were selected to place three implants in the 35, 37, and 46 tooth sites of the mandibular models (35, 36, 37, and 46 missing teeth) by using SDG, DG, and FH, and the process was repeated again to take the average value. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the global coronal deviation, global apical deviation, depth deviation, and angular deviation between the actual position and preoperative planned position., Results: The coronal deviation and apical deviation of the three implant sites in the SDG group were not significantly different from those in the two other groups ( P >0.05). The depth deviation and angular deviation in the SDG group were smaller than those in the DG group ( P <0.05) and FH group ( P <0.05), respectively. All deviations at site 37 in the SDG group were not different from those at site 35 ( P >0.05), while the depth and angular deviation at site 37 in the DG group were higher than those at site 35 ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: The precision of the self-developed universal dental implant guide can meet the requirements of clinical posterior implantation.

Background: The pathophysiology of bone defects (BDs) is complex, and the treatment for bone defects, in particular massive bone defects, remains a major clinical challenge. Our study was conducted to explore the molecular events related to the progression of bone defects a common clinical condition., Methods: First, microarray data of GSE20980 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where 33 samples in total were used to analyze the molecular biological processes related to bone defects. Next, the original data were normalized and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the trends of the different genes were confirmed., Results: Compared with the samples of non-critical size defects (NCSD), the samples of critical size defects (CSD) had 2057, 827, and 1,024 DEGs at 7, 14, and 21 days post injury, respectively. At day 7, the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, at day 14 the DEGs were predominantly enriched in G-protein coupled signaling pathways and the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, and at day 21 the DEGs were mainly enriched in circadian entrainment and synaptic-related functions. The PPI network showed similar results. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were performed to validate the partial results of sequencing., Conclusion: This study provides some clues about the molecular mechanism behind bone defects, which should contribute to scientific research and clinical treatment of this condition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Zhao, Li, Yi, Zhang, Zheng, Dai, Yin and Zhao.)

It is promising to solve linear inverse problems by unfolding iterative algorithms (e.g., iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (ISTA)) as deep neural networks (DNNs) with learnable parameters. However, existing ISTA-based unfolded algorithms restrict the network architectures for iterative updates with the partial weight coupling structure to guarantee convergence. In this paper, we propose hybrid ISTA to unfold ISTA with both pre-computed and learned parameters by incorporating free-form DNNs (i.e., DNNs with arbitrary feasible and reasonable network architectures), while ensuring theoretical convergence. We first develop HCISTA to improve the efficiency and flexibility of classical ISTA (with pre-computed parameters) without compromising the convergence rate in theory. Furthermore, the DNN-based hybrid algorithm is generalized to popular variants of learned ISTA, dubbed HLISTA, to enable a free architecture of learned parameters with a guarantee of linear convergence. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first to provide a convergence-provable framework that enables free-form DNNs in ISTA-based unfolded algorithms. This framework is general to endow arbitrary DNNs for solving linear inverse problems with convergence guarantees. Extensive experiments demonstrate that hybrid ISTA can reduce the reconstruction error with an improved convergence rate in the tasks of sparse recovery and compressive sensing.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical complication in patients with lumbar fractures. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive value of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in postoperative DVT formation in patients with lumbar fractures and to develop a nomogram relating clinical admission information for prediction. Patients who underwent open reduction and pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of single-segment lumbar fracture in the Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from December 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled in this study. Baseline data and laboratory results were collected from enrollees, and the primary study endpoint event was the occurrence of DVT in patients after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with higher odds of DVT after surgery. A nomogram was constructed using the results of the multivariable model. The calibration plot and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used to show the satisfactory predictive capacity of the model. Of these 393 patients who did not have DVT preoperatively, 79 patients developed it postoperatively, and 314 did not, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that higher body mass index (BMI) (BMI between 24 and 28: RR = 1.661, 95% CI = 0.891-3.094; BMI ≤28: RR = 5.625, 95% CI = 2.590-12.217; reference: BMI <24), neutrophils (RR = 1.157, 95% CI 1.042-1.285), D-dimer (RR = 1.098, 95% CI 1.000-1.206), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) (RR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.026-1.060) were independent risk factors for postoperative DVT. Using the multivariable analysis, we then constructed a nomogram to predict DVT, which was found to have an area under the curve of 0.757 (95% CI = 0.693-0.820). Calibration plots also showed the satisfied discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. In conclusion, patients with lumbar fractures with postoperative DVT had higher levels of NETs in the circulation preoperatively compared to those without postoperative DVT. Furthermore, based on BMI, D-dimer, neutrophils, and CitH3, we developed a predictive model to predict postoperative DVT incidence in these patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor SHJ declared a past co- authorship with the authors JC, HL, ZZ, XZ, GY, SZ., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Jiang, Zhou, Wu, Chen, Liu, Dai, Zheng, Zhao, Zhang, Shi, Zhang, Gu, Huang, Yin and Zhao.)